Contacts of the helix formed by residues 414 - 438 (chain A) in PDB entry 1EJI


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with LEU 414 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    330A  GLN*     3.2    33.2    -      -       +      +
    334A  ASN*     3.3    10.5    -      -       -      -
    412A  GLY      3.4    19.3    -      -       -      +
    413A  LEU*     1.3    74.9    -      -       -      +
    415A  GLU*     1.3    75.3    +      -       -      +
    416A  GLU*     3.4    14.1    -      -       -      +
    417A  ASP*     2.9    17.7    +      -       -      +
    418A  PHE*     2.9    20.6    +      -       -      -
     15B  TRP*     4.4    13.5    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLU 415 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    330A  GLN*     3.1    25.7    +      -       -      +
    333A  ALA*     3.9    18.9    -      -       -      +
    334A  ASN*     3.3     5.5    +      -       -      +
    337A  ALA*     3.9    25.9    -      -       +      +
    414A  LEU*     1.3    74.4    -      -       -      +
    416A  GLU*     1.3    65.7    +      -       +      +
    418A  PHE*     3.0     4.8    +      -       -      +
    419A  GLN*     3.0    33.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLU 416 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    414A  LEU*     3.4    14.1    -      -       -      +
    415A  GLU*     1.3    77.5    -      -       +      +
    417A  ASP*     1.3    69.3    +      -       -      +
    419A  GLN*     3.3    19.7    +      -       -      +
    420A  LYS*     3.2    34.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASP 417 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    412A  GLY      4.9     0.2    -      -       -      +
    413A  LEU*     3.4    25.5    -      -       +      -
    414A  LEU*     2.9    31.4    +      -       -      +
    416A  GLU*     1.3    81.4    -      -       -      +
    418A  PHE*     1.3    56.0    +      -       -      +
    420A  LYS*     3.1    29.3    +      -       -      +
    421A  VAL*     2.9    31.5    +      -       -      +
    472A  PHE*     3.8     6.5    -      -       +      -
    476A  PHE*     4.0    19.9    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with PHE 418 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     50A  LEU*     4.2    11.2    -      -       +      -
    334A  ASN*     3.2    56.3    -      -       +      +
    337A  ALA*     4.5     3.8    -      -       +      -
    338A  LEU*     3.9    29.5    -      -       +      +
    405A  THR*     3.7    30.3    -      -       +      -
    408A  LEU*     3.7    37.0    -      -       +      -
    409A  THR*     3.8     2.2    -      -       -      -
    413A  LEU*     3.8    16.4    -      -       +      -
    414A  LEU      2.9    13.4    +      -       -      +
    415A  GLU*     3.6     9.6    -      -       -      +
    417A  ASP*     1.3    73.3    -      -       -      +
    419A  GLN*     1.3    61.3    +      -       -      +
    421A  VAL*     3.3    14.6    -      -       +      +
    422A  ALA*     3.0    23.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLN 419 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    337A  ALA*     4.8    10.5    -      -       +      +
    341A  ALA*     4.4    19.2    -      -       +      +
    344A  GLU*     5.7     0.5    -      -       -      +
    415A  GLU*     3.0    20.8    +      -       -      +
    416A  GLU*     3.4    27.4    -      -       -      +
    418A  PHE*     1.3    74.4    -      -       -      +
    420A  LYS*     1.3    68.2    +      -       +      +
    421A  VAL      3.0     1.3    -      -       -      -
    422A  ALA*     2.9    19.3    +      -       -      +
    423A  HIS*     3.0    12.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LYS 420 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    416A  GLU*     3.3    24.3    -      -       -      +
    417A  ASP*     3.1    21.6    +      -       -      +
    419A  GLN*     1.3    77.1    -      -       +      +
    421A  VAL*     1.3    61.4    +      -       -      +
    423A  HIS*     3.4     8.6    +      -       -      +
    424A  PHE*     3.1    31.9    +      -       +      -
    472A  PHE*     4.0    28.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with VAL 421 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     48A  LEU*     4.3    14.4    -      -       +      -
     50A  LEU*     4.0    34.5    -      -       +      -
    338A  LEU*     4.8     2.7    -      -       +      -
    408A  LEU*     4.6     5.2    -      -       +      -
    413A  LEU*     4.2     9.0    -      -       +      -
    417A  ASP      2.9    21.0    +      -       -      +
    418A  PHE*     3.3    23.3    -      -       +      +
    419A  GLN      3.0     0.2    -      -       -      -
    420A  LYS*     1.3    74.5    -      -       -      +
    422A  ALA*     1.3    66.5    +      -       -      +
    424A  PHE*     2.9    21.6    +      -       -      +
    425A  ILE*     3.0    18.1    +      -       +      +
    472A  PHE*     3.9    19.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 422 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    338A  LEU*     3.8     9.6    -      -       +      -
    341A  ALA*     3.7    24.7    -      -       +      +
    342A  LEU*     3.5    28.5    -      -       +      +
    345A  LEU*     4.4     4.5    -      -       +      -
    418A  PHE      3.0    14.4    +      -       -      +
    419A  GLN      2.9    10.4    +      -       -      +
    421A  VAL*     1.3    74.9    -      -       -      +
    423A  HIS*     1.3    56.5    +      -       -      +
    425A  ILE*     3.2     8.2    +      -       -      +
    426A  HIS*     2.9    26.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with HIS 423 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    345A  LEU*     4.5    10.2    -      -       +      +
    419A  GLN      3.0     9.9    +      -       -      +
    420A  LYS*     3.6    11.9    -      -       -      +
    422A  ALA*     1.3    74.9    -      -       -      +
    424A  PHE*     1.3    66.5    +      -       +      +
    426A  HIS*     3.0    26.1    +      +       -      +
    427A  ARG*     2.8    66.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with PHE 424 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     48A  LEU*     4.1    13.5    -      -       +      -
    382A  ILE*     4.3    18.4    -      -       +      +
    420A  LYS*     3.1    26.4    +      -       +      -
    421A  VAL*     2.9    15.7    +      -       -      +
    423A  HIS*     1.3    75.3    -      -       +      +
    425A  ILE*     1.3    58.1    +      -       +      +
    427A  ARG*     3.3    17.1    -      -       -      +
    428A  GLY*     3.0    22.7    +      -       -      -
    465A  LEU*     3.7    14.9    -      -       +      +
    468A  GLU*     3.4    49.6    -      -       +      -
    469A  VAL*     3.6    21.3    -      -       +      -
    472A  PHE*     3.5    33.9    -      +       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ILE 425 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     50A  LEU*     3.6    32.1    -      -       +      -
    338A  LEU*     4.4     6.3    -      -       +      -
    342A  LEU*     4.9     6.5    -      -       +      -
    347A  TYR*     6.4     0.4    -      -       +      -
    361A  MSE      4.4    16.6    -      -       +      -
    377A  LEU*     4.1    18.0    -      -       +      +
    382A  ILE*     4.7    10.1    -      -       +      -
    403A  LEU*     4.1    19.7    -      -       +      -
    421A  VAL*     3.0    20.6    +      -       +      +
    422A  ALA*     3.3    11.9    -      -       -      +
    424A  PHE*     1.3    75.0    -      -       +      +
    426A  HIS*     1.3    65.9    +      -       -      +
    428A  GLY*     2.9    12.0    +      -       -      -
    429A  ILE*     3.0    32.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with HIS 426 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    342A  LEU*     5.4     0.9    -      -       +      +
    345A  LEU*     3.3    53.8    +      -       +      +
    347A  TYR*     2.8    39.2    +      +       +      +
    422A  ALA      2.9     6.6    +      -       -      +
    423A  HIS*     3.0    24.0    +      +       -      +
    425A  ILE*     1.3    76.0    -      -       -      +
    427A  ARG*     1.3    58.8    +      -       +      +
    429A  ILE      3.4     0.5    +      -       -      -
    430A  GLU*     2.9    51.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ARG 427 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    423A  HIS*     2.8    60.7    +      -       +      +
    424A  PHE*     3.3    21.8    -      -       -      +
    426A  HIS*     1.3    76.6    -      -       +      +
    428A  GLY*     1.3    57.5    +      -       -      +
    430A  GLU*     3.0    10.4    -      -       -      +
    431A  LEU*     3.0    27.0    +      -       -      +
    464A  THR*     6.2     1.4    -      -       -      +
    465A  LEU*     3.6    36.6    -      -       +      +
    468A  GLU*     2.5    34.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLY 428 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    376A  VAL*     3.7     8.9    -      -       -      +
    377A  LEU*     3.9    16.8    -      -       -      -
    380A  CYS*     5.7     0.7    -      -       -      -
    424A  PHE      3.0    10.3    +      -       -      -
    425A  ILE      2.9     8.8    +      -       -      -
    427A  ARG*     1.3    74.2    -      -       -      +
    429A  ILE*     1.3    63.6    +      -       -      -
    431A  LEU*     3.0     8.9    +      -       -      +
    432A  THR*     3.0    22.8    +      -       -      -
    465A  LEU*     4.1    11.7    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ILE 429 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    347A  TYR*     3.3    45.3    -      -       +      +
    361A  MSE      4.3    13.5    -      -       +      -
    363A  LEU*     4.3    19.7    -      -       +      -
    366A  LYS*     5.6     2.2    -      -       +      -
    368A  THR*     4.2    14.4    -      -       +      -
    373A  ALA*     4.8     8.5    -      -       +      -
    377A  LEU*     4.6    11.2    -      -       +      +
    401A  LEU*     5.0     1.1    -      -       +      -
    425A  ILE*     3.0    22.8    +      -       +      +
    426A  HIS      4.0     0.2    -      -       -      +
    428A  GLY*     1.3    73.2    -      -       -      +
    430A  GLU*     1.3    64.0    +      -       -      +
    432A  THR*     2.9    11.5    +      -       -      -
    433A  LEU*     2.9    40.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLU 430 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    347A  TYR*     4.6     1.0    +      -       -      -
    426A  HIS*     2.9    36.4    +      -       +      +
    427A  ARG*     3.0    17.7    -      -       -      +
    429A  ILE*     1.3    78.2    -      -       -      +
    431A  LEU*     1.3    61.0    +      -       -      +
    433A  LEU*     3.4     8.1    +      -       -      +
    434A  GLN*     3.2    40.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 431 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    376A  VAL*     4.3    18.2    -      -       +      -
    380A  CYS*     4.9     5.2    -      -       -      -
    427A  ARG      3.0    13.1    +      -       -      +
    428A  GLY      3.0    10.5    +      -       -      +
    430A  GLU*     1.3    73.6    -      -       -      +
    432A  THR*     1.3    66.3    +      -       -      +
    434A  GLN*     3.1    17.6    +      -       +      +
    435A  ILE*     3.0    35.4    +      -       +      +
    458A  ILE*     4.9    13.0    -      -       +      +
    461A  ALA*     4.2    14.1    -      -       +      -
    462A  VAL*     4.1    32.8    -      -       +      +
    465A  LEU*     5.0     7.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with THR 432 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    368A  THR*     3.6    22.2    -      -       -      +
    372A  ARG*     4.1     2.9    -      -       +      -
    373A  ALA*     3.8    22.1    -      -       +      +
    376A  VAL*     3.0    27.1    -      -       +      +
    428A  GLY      3.0    11.8    +      -       -      -
    429A  ILE*     2.9    14.0    +      -       -      -
    431A  LEU*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
    433A  LEU*     1.3    58.6    +      -       -      +
    435A  ILE*     2.9    11.1    -      -       -      +
    436A  GLN*     2.6    51.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 433 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    366A  LYS*     3.1    32.5    -      -       +      +
    367A  GLY*     5.1     1.1    -      -       -      -
    368A  THR*     3.7    33.0    -      -       +      +
    429A  ILE*     2.9    30.8    +      -       +      +
    430A  GLU*     3.6    10.3    -      -       -      +
    432A  THR*     1.3    71.9    -      -       -      +
    434A  GLN*     1.3    66.9    +      -       +      +
    436A  GLN*     3.0    23.3    -      -       +      +
    437A  SER*     3.5     7.6    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLN 434 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    430A  GLU*     3.3    33.8    +      -       +      +
    431A  LEU*     3.1    19.1    +      -       +      +
    433A  LEU*     1.3    76.1    -      -       +      +
    435A  ILE*     1.3    65.3    +      -       -      +
    436A  GLN      2.9     1.4    +      -       -      -
    437A  SER*     2.9    16.5    +      -       -      -
    438A  HIS*     3.1    33.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ILE 435 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    376A  VAL*     4.9     1.1    -      -       +      -
    431A  LEU*     3.0    25.6    -      -       +      +
    432A  THR*     2.9    26.9    -      -       -      +
    434A  GLN*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
    436A  GLN*     1.3    66.3    +      -       -      +
    438A  HIS*     3.5    18.1    +      -       -      +
    439A  MSE      3.7    21.0    +      -       -      +
    448A  PHE*     3.0    42.2    -      -       +      +
    451A  LYS*     4.5     8.3    -      -       +      +
    452A  LEU*     5.8     1.1    -      -       +      +
    458A  ILE*     3.7    33.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLN 436 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    367A  GLY      5.1     2.0    -      -       -      +
    368A  THR*     4.2     9.6    +      -       -      +
    372A  ARG*     2.7    42.9    +      -       -      +
    432A  THR*     2.6    49.3    +      -       +      +
    433A  LEU*     3.0    21.8    -      -       +      +
    434A  GLN      2.9     0.2    +      -       -      -
    435A  ILE*     1.3    81.5    -      -       -      +
    437A  SER*     1.3    59.5    +      -       -      +
    439A  MSE      3.4     8.2    -      -       -      +
    440A  ALA*     3.0    21.1    +      -       -      -
    448A  PHE*     3.5    19.6    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with SER 437 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    433A  LEU      3.5     5.7    +      -       -      -
    434A  GLN*     2.9     8.5    +      -       -      -
    436A  GLN*     1.3    77.1    -      -       -      +
    438A  HIS*     1.3    54.1    +      -       -      +
    439A  MSE      2.6    18.1    +      -       -      -
    440A  ALA*     2.8    24.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with HIS 438 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    434A  GLN*     3.1    46.8    +      -       +      +
    435A  ILE*     4.0    10.1    -      -       -      +
    436A  GLN      3.4     0.8    -      -       -      -
    437A  SER*     1.3    74.4    -      -       -      +
    439A  MSE      1.3    52.7    +      -       -      +
    451A  LYS*     2.4    38.7    +      -       -      +
    458A  ILE*     5.1     5.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page


A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il