Contacts of the helix formed by residues 55 - 81 (chain S) in PDB entry 1KYO


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with GLN 55 (chain S).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    102N  TYR*     4.0     9.9    +      -       -      -
    323N  LYS*     2.9    44.4    +      -       -      +
    327N  PHE*     5.1     8.1    -      -       -      -
     51S  ARG      5.4     3.6    -      -       -      +
     52S  PHE*     4.1    25.8    -      -       +      +
     53S  LYS      4.1     0.6    -      -       -      +
     54S  SER*     1.3    86.8    -      -       -      +
     56S  PHE*     1.3    65.0    +      -       -      +
     58S  TYR*     2.7    35.1    +      -       -      +
     59S  VAL*     3.4     9.5    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 56 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     52S  PHE*     3.1    41.9    +      -       +      +
     53S  LYS*     3.0    26.5    -      -       +      -
     54S  SER      3.2     1.0    +      -       -      -
     55S  GLN*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
     57S  LEU*     1.3    96.7    +      -       +      +
     59S  VAL*     3.2     2.8    +      -       -      +
     60S  LEU*     2.8    58.6    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 57 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    324N  PHE*     5.3     1.2    -      -       -      -
     53S  LYS      5.6     0.7    -      -       -      +
     54S  SER      3.7     7.3    +      -       -      +
     55S  GLN      3.0     1.6    +      -       -      -
     56S  PHE*     1.3   114.2    -      -       +      +
     58S  TYR*     1.3    64.2    +      -       +      +
     60S  LEU*     4.4     3.8    -      -       +      -
     61S  ILE*     3.4    49.9    +      -       +      +
     62S  PRO*     4.0     0.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 58 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    320N  VAL*     3.2    56.2    -      -       +      +
    323N  LYS*     3.9    36.8    +      -       +      +
    324N  PHE*     3.9    19.9    -      +       +      +
    327N  PHE*     3.5    25.5    -      -       +      +
     35R  LEU*     4.3    15.3    +      -       -      +
     54S  SER*     4.0    12.1    -      -       -      -
     55S  GLN*     2.7    32.0    +      -       -      +
     57S  LEU*     1.3    75.9    -      -       +      +
     59S  VAL*     1.3    58.9    +      -       -      +
     62S  PRO*     3.1    24.0    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 59 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    327N  PHE*     4.0    35.2    -      -       +      -
    331N  PHE*     3.6    26.6    -      -       +      -
     52S  PHE*     4.0    29.4    -      -       +      -
     55S  GLN*     3.8    15.0    -      -       +      +
     56S  PHE      3.2     3.5    +      -       -      +
     58S  TYR*     1.3    79.6    -      -       -      +
     60S  LEU*     1.3    63.7    +      -       +      +
     61S  ILE      3.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
     62S  PRO*     3.1     4.9    -      -       -      +
     63S  ALA*     2.9    29.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 60 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     52S  PHE*     5.8     7.0    -      -       +      -
     56S  PHE*     2.8    51.6    +      -       +      +
     57S  LEU*     4.4     4.3    -      -       +      -
     59S  VAL*     1.3    77.7    -      -       +      +
     61S  ILE*     1.3    52.9    +      -       +      +
     63S  ALA*     3.2     8.7    +      -       +      +
     64S  GLY*     2.5    36.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 61 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    324N  PHE*     4.0    22.7    -      -       +      -
     57S  LEU*     3.4    34.8    +      -       +      +
     60S  LEU*     1.3    75.8    -      -       +      +
     62S  PRO*     1.3    67.9    -      -       +      +
     64S  GLY*     2.9     2.9    +      -       -      -
     65S  ILE*     2.7    49.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PRO 62 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    324N  PHE*     4.0    17.0    -      -       +      +
    327N  PHE*     3.9     6.3    -      -       +      -
    328N  ILE*     3.8    43.5    -      -       +      +
    331N  PHE*     3.9    12.3    -      -       +      -
     57S  LEU      4.0     0.4    -      -       -      +
     58S  TYR      3.1    23.8    -      -       -      +
     59S  VAL      3.1    15.3    -      -       -      +
     61S  ILE*     1.3    90.0    -      -       +      +
     63S  ALA*     1.3    62.1    +      -       -      +
     65S  ILE*     3.7     3.0    -      -       +      +
     66S  TYR*     3.0    29.3    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 63 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    331N  PHE*     3.6    34.6    -      -       +      -
     59S  VAL*     2.9    18.4    +      -       +      +
     60S  LEU*     3.5    12.1    -      -       +      +
     62S  PRO*     1.3    76.0    -      -       -      +
     64S  GLY*     1.3    57.4    +      -       -      +
     66S  TYR*     3.4     1.7    +      -       -      +
     67S  TRP*     2.8    32.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 64 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     60S  LEU*     2.5    22.3    +      -       -      +
     61S  ILE*     2.9     5.7    +      -       -      -
     63S  ALA*     1.3    70.3    -      -       -      +
     65S  ILE*     1.3    65.0    +      -       -      -
     66S  TYR      3.0     0.3    +      -       -      -
     67S  TRP*     3.1     6.8    +      -       -      +
     68S  TYR*     3.0    29.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 65 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    324N  PHE*     4.6     6.3    -      -       +      -
    328N  ILE*     4.4    19.7    -      -       +      -
     61S  ILE*     2.7    39.9    +      -       +      +
     62S  PRO*     3.7     3.8    -      -       +      +
     64S  GLY*     1.3    69.1    -      -       -      +
     66S  TYR*     1.3    71.0    +      -       +      +
     68S  TYR*     3.9     4.8    -      -       -      +
     69S  TRP*     3.2    28.0    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 66 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    328N  ILE*     3.6    34.2    +      -       +      +
    331N  PHE*     3.9    22.4    -      -       +      +
    332N  ASN*     2.6    47.1    +      -       +      +
    335N  LEU*     3.9    25.2    -      -       +      +
    358N  ILE*     3.3    16.1    -      -       -      +
     62S  PRO*     3.0    26.4    +      -       +      +
     63S  ALA      3.9     2.5    -      -       -      +
     65S  ILE*     1.3    83.6    -      -       +      +
     67S  TRP*     1.3    63.9    +      -       -      +
     69S  TRP*     3.3    30.6    +      +       -      +
     70S  TRP*     3.0    24.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 67 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     63S  ALA      2.8    21.6    +      -       -      +
     64S  GLY*     3.9     4.0    -      -       -      +
     66S  TYR*     1.3    73.7    -      -       -      +
     68S  TYR*     1.3    88.0    +      +       -      +
     70S  TRP*     3.9    14.3    -      +       -      +
     71S  LYS*     3.1    66.4    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 68 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     64S  GLY*     3.0    17.5    +      -       -      +
     65S  ILE*     3.9     6.1    -      -       -      +
     67S  TRP*     1.3    99.6    -      +       -      +
     69S  TRP*     1.3    55.8    +      -       -      +
     71S  LYS*     3.9     5.7    -      -       -      +
     72S  ASN*     2.8    51.7    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 69 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    332N  ASN*     4.6     0.9    -      -       -      -
    335N  LEU*     4.5    10.3    -      -       +      -
    351N  MET*     3.6    47.3    -      -       +      +
    354N  ILE*     3.5    44.2    -      -       +      +
    355N  ALA      4.4     3.6    -      -       -      -
    358N  ILE*     4.5     5.8    -      -       +      -
     65S  ILE*     3.2    20.1    +      -       +      +
     66S  TYR*     3.5    45.1    -      +       -      +
     68S  TYR*     1.3    80.7    -      -       -      +
     70S  TRP*     1.3    62.7    +      -       -      +
     72S  ASN*     3.8     4.1    -      -       +      +
     73S  GLY*     3.2    17.4    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 70 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    335N  LEU*     3.9    26.2    -      -       +      +
    338N  GLN*     3.6    31.7    +      -       +      +
    339N  ILE*     3.9     7.0    -      -       +      -
    342N  CYS*     3.1    32.1    -      -       -      -
    348N  TYR*     3.5    24.2    -      +       -      -
    351N  MET*     3.8    13.6    -      -       +      +
     66S  TYR      3.0    16.3    +      -       -      +
     67S  TRP*     3.9    16.6    -      +       -      +
     69S  TRP*     1.3    76.5    -      -       -      +
     71S  LYS*     1.3    83.2    +      -       +      +
     72S  ASN      3.1     0.2    +      -       -      -
     73S  GLY*     3.9     0.3    -      -       -      -
     74S  ASN*     2.8    54.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 71 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     67S  TRP*     3.1    61.9    +      -       +      +
     68S  TYR*     3.9     7.0    -      -       -      +
     70S  TRP*     1.3    83.5    -      -       +      +
     72S  ASN*     1.3    65.9    +      -       -      +
     74S  ASN*     3.3     8.9    +      -       -      +
     75S  GLU*     3.1    51.2    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 72 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     68S  TYR*     2.8    35.2    +      -       +      +
     69S  TRP*     3.8     6.3    -      -       +      +
     71S  LYS*     1.3    75.7    -      -       -      +
     73S  GLY*     1.3    59.8    +      -       -      +
     75S  GLU*     2.9    34.0    +      -       -      +
     76S  TYR*     3.3     9.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 73 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    347N  PRO*     3.3    36.4    -      -       -      +
    348N  TYR*     4.5     4.0    -      -       -      -
    351N  MET*     4.6     8.1    -      -       -      -
     69S  TRP*     3.2    12.9    +      -       -      -
     70S  TRP      3.8     1.6    -      -       -      -
     72S  ASN*     1.3    79.9    +      -       -      +
     74S  ASN*     1.3    59.9    +      -       -      +
     75S  GLU      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     76S  TYR*     3.4     9.4    +      -       -      +
     77S  ASN      3.3     6.4    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 74 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    348N  TYR*     3.0    25.0    +      -       -      +
     70S  TRP*     2.8    52.4    +      -       +      +
     71S  LYS*     3.3    11.4    +      -       -      +
     73S  GLY*     1.3    75.9    -      -       -      +
     75S  GLU*     1.3    68.4    +      -       -      +
     77S  ASN*     3.4     5.0    +      -       -      +
     78S  GLU*     3.3    26.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 75 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     71S  LYS*     3.1    46.7    +      -       +      +
     72S  ASN*     2.9    16.1    +      -       -      +
     74S  ASN*     1.3    80.2    -      -       -      +
     76S  TYR*     1.3    60.3    +      -       -      +
     78S  GLU*     3.2    16.3    +      -       -      +
     79S  PHE*     2.9    28.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 76 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    346N  VAL*     4.1    11.0    -      -       +      -
    347N  PRO*     4.0    17.7    -      -       +      -
     72S  ASN*     3.3     5.2    +      -       -      +
     73S  GLY*     3.5    16.4    -      -       -      +
     74S  ASN      3.3     0.6    -      -       -      -
     75S  GLU*     1.3    76.8    -      -       -      +
     77S  ASN*     1.3    63.3    +      -       -      +
     79S  PHE*     3.4    12.5    +      +       +      +
     80S  LEU*     3.0    64.7    +      -       +      +
     88S  GLU*     3.8    17.7    -      -       +      -
     92S  VAL*     3.5    28.8    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 77 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    343N  HIS*     5.8     1.0    -      -       -      -
    345N  GLU*     3.2    36.4    +      -       -      +
    347N  PRO*     3.8    16.9    -      -       +      +
    348N  TYR*     3.5    39.5    +      -       +      +
     62O  MET      4.1     7.1    +      -       -      -
     73S  GLY      3.3     4.0    +      -       -      -
     74S  ASN      3.5     3.1    -      -       -      +
     75S  GLU      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
     76S  TYR*     1.3    77.1    -      -       -      +
     78S  GLU*     1.3    67.3    +      -       -      +
     80S  LEU*     3.0     5.3    +      -       -      -
     81S  TYR*     3.0    46.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 78 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     74S  ASN*     3.3    16.0    +      -       -      +
     75S  GLU*     3.2    18.1    +      -       -      +
     77S  ASN*     1.3    83.1    +      -       -      +
     79S  PHE*     1.3    64.2    +      -       -      +
     81S  TYR*     3.4    16.2    +      -       -      +
     82S  SER*     3.8     6.1    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 79 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     75S  GLU      2.9    15.2    +      -       -      +
     76S  TYR*     3.7    13.5    -      +       +      +
     78S  GLU*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
     80S  LEU*     1.3    77.1    +      -       +      +
     81S  TYR      2.9     0.7    +      -       -      -
     82S  SER*     2.5    28.1    +      -       -      +
     84S  ALA*     3.5    42.6    -      -       +      -
     85S  GLY*     3.5    13.6    +      -       -      -
     88S  GLU*     3.8    28.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 80 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    346N  VAL*     3.7    26.5    -      -       +      -
    347N  PRO*     4.5     2.9    -      -       +      -
     76S  TYR*     3.0    58.7    +      -       +      +
     77S  ASN      3.0     4.5    +      -       -      +
     79S  PHE*     1.3    82.5    -      -       +      +
     81S  TYR*     1.3    63.0    +      -       +      +
     82S  SER      3.3     4.5    +      -       -      +
     85S  GLY      3.4    10.6    -      -       -      +
     86S  ARG*     4.2     1.6    +      -       -      -
     88S  GLU*     3.4    34.1    -      -       +      -
     89S  LEU*     3.3    39.3    -      -       +      +
     92S  VAL*     3.8     9.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 81 (chain S). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    345N  GLU*     3.6    33.3    +      -       +      +
    346N  VAL*     4.3     4.3    -      -       +      +
     62O  MET*     3.7    32.5    -      -       -      +
     63O  THR*     3.9    31.3    -      -       +      +
     64O  ALA*     4.3     5.9    +      -       -      +
     66O  GLU*     5.6     0.9    -      -       -      -
    125Q  GLU*     4.9     0.7    -      -       -      +
     77S  ASN*     3.0    43.4    +      -       -      +
     78S  GLU*     3.7     6.1    -      -       -      +
     79S  PHE      2.9     0.4    +      -       -      -
     80S  LEU*     1.3    82.7    -      -       +      +
     82S  SER*     1.3    58.8    +      -       -      +
     89S  LEU*     3.8    28.6    -      -       +      +
     93S  ASN*     3.6    21.6    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il