Contacts of the helix formed by residues 169 - 193 (chain E) in PDB entry 1KYZ


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASP 169 (chain E).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    135E  VAL*     3.8     6.9    -      -       -      +
    165E  TYR*     2.7    45.9    +      -       +      +
    166E  HIS*     2.9    11.8    +      -       -      +
    167E  GLY      3.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
    168E  THR*     1.3    81.4    -      -       -      +
    170E  PRO*     1.3    62.3    -      -       -      +
    171E  ARG*     3.3    17.7    +      -       -      +
    172E  PHE*     2.9    28.9    +      -       +      +
    173E  ASN      3.0    16.8    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PRO 170 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    166E  HIS      4.0     1.3    -      -       -      +
    167E  GLY      4.7     4.7    -      -       -      +
    168E  THR      3.8     7.6    -      -       -      +
    169E  ASP*     1.3    83.3    -      -       -      +
    171E  ARG*     1.3    66.9    +      -       -      +
    173E  ASN*     3.6     9.5    +      -       +      +
    174E  LYS*     3.1    27.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 171 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    133E  ASP*     2.8    42.6    +      -       -      -
    134E  LYS*     4.2    20.6    -      -       -      +
    135E  VAL*     3.7    17.0    -      -       -      +
    169E  ASP*     3.3    14.2    +      -       -      +
    170E  PRO*     1.3    82.0    -      -       -      +
    172E  PHE*     1.3    69.9    +      -       -      +
    174E  LYS*     3.3     9.0    +      -       -      +
    175E  VAL*     3.2    35.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 172 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    130E  MET*     4.8     2.9    -      -       +      -
    133E  ASP*     3.6    25.6    -      -       +      -
    135E  VAL*     3.8    17.7    -      -       +      -
    136E  LEU*     3.8    34.1    -      -       +      -
    154E  PHE*     5.9     0.9    -      +       -      -
    165E  TYR*     4.1    17.3    -      +       -      -
    166E  HIS*     3.8    31.4    -      +       -      -
    169E  ASP*     2.9    29.5    +      -       -      +
    171E  ARG*     1.3    85.0    -      -       -      +
    173E  ASN*     1.3    59.5    +      -       -      +
    175E  VAL*     2.9     7.1    +      -       +      +
    176E  PHE*     2.8    49.8    +      +       +      +
   1698E  FER      3.8    14.1    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 173 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    166E  HIS*     3.2    44.4    -      -       +      +
    169E  ASP      3.0    13.2    +      -       -      +
    170E  PRO*     3.6    13.1    +      -       +      +
    171E  ARG      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    172E  PHE*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
    174E  LYS*     1.3    59.1    +      -       -      +
    176E  PHE*     3.4     1.4    +      -       -      +
    177E  ASN*     2.9    63.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 174 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    170E  PRO      3.1    15.3    +      -       -      +
    171E  ARG*     3.5    11.4    -      -       -      +
    173E  ASN*     1.3    78.4    -      -       -      +
    175E  VAL*     1.3    65.7    +      -       +      +
    177E  ASN*     3.5     5.4    +      -       -      +
    178E  LYS*     3.1    25.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 175 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    126E  ALA      4.7     1.0    -      -       -      +
    129E  LEU*     3.7    18.4    -      -       +      +
    130E  MET*     3.7    30.3    -      -       +      +
    133E  ASP*     4.5     8.7    -      -       +      +
    171E  ARG*     3.5    33.0    -      -       +      +
    172E  PHE*     2.9    12.0    +      -       +      +
    174E  LYS*     1.3    78.2    -      -       +      +
    176E  PHE*     1.3    63.7    +      -       -      +
    178E  LYS*     3.7     5.1    -      -       -      +
    179E  GLY*     3.1    19.6    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 176 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    130E  MET*     3.7    29.7    -      -       +      +
    136E  LEU*     5.0     0.9    -      -       +      -
    166E  HIS*     3.4    29.2    -      +       -      +
    172E  PHE*     2.8    38.0    +      +       +      +
    173E  ASN      3.6     4.5    -      -       -      +
    175E  VAL*     1.3    73.3    -      -       -      +
    177E  ASN*     1.3    75.4    +      -       -      +
    179E  GLY      3.3     1.7    +      -       -      -
    180E  MET*     3.0    47.8    +      -       +      +
   1697E  SAH      6.2     3.4    -      -       -      -
   1698E  FER      3.5    45.5    -      +       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 177 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    166E  HIS*     5.3     0.5    -      -       -      -
    173E  ASN*     2.9    48.0    +      -       -      +
    174E  LYS*     3.9     6.2    -      -       -      +
    176E  PHE*     1.3    88.6    -      -       -      +
    178E  LYS*     1.3    54.6    +      -       -      +
    180E  MET*     4.1     3.0    -      -       -      +
    181E  SER*     2.7    40.8    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 178 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    117E  LYS*     5.6     8.7    -      -       -      +
    120E  ASP      5.8     0.2    +      -       -      -
    121E  GLY      3.5    19.1    +      -       -      -
    122E  VAL*     5.0     1.4    -      -       -      +
    126E  ALA*     3.9    14.8    -      -       +      -
    129E  LEU*     6.4     0.9    -      -       +      -
    174E  LYS*     3.1    19.7    +      -       +      +
    175E  VAL*     3.7     6.3    -      -       -      +
    177E  ASN*     1.3    75.8    -      -       -      +
    179E  GLY*     1.3    56.8    +      -       -      +
    181E  SER*     4.2     5.4    -      -       -      +
    182E  ASP*     3.0    60.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 179 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    126E  ALA*     3.7    22.8    -      -       -      +
    127E  LEU*     2.9    31.7    -      -       -      +
    130E  MET*     4.5     2.9    -      -       -      -
    175E  VAL      3.1    12.5    +      -       -      -
    176E  PHE      3.8     2.7    -      -       -      -
    178E  LYS*     1.3    79.0    -      -       -      +
    180E  MET*     1.3    61.0    +      -       -      +
    182E  ASP*     4.0     1.7    -      -       -      +
    183E  HIS      3.1    15.4    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 180 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    127E  LEU*     4.8     3.8    -      -       -      -
    130E  MET*     3.9    24.4    -      -       -      -
    176E  PHE*     3.0    49.5    +      -       +      +
    177E  ASN*     4.1     3.1    -      -       -      +
    179E  GLY*     1.3    75.5    -      -       -      +
    181E  SER*     1.3    58.3    +      -       -      +
    183E  HIS*     3.6     9.2    +      -       -      +
    184E  SER*     3.0    30.5    +      -       -      -
    266E  TRP*     4.2    29.1    -      -       +      -
    269E  HIS*     5.7     5.6    -      -       +      +
    270E  ASP*     6.1     1.3    -      -       -      +
   1697E  SAH      4.8    20.0    -      -       +      +
   1698E  FER      4.6    17.7    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 181 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    177E  ASN*     2.7    25.9    +      -       -      -
    178E  LYS*     3.8     6.7    -      -       -      +
    180E  MET*     1.3    71.5    -      -       -      +
    182E  ASP*     1.3    69.4    +      -       -      +
    184E  SER*     3.4     6.7    +      -       -      -
    185E  THR*     3.1    29.6    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 182 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    117E  LYS*     5.7     0.9    -      -       -      +
    121E  GLY      3.8     1.2    -      -       -      +
    122E  VAL*     3.2    39.8    -      -       +      +
    123E  SER*     2.9    37.4    +      -       -      +
    126E  ALA*     4.1     7.2    -      -       +      +
    178E  LYS*     3.0    52.8    +      -       -      +
    179E  GLY      4.0     2.7    -      -       -      +
    181E  SER*     1.3    80.9    +      -       -      +
    183E  HIS*     1.3    62.6    +      -       -      +
    185E  THR*     3.4     1.9    +      -       -      -
    186E  ILE*     3.2    17.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 183 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     20A  ASN*     5.9     1.9    +      -       -      -
     24A  MET*     3.6    28.4    -      -       +      +
    123E  SER      4.8     0.2    +      -       -      -
    124E  ILE*     4.0    25.3    -      -       +      +
    127E  LEU*     3.8    18.3    -      -       +      +
    179E  GLY      3.1    16.7    +      -       -      +
    180E  MET*     3.7    10.9    -      -       -      +
    182E  ASP*     1.3    80.7    -      -       -      +
    184E  SER*     1.3    61.7    +      -       -      +
    186E  ILE*     3.4     2.1    +      -       +      +
    187E  THR*     3.0    35.0    +      -       -      -
    266E  TRP*     3.3    30.9    -      +       -      -
    316E  ILE*     6.5     0.7    -      -       +      -
    354E  PHE      5.6     2.6    +      -       -      -
    356E  THR*     5.3     2.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 184 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    180E  MET      3.0    18.8    +      -       -      -
    181E  SER*     3.6     7.2    -      -       -      -
    182E  ASP      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    183E  HIS*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
    185E  THR*     1.3    51.4    +      -       -      +
    187E  THR*     3.4     0.9    +      -       -      -
    188E  MET*     2.8    39.2    +      -       -      +
    213E  ALA*     5.7     2.6    -      -       -      +
    214E  VAL*     3.4    19.2    -      -       -      +
    265E  LYS*     2.8    25.1    +      -       -      +
    266E  TRP*     3.7    14.1    -      -       -      -
   1697E  SAH      3.9     7.5    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 185 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    119E  GLU*     2.8    35.2    -      -       +      +
    122E  VAL*     4.3    15.2    -      -       +      +
    181E  SER*     3.1    16.3    +      -       -      -
    182E  ASP*     3.6     8.8    -      -       -      -
    183E  HIS      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    184E  SER*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
    186E  ILE*     1.3    59.9    -      -       -      +
    188E  MET*     3.9     4.1    -      -       -      +
    189E  LYS*     3.1    24.7    +      -       +      +
    213E  ALA*     5.6     5.5    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 186 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     20A  ASN*     4.1     5.4    -      -       -      +
    114E  TYR*     3.8    22.7    -      -       +      -
    119E  GLU*     3.3    27.3    -      -       -      +
    122E  VAL*     3.6    15.3    -      -       +      +
    123E  SER*     3.8    25.1    -      -       -      -
    124E  ILE*     3.9    16.8    -      -       +      +
    182E  ASP      3.2    18.5    +      -       -      +
    183E  HIS*     3.8     4.3    -      -       +      +
    185E  THR*     1.3    75.2    -      -       -      +
    187E  THR*     1.3    62.4    +      -       -      +
    189E  LYS*     3.7     2.8    +      -       -      +
    190E  LYS*     3.4    21.0    +      -       -      +
    354E  PHE*     3.8    24.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 187 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    183E  HIS*     3.0    35.5    +      -       -      -
    184E  SER      4.0     2.2    -      -       -      -
    186E  ILE*     1.3    74.7    -      -       -      +
    188E  MET*     1.3    62.0    +      -       -      +
    190E  LYS*     3.4     6.9    +      -       -      +
    191E  ILE*     2.9    44.1    +      -       +      +
    265E  LYS*     4.4     4.5    -      -       -      -
    266E  TRP*     4.2    13.0    -      -       +      -
    353E  ALA      4.1     6.7    -      -       -      +
    354E  PHE*     4.6    14.2    +      -       -      +
    356E  THR*     3.7    26.6    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 188 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    184E  SER      2.8    22.4    +      -       -      +
    185E  THR*     3.9     4.9    -      -       -      +
    187E  THR*     1.3    71.2    -      -       -      +
    189E  LYS*     1.3    65.3    +      -       -      +
    191E  ILE*     3.2    12.7    +      -       +      +
    192E  LEU*     3.0    55.7    +      -       +      +
    198E  PHE*     3.8    11.2    -      -       +      -
    214E  VAL*     3.8    27.6    -      -       +      -
    217E  THR*     4.4    21.5    -      -       +      +
    218E  ILE*     3.9     9.6    -      -       +      -
    263E  PHE*     3.8    30.7    -      -       +      -
    265E  LYS*     4.1    12.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 189 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    119E  GLU*     3.6    26.2    -      -       +      +
    185E  THR*     3.1    17.1    +      -       +      +
    186E  ILE      3.9     4.5    -      -       -      +
    188E  MET*     1.3    78.3    -      -       -      +
    190E  LYS*     1.3    64.0    +      -       -      +
    192E  LEU*     3.3     9.2    +      -       -      +
    193E  GLU*     3.0    45.6    +      -       +      +
    217E  THR*     5.5     3.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 190 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     16A  ASP*     4.8     5.5    -      -       -      +
     17A  GLU*     3.4    20.2    +      -       -      -
    186E  ILE      3.4    12.0    +      -       -      +
    187E  THR      3.7     7.4    -      -       -      +
    188E  MET      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    189E  LYS*     1.3    79.4    -      -       -      +
    191E  ILE*     1.3    61.9    +      -       -      +
    193E  GLU*     3.2    34.0    +      -       -      +
    194E  THR*     3.7    19.5    +      -       +      -
    352E  ASN      5.6     0.7    -      -       -      +
    353E  ALA*     3.3    25.4    -      -       +      -
    354E  PHE*     3.2    50.4    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 191 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    187E  THR*     2.9    35.3    +      -       +      +
    188E  MET*     3.2    33.8    +      -       +      +
    190E  LYS*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
    192E  LEU*     1.3    61.0    +      -       +      +
    194E  THR*     3.0     6.0    +      -       -      -
    195E  TYR*     2.8    49.1    +      -       +      +
    198E  PHE*     4.7     1.6    -      -       +      -
    263E  PHE*     4.7     0.9    -      -       +      -
    265E  LYS*     4.7     2.7    -      -       +      -
    296E  ALA*     4.4    11.9    -      -       +      -
    353E  ALA*     3.4    20.9    -      -       +      -
    356E  THR*     4.5     3.6    -      -       +      -
    358E  ILE*     3.5    32.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 192 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    188E  MET*     3.0    42.6    +      -       +      +
    189E  LYS*     3.7     7.0    -      -       -      +
    191E  ILE*     1.3    77.5    -      -       +      +
    193E  GLU*     1.3    60.8    +      -       +      +
    194E  THR      3.2     1.0    +      -       -      -
    195E  TYR      4.1    11.7    -      -       -      +
    198E  PHE*     3.6    24.7    -      -       +      -
    217E  THR*     3.4    44.2    -      -       +      +
    218E  ILE*     4.4     5.2    -      -       +      -
    221E  LYS*     3.7    45.2    +      -       +      +
    222E  TYR*     4.9     2.0    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 193 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    189E  LYS*     3.0    38.4    -      -       +      +
    190E  LYS*     3.6    32.5    -      -       +      +
    191E  ILE      3.1     1.2    -      -       -      -
    192E  LEU*     1.3    78.4    -      -       +      +
    194E  THR*     1.3    64.8    +      -       +      +
    221E  LYS*     5.7     0.4    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il