Contacts of the helix formed by residues 159 - 183 (chain Q) in PDB entry 1HI0


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASP 159 (chain Q).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    157Q  SER*     3.3     4.2    +      -       -      +
    158Q  ASN*     1.3    75.2    -      -       -      +
    160Q  MET*     1.3    68.5    +      -       -      +
    161Q  GLY*     2.9    16.1    +      -       -      -
    162Q  THR*     3.0    27.5    +      -       -      +
    163Q  LYS*     2.8    23.1    +      -       -      +
    541Q  LYS*     4.7     6.0    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 160 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    145Q  ILE*     3.6    28.0    -      -       +      +
    146Q  ARG      3.8     4.9    -      -       -      +
    147Q  LYS*     3.6    35.2    -      -       +      -
    148Q  GLY      6.1     0.2    -      -       -      +
    158Q  ASN      3.3     5.4    +      -       -      +
    159Q  ASP*     1.3    73.2    +      -       -      +
    161Q  GLY*     1.3    63.8    +      -       -      +
    163Q  LYS*     4.0    12.1    -      -       -      +
    164Q  ILE*     2.9    50.5    +      -       +      +
    541Q  LYS*     5.4     4.0    -      -       -      +
    647Q  HIS*     3.4    41.1    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 161 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    159Q  ASP*     2.9    14.4    +      -       -      -
    160Q  MET*     1.3    81.0    -      -       -      +
    162Q  THR*     1.3    61.0    +      -       -      +
    164Q  ILE*     3.3     7.3    +      -       -      +
    165Q  GLU*     3.2    30.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 162 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    155Q  TYR*     5.9     2.9    -      -       +      -
    157Q  SER*     3.4    25.9    +      -       -      +
    159Q  ASP*     3.0    22.9    +      -       -      +
    161Q  GLY*     1.3    72.5    -      -       -      +
    163Q  LYS*     1.3    68.6    +      -       -      +
    165Q  GLU*     3.2    14.7    +      -       +      +
    166Q  ILE*     2.8    40.5    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 163 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    145Q  ILE*     3.4    22.9    -      -       +      -
    146Q  ARG      3.5     9.7    +      -       -      -
    148Q  GLY      3.5     8.5    -      -       -      +
    149Q  SER*     3.0    40.9    +      -       -      +
    150Q  SER      5.0     0.2    -      -       -      -
    151Q  THR*     3.6    27.4    -      -       +      +
    157Q  SER*     4.3     2.5    -      -       -      +
    158Q  ASN      3.2    22.5    +      -       -      -
    159Q  ASP      2.8    18.8    +      -       -      +
    160Q  MET*     3.6    21.4    -      -       -      +
    162Q  THR*     1.3    78.1    -      -       -      +
    164Q  ILE*     1.3    63.0    +      -       -      +
    166Q  ILE*     3.1     8.2    +      -       -      +
    167Q  ALA*     2.9    23.0    +      -       -      +
    277Q  PHE*     3.8    13.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 164 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    145Q  ILE*     3.9    12.6    -      -       +      -
    160Q  MET*     2.9    44.2    +      -       +      +
    161Q  GLY*     3.5     8.1    -      -       -      +
    163Q  LYS*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
    165Q  GLU*     1.3    64.2    +      -       +      +
    167Q  ALA*     3.3     5.3    +      -       -      +
    168Q  GLU*     2.9    48.8    +      -       +      +
    647Q  HIS*     3.7    17.7    -      -       +      +
    648Q  GLY      3.5    24.9    -      -       -      +
    649Q  VAL*     4.5     5.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 165 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    161Q  GLY*     3.2    19.8    +      -       -      +
    162Q  THR*     3.2    15.7    +      -       +      +
    164Q  ILE*     1.3    80.6    -      -       +      +
    166Q  ILE*     1.3    68.0    +      -       +      +
    168Q  GLU*     3.2     7.9    +      -       -      +
    169Q  ARG*     2.8    26.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 166 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    151Q  THR*     4.0    25.6    -      -       +      +
    155Q  TYR*     3.8    34.3    -      -       +      -
    157Q  SER*     5.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    162Q  THR*     2.8    30.1    +      -       +      +
    163Q  LYS      3.3     7.4    -      -       -      +
    165Q  GLU*     1.3    76.6    -      -       +      +
    167Q  ALA*     1.3    58.2    +      -       -      +
    169Q  ARG*     3.4     6.6    +      -       -      +
    170Q  ALA*     2.9    26.7    +      -       -      +
    277Q  PHE*     3.3    29.8    -      -       +      -
    278Q  ALA*     4.4    14.7    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 167 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    143Q  LEU*     4.2    23.3    -      -       +      -
    145Q  ILE*     4.4     3.4    -      -       +      -
    163Q  LYS      2.9    14.6    +      -       -      +
    164Q  ILE      3.6     7.4    -      -       -      +
    166Q  ILE*     1.3    74.1    -      -       -      +
    168Q  GLU*     1.3    67.1    +      -       -      +
    170Q  ALA*     2.9    13.7    +      -       -      +
    171Q  LEU*     2.9    18.4    +      -       -      +
    277Q  PHE*     4.0    15.0    -      -       +      -
    281Q  ALA*     4.2    10.5    -      -       +      -
    649Q  VAL*     4.4    11.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 168 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    164Q  ILE*     2.9    38.7    +      -       +      +
    165Q  GLU*     3.7     6.4    -      -       -      +
    167Q  ALA*     1.3    72.2    -      -       -      +
    169Q  ARG*     1.3    62.4    +      -       -      +
    171Q  LEU*     3.4    10.1    +      -       -      +
    172Q  GLU*     3.1    28.2    +      -       -      +
    649Q  VAL*     3.2    32.6    -      -       +      +
    650Q  SER*     3.8     6.8    +      -       -      -
    653Q  LYS*     3.2    42.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 169 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    165Q  GLU      2.8    21.9    +      -       -      +
    166Q  ILE*     3.5     6.5    -      -       -      +
    168Q  GLU*     1.3    71.8    -      -       -      +
    170Q  ALA*     1.3    65.5    +      -       -      +
    172Q  GLU*     2.9    21.6    +      -       -      +
    173Q  LYS*     2.8    63.6    +      -       +      +
    192Q  LEU      5.3     3.2    +      -       -      -
    193Q  HIS*     4.7    12.6    +      -       +      +
    194Q  GLN*     5.8     4.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 170 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    166Q  ILE      2.9    13.8    +      -       -      +
    167Q  ALA      2.9     9.7    +      -       -      +
    169Q  ARG*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
    171Q  LEU*     1.3    58.2    +      -       -      +
    172Q  GLU      2.9     0.5    +      -       -      -
    173Q  LYS*     3.0     1.2    +      -       -      +
    174Q  ALA*     2.6    36.7    +      -       -      +
    193Q  HIS      6.0     0.2    -      -       -      -
    195Q  MET*     3.6    13.7    -      -       +      -
    278Q  ALA*     3.3    31.0    -      -       +      +
    281Q  ALA*     3.9    14.4    -      -       +      -
    282Q  PRO*     4.1     2.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 171 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    143Q  LEU*     4.7     9.9    -      -       +      -
    167Q  ALA      2.9    21.4    +      -       -      +
    168Q  GLU*     3.8    10.1    -      -       -      +
    170Q  ALA*     1.3    73.5    -      -       -      +
    172Q  GLU*     1.3    61.3    +      -       +      +
    174Q  ALA*     4.3     1.9    +      -       -      +
    175Q  GLU*     5.2     1.0    +      -       -      +
    281Q  ALA*     4.2     3.8    -      -       +      +
    282Q  PRO*     3.7    28.0    -      -       +      -
    285Q  ALA*     4.1     6.1    -      -       +      -
    649Q  VAL*     5.4     2.9    -      -       +      -
    653Q  LYS*     4.0    10.5    -      -       +      +
    654Q  THR*     3.8    40.8    -      -       +      +
    657Q  PHE*     3.2    54.1    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 172 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    168Q  GLU*     3.1    16.6    +      -       -      +
    169Q  ARG*     2.9    24.6    +      -       -      +
    171Q  LEU*     1.3    79.6    -      -       -      +
    173Q  LYS*     1.3    70.5    +      -       +      +
    174Q  ALA      3.5     0.4    +      -       -      -
    175Q  GLU*     4.8     6.4    +      -       -      +
    176Q  GLU      5.4     0.2    +      -       -      -
    653Q  LYS*     3.6    26.3    +      -       -      +
    656Q  ARG*     5.1    16.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 173 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    169Q  ARG*     2.8    57.0    +      -       +      +
    170Q  ALA      3.5     0.4    -      -       -      -
    172Q  GLU*     1.3    83.4    -      -       +      +
    174Q  ALA*     1.3    66.5    +      -       -      +
    175Q  GLU      3.2     2.2    -      -       -      -
    176Q  GLU*     3.1    36.2    +      -       +      +
    177Q  ALA*     2.9    23.0    +      -       -      +
    193Q  HIS*     3.3    27.8    -      -       +      +
    195Q  MET*     4.2     3.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 174 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    170Q  ALA      2.6    21.9    +      -       -      +
    171Q  LEU      4.4     0.9    -      -       -      +
    172Q  GLU      3.5     1.2    -      -       -      -
    173Q  LYS*     1.3    71.3    -      -       -      +
    175Q  GLU*     1.3    58.6    +      -       -      +
    177Q  ALA*     3.1     3.3    +      -       -      +
    178Q  GLY*     2.8    26.5    +      -       -      -
    195Q  MET*     3.4    15.0    -      -       +      -
    282Q  PRO*     3.8    17.9    -      -       +      -
    352Q  TRP*     3.9     2.5    -      -       +      -
    356Q  LEU*     3.7    13.6    -      -       +      +
    657Q  PHE*     3.8    27.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 175 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    171Q  LEU      5.2     0.6    +      -       -      -
    172Q  GLU      4.8     6.4    +      -       -      +
    173Q  LYS      3.2     1.0    -      -       -      -
    174Q  ALA*     1.3    79.5    -      -       -      +
    176Q  GLU*     1.3    65.0    +      -       -      +
    177Q  ALA      3.2     0.2    +      -       -      -
    178Q  GLY      3.2     1.9    +      -       -      -
    179Q  ASN*     3.1    39.5    +      -       -      +
    352Q  TRP*     3.2    53.6    +      -       +      +
    657Q  PHE*     5.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
    660Q  SER*     4.0    12.6    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 176 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    172Q  GLU      5.7     0.2    -      -       -      +
    173Q  LYS*     3.1    39.8    +      -       +      +
    175Q  GLU*     1.3    80.9    -      -       -      +
    177Q  ALA*     1.3    61.4    +      -       -      +
    179Q  ASN*     3.7     9.3    +      -       -      +
    180Q  LEU*     3.2    27.5    +      -       +      +
    192Q  LEU*     4.2    10.9    -      -       -      +
    193Q  HIS*     3.1    27.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 177 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    173Q  LYS      2.9    12.3    +      -       -      +
    174Q  ALA      3.3     8.5    -      -       -      +
    176Q  GLU*     1.3    75.8    -      -       -      +
    178Q  GLY*     1.3    65.7    +      -       -      +
    180Q  LEU*     2.9    28.8    -      -       -      +
    181Q  MET*     3.0    14.5    +      -       +      +
    189Q  ALA*     3.9     4.3    -      -       +      +
    193Q  HIS*     4.0    16.3    -      -       +      -
    195Q  MET*     3.5    30.5    -      -       +      -
    356Q  LEU*     4.4     1.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 178 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    174Q  ALA      2.8    14.0    +      -       -      -
    175Q  GLU      3.7     2.5    -      -       -      -
    177Q  ALA*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
    179Q  ASN*     1.3    56.8    +      -       -      +
    181Q  MET*     2.9     9.8    +      -       -      +
    182Q  LEU*     2.8    28.6    +      -       -      +
    352Q  TRP*     3.6    28.5    -      -       -      -
    355Q  LYS*     4.1     1.7    -      -       -      +
    356Q  LEU*     3.9    10.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 179 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    175Q  GLU*     3.1    38.9    +      -       -      +
    176Q  GLU*     4.0     7.7    -      -       -      +
    178Q  GLY*     1.3    74.0    -      -       -      +
    180Q  LEU*     1.3    64.0    +      -       -      +
    182Q  LEU*     3.1    27.2    +      -       -      +
    183Q  GLN*     3.1    25.8    +      -       +      +
    351Q  PRO*     5.7     0.3    -      -       -      +
    352Q  TRP*     3.5    18.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 180 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    176Q  GLU*     3.2    22.9    +      -       +      +
    177Q  ALA*     2.9    16.3    +      -       -      +
    179Q  ASN*     1.3    80.6    -      -       -      +
    181Q  MET*     1.3    56.3    +      -       -      +
    183Q  GLN*     3.2    18.3    +      -       -      +
    185Q  LYS*     2.9    64.9    +      -       +      +
    188Q  ASP*     4.1    12.8    -      -       +      +
    189Q  ALA*     4.0    22.9    -      -       +      +
    192Q  LEU*     4.4    12.1    -      -       +      -
    193Q  HIS*     4.3    12.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 181 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    177Q  ALA      3.0    15.2    +      -       -      +
    178Q  GLY      2.9     8.4    +      -       -      +
    180Q  LEU*     1.3    73.6    -      -       -      +
    182Q  LEU*     1.3    58.7    +      -       -      +
    183Q  GLN      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    184Q  GLY*     2.7    23.9    +      -       -      +
    185Q  LYS      4.3     3.6    -      -       -      +
    186Q  PHE*     3.5    31.8    -      -       +      -
    189Q  ALA*     3.9    11.0    -      -       +      -
    195Q  MET*     4.1    26.7    -      -       +      +
    279Q  LEU*     4.5     5.6    -      -       +      -
    355Q  LYS*     3.6    20.6    -      -       +      -
    356Q  LEU*     2.9    41.5    -      -       +      -
    359Q  THR*     3.5    29.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 182 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    178Q  GLY      2.8    14.2    +      -       -      +
    179Q  ASN*     3.1    30.0    +      -       -      +
    181Q  MET*     1.3    77.8    -      -       -      +
    183Q  GLN*     1.3    59.7    +      -       +      +
    184Q  GLY*     3.1     4.3    +      -       -      -
    351Q  PRO*     4.0    16.4    -      -       +      +
    352Q  TRP*     3.7    21.8    -      -       -      +
    355Q  LYS*     3.5    34.4    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 183 (chain Q). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    179Q  ASN*     3.1    21.4    +      -       +      +
    180Q  LEU*     3.5    26.4    -      -       -      +
    181Q  MET      3.1     0.6    -      -       -      -
    182Q  LEU*     1.3    76.2    -      -       +      +
    184Q  GLY*     1.3    62.2    +      -       -      +
    185Q  LYS*     3.2    38.2    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il