Contacts of the helix formed by residues 45 - 69 (chain A) in PDB entry 1JT0


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with THR 45 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     39A  LEU*     6.2     1.1    -      -       -      -
     40A  TYR*     3.8     6.5    -      -       -      -
     43A  PHE*     2.6    12.6    +      -       -      +
     44A  LYS*     1.3    84.8    -      -       +      +
     46A  LYS*     1.3    73.0    +      -       -      +
     47A  GLU*     3.4    20.0    +      -       +      +
     48A  ASN*     3.2    34.7    +      -       -      +
     49A  LEU*     3.0    20.4    +      -       -      +
     22F    A      2.8    29.7    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 46 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     15A  PHE*     4.2    11.5    -      -       +      -
     20A  TYR*     3.3    48.2    +      -       +      +
     21A  ASN*     3.6    11.3    +      -       -      +
     23A  THR*     2.8    29.9    +      -       -      -
     24A  THR      5.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
     25A  THR*     4.9     7.6    -      -       +      +
     28A  ILE*     5.4     4.9    -      -       +      -
     39A  LEU*     6.3     1.3    -      -       -      -
     40A  TYR*     3.9     9.5    +      -       -      +
     45A  THR*     1.3    75.4    +      -       -      +
     47A  GLU*     1.3    66.6    +      -       +      +
     49A  LEU*     3.1    14.6    +      -       +      +
     50A  PHE*     3.1    19.9    +      -       -      +
     21F    G      3.0    32.6    +      -       -      +
     22F    A      2.7    16.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 47 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     20A  TYR*     3.1    16.1    +      -       -      +
     45A  THR*     3.4    21.5    +      -       +      +
     46A  LYS*     1.3    75.1    -      -       +      +
     48A  ASN*     1.3    59.0    +      -       -      +
     50A  PHE*     2.9    18.8    +      -       -      +
     51A  LEU*     2.9    20.5    +      -       -      +
    102A  PHE*     4.3    11.2    -      -       +      -
    106A  TYR*     3.3    41.4    +      -       -      -
    112A  ILE*     3.9    22.2    -      -       +      +
     22F    A      4.9     4.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 48 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     43A  PHE*     4.3     8.9    -      -       +      +
     44A  LYS*     4.5    12.5    -      -       -      +
     45A  THR*     3.2    34.2    +      -       +      +
     47A  GLU*     1.3    77.7    -      -       -      +
     49A  LEU*     1.3    66.1    +      -       -      +
     51A  LEU*     4.1     9.7    -      -       -      +
     52A  GLU*     2.9    37.0    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 49 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      7A  ILE*     4.1     8.7    -      -       +      -
      8A  LEU*     4.0     9.4    -      -       +      -
     11A  ALA*     4.0    24.2    -      -       +      -
     15A  PHE*     4.6     6.3    -      -       +      -
     28A  ILE*     4.1    17.5    -      -       +      -
     39A  LEU*     3.7    23.1    -      -       +      -
     43A  PHE*     3.5    44.8    -      -       +      +
     45A  THR      3.0    13.3    +      -       -      +
     46A  LYS*     3.1    16.1    +      -       +      +
     48A  ASN*     1.3    76.5    -      -       -      +
     50A  PHE*     1.3    60.3    +      -       -      +
     52A  GLU*     3.6     1.0    -      -       -      +
     53A  ILE*     2.9    33.5    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 50 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     15A  PHE*     3.6    34.5    -      +       +      -
     20A  TYR*     4.0    16.4    -      +       +      -
     46A  LYS      3.1     9.9    +      -       -      +
     47A  GLU*     2.9    10.3    +      -       -      +
     49A  LEU*     1.3    75.2    -      -       -      +
     51A  LEU*     1.3    65.1    +      -       -      +
     52A  GLU      3.1     1.3    -      -       -      -
     53A  ILE*     3.0     9.7    +      -       +      +
     54A  LEU*     2.9    40.7    +      -       +      +
     95A  LEU*     4.0    22.7    -      -       +      -
     98A  ALA*     3.9    31.0    -      -       +      -
     99A  ILE*     4.1     4.5    -      -       +      -
    102A  PHE*     3.5    50.0    -      +       +      -
    116A  MET*     4.8     0.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 51 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     47A  GLU      2.9    36.6    +      -       -      +
     48A  ASN*     4.1     9.0    -      -       -      +
     50A  PHE*     1.3    70.9    -      -       -      +
     52A  GLU*     1.3    66.0    +      -       -      +
     54A  LEU*     2.9    27.9    +      -       +      +
     55A  ASN*     3.0    18.8    +      -       -      +
    102A  PHE*     3.7    21.5    -      -       +      -
    112A  ILE*     3.5    32.8    -      -       +      -
    115A  LYS*     4.6    24.2    -      -       +      +
    116A  MET*     4.2    15.9    -      -       +      -
    119A  LEU*     6.3     0.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 52 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      4A  LYS*     5.5     6.2    +      -       -      -
      8A  LEU*     4.4    13.5    -      -       +      +
     43A  PHE*     4.0    18.7    -      -       +      -
     48A  ASN*     2.9    27.1    +      -       -      +
     49A  LEU      3.6     6.1    -      -       -      +
     51A  LEU*     1.3    75.5    -      -       -      +
     53A  ILE*     1.3    66.7    +      -       -      +
     54A  LEU      2.9     1.4    +      -       -      -
     55A  ASN*     2.9    24.2    +      -       -      +
     56A  ILE*     3.1    30.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 53 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      8A  LEU*     3.7    20.6    -      -       +      +
     11A  ALA*     3.4    32.8    -      -       +      -
     12A  LYS*     3.6    27.4    -      -       +      +
     15A  PHE*     3.7    17.0    -      -       +      -
     49A  LEU*     2.9    18.8    -      -       +      +
     50A  PHE*     3.0    10.0    +      -       +      +
     52A  GLU*     1.3    79.2    -      -       -      +
     54A  LEU*     1.3    56.7    +      -       -      +
     56A  ILE*     3.5    10.4    +      -       +      +
     57A  GLU*     2.8    47.9    +      -       +      +
     95A  LEU*     4.3    12.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 54 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     50A  PHE*     2.9    41.9    +      -       +      +
     51A  LEU*     3.1    25.1    -      -       +      +
     52A  GLU      2.9     1.2    +      -       -      -
     53A  ILE*     1.3    74.0    -      -       -      +
     55A  ASN*     1.3    64.6    +      -       -      +
     57A  GLU*     3.0     5.8    +      -       +      +
     58A  GLU*     2.7    29.0    +      -       -      +
     92A  TYR*     4.6    18.7    -      -       +      -
     95A  LEU*     3.1    35.7    -      -       +      -
     99A  ILE*     4.2    10.5    -      -       +      -
    116A  MET*     4.3    15.3    -      -       +      -
    119A  LEU*     4.7    12.6    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 55 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     51A  LEU*     3.0    13.4    +      -       -      +
     52A  GLU*     2.9    20.8    +      -       -      +
     54A  LEU*     1.3    69.6    -      -       -      +
     56A  ILE*     1.3    71.7    +      -       +      +
     58A  GLU*     2.7    20.0    +      -       -      +
     59A  SER*     3.1    17.3    +      -       -      +
    115A  LYS*     3.6    30.1    +      -       -      +
    118A  LYS*     4.2    11.9    -      -       -      +
    119A  LEU*     4.5     8.5    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 56 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      8A  LEU*     5.2    17.9    -      -       +      -
     52A  GLU*     3.3    32.3    -      -       +      +
     53A  ILE*     3.6    11.0    -      -       +      +
     55A  ASN*     1.3    79.6    -      -       +      +
     57A  GLU*     1.3    62.9    +      -       -      +
     59A  SER*     3.8     4.2    +      -       -      -
     60A  LYS*     3.0    48.6    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 57 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     12A  LYS*     2.8    41.6    +      -       -      +
     53A  ILE*     2.8    33.6    +      -       +      +
     54A  LEU*     3.2    11.9    -      -       +      +
     55A  ASN      2.8     3.4    +      -       -      -
     56A  ILE*     1.3    80.1    -      -       -      +
     58A  GLU*     1.3    68.8    +      -       -      +
     60A  LYS*     3.2     5.4    +      -       -      +
     61A  TRP*     3.2    14.9    +      -       -      +
     90A  GLU      3.4     8.5    -      -       -      +
     91A  TYR*     3.5    29.5    -      -       -      +
     92A  TYR*     3.5    23.0    +      -       +      +
     94A  PRO*     5.9     0.2    -      -       -      +
     95A  LEU*     4.3    11.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 58 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     54A  LEU      2.7     7.5    +      -       -      +
     55A  ASN*     2.7    14.9    +      -       -      +
     57A  GLU*     1.3    70.0    -      -       -      +
     59A  SER*     1.3    61.1    +      -       -      +
     61A  TRP*     2.8    32.6    +      -       -      +
     62A  GLN*     2.6    35.2    +      -       +      -
     92A  TYR*     4.7     4.8    -      -       +      +
    119A  LEU*     3.3    31.2    -      -       +      -
    122A  LYS*     2.9    44.2    -      -       -      +
    123A  TYR*     4.0    10.0    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 59 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     55A  ASN*     3.1    13.4    +      -       -      +
     56A  ILE*     4.1     4.0    -      -       -      -
     58A  GLU*     1.3    78.2    -      -       -      +
     60A  LYS*     1.3    56.7    +      -       -      +
     61A  TRP      2.7    16.0    +      -       -      -
     62A  GLN*     4.0     7.1    -      -       -      +
     63A  GLU*     3.1    26.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 60 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     56A  ILE*     3.0    37.0    +      -       +      +
     57A  GLU*     3.2     4.7    +      -       -      +
     59A  SER*     1.3    75.5    -      -       -      +
     61A  TRP*     1.3    56.4    +      -       -      +
     63A  GLU*     3.6    29.3    -      -       -      +
     64A  GLN*     3.8    11.6    -      -       -      +
     91A  TYR*     3.2    48.7    -      -       +      -
    999A  SO4      3.2    20.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 61 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     57A  GLU      3.2     8.0    +      -       -      +
     58A  GLU*     2.8    14.5    +      -       -      +
     59A  SER      2.7     4.9    +      -       -      -
     60A  LYS*     1.3    74.2    -      -       -      +
     62A  GLN*     1.3    66.3    +      -       -      +
     63A  GLU      2.8     4.9    -      -       -      -
     64A  GLN*     2.6    31.8    +      -       +      +
     65A  TRP*     2.7    20.0    +      -       +      +
     82A  TYR*     3.2    39.4    +      +       -      -
     85A  LEU*     3.3    40.2    -      -       +      -
     86A  SER      4.6     2.5    -      -       -      -
     89A  THR*     2.8    40.8    -      -       +      -
     91A  TYR*     4.0    11.4    -      -       +      -
     93A  TYR*     4.6     7.0    -      +       -      -
    123A  TYR*     2.9    47.3    -      +       -      +
    126A  ALA*     6.1     0.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 62 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     58A  GLU*     2.6    56.2    +      -       -      +
     59A  SER*     4.0     8.5    -      -       -      +
     61A  TRP*     1.3    84.6    -      -       -      +
     63A  GLU*     1.3    60.8    -      -       -      +
     65A  TRP*     3.5     6.1    +      -       -      +
     66A  LYS*     3.1    27.6    +      -       +      +
    122A  LYS*     4.3    20.9    -      -       -      +
    123A  TYR*     5.1     0.4    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 63 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     59A  SER      3.1    15.4    +      -       -      +
     60A  LYS*     3.6    28.8    -      -       -      +
     62A  GLN*     1.3    80.0    -      -       -      +
     64A  GLN*     1.3    64.6    +      -       -      +
     66A  LYS*     4.2     3.6    -      -       -      +
     67A  LYS*     3.2    29.8    +      -       +      +
     91A  TYR*     6.0     0.3    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 64 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     60A  LYS      3.8    10.3    +      -       -      +
     61A  TRP*     2.6    20.9    +      -       +      +
     63A  GLU*     1.3    78.4    -      -       -      +
     65A  TRP*     1.3    58.9    +      -       -      +
     67A  LYS*     3.8     5.8    -      -       -      +
     68A  GLU*     2.9    39.6    +      -       +      +
     85A  LEU*     4.4    15.1    -      -       +      +
     88A  THR      5.9     0.2    -      -       -      -
     89A  THR*     3.2    38.5    +      -       -      +
     91A  TYR*     3.6    17.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 65 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     61A  TRP*     2.7    32.1    +      -       +      +
     62A  GLN*     3.9     7.9    -      -       +      +
     64A  GLN*     1.3    69.4    -      -       -      +
     66A  LYS*     1.3    58.0    +      -       +      +
     67A  LYS      2.9     3.8    -      -       -      -
     68A  GLU*     2.8    19.5    +      -       +      -
     69A  GLN*     2.8    54.3    +      -       +      +
     78A  LYS*     3.8    14.6    -      -       +      -
     81A  LEU*     3.4    32.5    -      -       +      -
     82A  TYR*     3.6    55.4    -      +       +      -
     85A  LEU*     4.0    15.0    -      -       +      -
    126A  ALA*     4.5    10.5    -      -       +      +
    130A  ILE*     4.0    27.4    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 66 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     62A  GLN      3.1    16.1    +      -       -      +
     63A  GLU*     4.5     4.5    -      -       -      +
     65A  TRP*     1.3    81.6    -      -       +      +
     67A  LYS*     1.3    56.2    +      -       -      +
     69A  GLN*     3.1    29.6    -      -       -      +
     70A  ILE*     3.8    12.0    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 67 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     63A  GLU*     3.2    23.8    +      -       +      +
     64A  GLN*     4.1     6.0    +      -       +      +
     65A  TRP      2.9     1.0    -      -       -      -
     66A  LYS*     1.3    77.9    -      -       -      +
     68A  GLU*     1.3    66.9    +      -       -      +
     69A  GLN      3.6     0.2    -      -       -      -
     70A  ILE*     3.8    13.6    -      -       +      +
     71A  LYS*     3.3    33.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 68 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     64A  GLN*     2.9    28.4    +      -       +      +
     65A  TRP*     2.8     5.3    +      -       +      +
     67A  LYS*     1.3    83.4    -      -       -      +
     69A  GLN*     1.3    56.9    +      -       -      +
     70A  ILE      3.1     4.9    -      -       -      -
     71A  LYS*     3.0    32.7    +      -       +      +
     81A  LEU*     3.7    23.3    -      -       +      +
     85A  LEU*     4.0    28.7    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 69 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     65A  TRP*     2.8    60.3    +      -       +      +
     66A  LYS*     3.1    42.1    -      -       -      +
     68A  GLU*     1.3    70.4    -      -       -      +
     70A  ILE*     1.3    68.5    +      -       +      +
     71A  LYS      3.3     0.4    -      -       -      -
     72A  ALA*     3.0     9.1    +      -       -      +
     78A  LYS*     2.8    51.5    +      -       -      +
     81A  LEU*     4.1     4.9    -      -       -      -
    130A  ILE*     5.2     1.6    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il