Contacts of the helix formed by residues 47 - 76 (chain B) in PDB entry 1O9R
Residue contacts within the protein are
derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A.,
Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated
analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins.
Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A
short description of the analytical approach
is given at the end of the page.
Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue
codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify
and analyse, use LPC software
Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/- - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
* - indicates residues forming contacts by their side chain
(including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with GLN 47 (chain B).
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
45B GLY 3.1 1.6 + - - -
46B PRO* 1.4 78.1 - - - +
48B PHE* 1.3 66.2 + - - +
49B ILE* 3.2 2.3 + - - -
50B ALA* 3.5 20.9 + - + +
51B VAL* 3.1 35.9 + - + +
103B ILE* 3.6 18.0 - - + +
107B LEU* 5.2 1.6 - - - +
157B HIS* 2.9 36.6 + - - +
47C GLN* 4.8 6.3 - - + -
50C ALA* 6.1 1.3 - - + -
157C HIS* 4.8 0.2 - - - -
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Residues in contact with PHE 48 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
40B HIS 4.5 1.6 - - - -
41B TRP 5.1 0.2 - - - -
43B LEU* 3.3 37.7 - - + +
45B GLY 3.0 18.1 + - - +
46B PRO 3.2 3.0 + - - -
47B GLN* 1.3 76.7 - - - +
49B ILE* 1.3 68.7 + - + +
51B VAL* 3.9 0.2 - - - -
52B HIS* 2.8 66.4 + + + +
103B ILE* 3.5 8.5 - - + +
152C TRP* 3.9 17.3 - + - -
153C PHE* 3.5 43.5 - + - -
156C ALA* 3.6 17.7 - - + +
157C HIS* 3.8 22.8 - + + +
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Residues in contact with ILE 49 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
47B GLN 3.4 0.8 - - - -
48B PHE* 1.3 86.2 - - + +
50B ALA* 1.3 61.7 + - - +
52B HIS* 3.4 3.2 + - + +
53B GLU* 2.9 59.0 + - + +
50C ALA* 3.6 37.2 - - + +
54C LEU* 4.1 18.2 - - + -
153C PHE* 3.5 41.1 - - + -
157C HIS* 3.4 24.2 + - + +
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Residues in contact with ALA 50 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
47B GLN* 3.5 25.8 + - + +
48B PHE 3.4 0.4 - - - -
49B ILE* 1.3 84.3 - - - +
51B VAL* 1.3 62.4 + - - +
53B GLU* 3.5 5.1 + - - +
54B LEU* 3.0 24.9 + - - +
157B HIS* 5.9 1.1 - - + -
50C ALA* 4.4 15.2 - - + +
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Residues in contact with VAL 51 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
43B LEU* 3.7 23.1 - - + -
47B GLN* 3.1 47.2 + - + +
50B ALA* 1.3 74.5 - - - +
52B HIS* 1.4 66.9 + - - +
54B LEU* 3.3 9.1 + - + +
55B LEU* 3.1 37.3 + - + +
103B ILE* 4.3 12.3 - - + -
107B LEU* 4.5 19.1 - - + -
110B LEU* 5.8 0.9 - - + -
154B LEU* 5.9 1.3 - - + -
157B HIS* 4.1 12.6 - - + +
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Residues in contact with HIS 52 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
71A GLU* 4.8 0.2 + - - -
1163A FE 4.2 7.4 - - - -
40B HIS* 2.7 86.2 + + - -
41B TRP* 4.7 0.4 - + - -
43B LEU* 3.3 12.1 - - + +
48B PHE* 2.8 41.6 + + + +
49B ILE* 3.6 8.7 - - + +
51B VAL* 1.4 74.8 - - - +
53B GLU* 1.4 67.7 - - + +
55B LEU* 3.5 6.7 + - - +
56B ASP* 3.5 1.8 + - - -
152C TRP* 3.8 24.4 - + - -
153C PHE* 3.8 27.9 - + - -
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Residues in contact with GLU 53 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
49B ILE* 2.9 47.1 + - + +
50B ALA* 4.1 4.1 - - - +
52B HIS* 1.4 82.5 - - + +
54B LEU* 1.3 65.1 + - - +
56B ASP* 3.1 19.1 + - - +
57B THR* 3.4 12.6 + - - -
54C LEU* 5.2 3.3 - - - +
153C PHE* 5.3 1.7 - - - -
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Residues in contact with LEU 54 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
50B ALA 3.0 18.9 + - - +
51B VAL* 3.7 10.5 - - + +
53B GLU* 1.3 74.2 - - - +
55B LEU* 1.3 64.6 + - + +
57B THR* 3.0 25.8 + - + +
58B PHE* 3.1 48.4 + - + -
153B PHE* 3.9 26.2 - - + +
154B LEU* 5.3 4.3 - - + -
157B HIS* 4.2 23.3 - - + +
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Residues in contact with LEU 55 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
36B THR* 3.2 29.0 - - + +
37B LYS* 6.3 0.2 - - - -
39B ALA* 4.0 10.8 - - + -
40B HIS* 3.8 34.8 - - + +
43B LEU* 4.2 5.4 - - + -
51B VAL* 3.1 34.8 + - + +
52B HIS 3.8 5.4 - - - +
53B GLU 3.2 0.4 - - - -
54B LEU* 1.3 78.2 - - + +
56B ASP* 1.3 58.4 + - - +
58B PHE* 3.3 26.5 + - + -
59B ARG* 3.0 24.3 + - - +
110B LEU* 3.9 24.0 - - + -
114B TYR* 5.0 0.9 - - + +
154B LEU* 4.4 6.5 - - + -
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Residues in contact with ASP 56 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
1163A FE 4.1 5.5 - - - -
37B LYS* 2.6 36.1 + - - +
40B HIS* 3.0 31.7 + - - -
52B HIS* 3.5 2.5 + - - +
53B GLU* 3.1 15.1 + - - +
55B LEU* 1.3 76.3 - - - +
57B THR* 1.4 65.1 + - - +
59B ARG* 3.3 5.6 + - - +
60B THR* 3.1 25.2 + - - -
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Residues in contact with THR 57 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
53B GLU 3.4 8.5 + - - -
54B LEU* 3.0 18.9 + - + +
56B ASP* 1.4 78.2 - - - +
58B PHE* 1.3 67.4 + - + +
60B THR* 3.3 7.7 + - - -
61B GLN* 3.1 42.3 + - + +
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Residues in contact with PHE 58 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
36B THR* 4.3 0.7 - - + -
54B LEU* 3.1 49.0 + - + -
55B LEU* 3.6 21.3 - - + +
56B ASP 3.3 0.2 - - - -
57B THR* 1.3 82.1 - - + +
59B ARG* 1.3 55.3 + - - +
61B GLN* 3.2 13.2 + - - +
62B LEU* 2.9 33.3 + - - +
114B TYR* 3.3 31.9 - + + +
150B SER* 3.5 43.5 - - - +
153B PHE* 3.9 13.5 - + + -
154B LEU* 3.8 28.7 - - + -
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Residues in contact with ARG 59 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
33A ALA* 6.2 0.2 - - - +
59A ARG* 3.5 23.8 - - - +
63A ASP* 4.1 14.1 + - - -
33B ALA* 2.9 53.6 + - - +
34B LEU* 4.0 14.7 - - - +
36B THR* 4.0 10.7 - - + +
37B LYS* 3.4 40.1 - - + +
55B LEU 3.0 15.4 + - - +
56B ASP* 3.7 8.1 - - - +
57B THR 3.2 0.4 - - - -
58B PHE* 1.3 75.4 - - - +
60B THR* 1.3 63.3 + - - +
62B LEU* 3.2 4.5 + - - +
63B ASP* 2.8 49.2 + - - +
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Residues in contact with THR 60 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
56B ASP 3.1 14.2 + - - -
57B THR* 3.6 11.1 - - - -
58B PHE 3.3 0.2 - - - -
59B ARG* 1.3 74.9 - - - +
61B GLN* 1.3 61.1 + - + +
63B ASP* 3.3 12.6 + - + +
64B ASN* 3.0 43.1 + - - +
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Residues in contact with GLN 61 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
57B THR* 3.1 34.7 + - + +
58B PHE* 3.2 11.7 + - - +
60B THR* 1.3 77.8 - - + +
62B LEU* 1.4 58.8 + - + +
64B ASN* 3.1 8.4 + - - +
65B HIS* 2.9 45.0 + - + -
146B ASP* 3.8 27.9 + - + +
150B SER* 3.6 20.1 + - - -
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Residues in contact with LEU 62 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
29B VAL* 3.7 25.6 - - + +
32B LEU* 3.8 23.8 - - + -
33B ALA* 3.7 32.1 - - + +
36B THR* 3.7 12.6 - - - +
58B PHE 2.9 22.3 + - - +
59B ARG* 3.7 4.5 - - - +
61B GLN* 1.4 74.1 - - + +
63B ASP* 1.3 58.5 + - - +
65B HIS* 4.5 6.7 - - + +
66B GLY* 2.8 28.4 + - - -
114B TYR* 3.5 25.4 - - + +
147B LEU* 4.1 20.0 - - + -
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Residues in contact with ASP 63 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
59A ARG* 4.0 13.2 + - - +
63A ASP* 4.4 12.4 - - - +
33B ALA* 4.3 4.4 - - - +
59B ARG* 2.8 49.0 + - - +
60B THR* 3.4 14.0 - - + +
62B LEU* 1.3 76.0 - - - +
64B ASN* 1.3 62.8 + - - +
66B GLY* 4.0 0.6 - - - -
67B ASP* 2.9 40.2 + - - +
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Residues in contact with ASN 64 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
60B THR* 3.0 31.8 + - - +
61B GLN* 3.1 9.4 + - - +
63B ASP* 1.3 81.0 - - - +
65B HIS* 1.3 67.1 + - + +
67B ASP* 3.4 9.4 + - - +
68B THR* 3.0 29.1 + - - +
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Residues in contact with HIS 65 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
29B VAL* 5.2 4.5 - - + -
61B GLN* 2.9 34.3 + - + +
62B LEU* 4.2 7.6 - - + +
64B ASN* 1.3 72.3 - - + +
66B GLY* 1.3 66.9 + - - +
68B THR* 3.2 8.8 + - - +
69B ILE* 3.0 32.9 + - + +
139B ILE* 4.7 4.0 + - - +
142B ALA* 3.6 12.7 - - + +
143B ALA* 3.5 45.8 + - + +
146B ASP* 2.7 39.2 + - + +
147B LEU* 6.1 3.4 - - + -
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Residues in contact with GLY 66 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
41A TRP* 4.9 0.9 - - - -
26B LEU* 3.3 23.4 - - - +
29B VAL* 3.9 17.1 - - - +
30B ILE* 5.7 2.2 - - - -
62B LEU 2.8 22.3 + - - -
63B ASP* 4.0 0.7 - - - -
65B HIS* 1.3 72.9 - - - +
67B ASP* 1.3 63.1 + - - +
69B ILE* 3.3 3.9 + - - -
70B ALA* 2.9 20.7 + - - +
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Residues in contact with ASP 67 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
37A LYS* 2.6 38.3 + - - +
41A TRP* 3.4 25.5 - - - +
63B ASP* 2.9 26.0 + - - +
64B ASN* 3.6 9.0 - - - +
65B HIS 3.2 0.2 - - - -
66B GLY* 1.3 76.7 - - - +
68B THR* 1.3 56.0 + - - +
70B ALA* 3.4 1.0 + - - +
71B GLU* 2.8 37.8 + - - +
1163B FE 4.5 11.2 - - - -
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Residues in contact with THR 68 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
64B ASN 3.0 18.4 + - - -
65B HIS* 3.2 10.7 + - - +
67B ASP* 1.3 76.5 - - - +
69B ILE* 1.3 57.7 + - - +
71B GLU* 3.5 12.5 + - - +
72B ARG* 3.1 27.0 + - - +
75B GLN* 5.2 0.9 + - - -
139B ILE* 3.6 28.3 - - + +
145D ARG* 3.6 28.4 + - - +
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Residues in contact with ILE 69 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
22B LEU* 3.3 44.3 - - + +
25B SER* 4.5 4.7 - - - -
26B LEU* 4.0 13.9 - - + +
29B VAL* 4.4 21.1 - - + -
65B HIS* 3.0 29.1 + - + +
66B GLY* 3.6 5.2 - - - +
68B THR* 1.3 74.8 - - - +
70B ALA* 1.3 66.6 + - - +
72B ARG* 3.1 12.8 + - - +
73B VAL* 3.2 13.4 + - + +
121B ILE* 4.5 3.4 - - + -
139B ILE* 4.0 17.3 - - + -
140B PHE* 4.0 24.9 - - + -
143B ALA* 5.0 5.2 - - + -
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Residues in contact with ALA 70 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
41A TRP* 3.2 43.7 - - + +
26B LEU* 3.9 18.4 - - + -
66B GLY 2.9 15.6 + - - +
67B ASP 3.7 0.2 - - - +
69B ILE* 1.3 79.5 - - - +
71B GLU* 1.3 62.6 + - - +
73B VAL* 3.2 20.0 + - - +
74B VAL* 3.4 6.9 + - - +
80B ALA* 3.7 13.3 - - + +
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Residues in contact with GLU 71 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
40A HIS* 5.5 0.2 - - - +
41A TRP* 4.2 11.4 - - + -
67B ASP* 2.8 28.6 + - - +
68B THR* 3.9 11.7 + - - +
70B ALA* 1.3 76.5 - - - +
72B ARG* 1.3 58.4 + - - +
74B VAL* 3.3 5.4 + - - +
75B GLN* 3.0 36.3 + - - +
1163B FE 1.9 36.4 - - - -
149D LYS* 3.0 37.7 + - - +
152D TRP* 3.6 29.9 - - + -
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Residues in contact with ARG 72 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
8B ASN* 4.2 0.4 + - - -
10B LEU* 5.0 1.2 - - - +
22B LEU* 3.6 18.4 - - + -
68B THR 3.1 15.1 + - - +
69B ILE 3.1 8.7 + - - +
71B GLU* 1.3 74.6 - - - +
73B VAL* 1.3 65.9 + - - +
75B GLN* 3.1 31.1 + - - +
76B LEU* 3.2 45.3 + - + +
133B ASP* 3.1 28.9 + - - -
135B THR* 3.5 22.1 - - - +
136B THR* 2.8 24.2 + - - +
139B ILE* 3.7 21.8 - - + -
122D ARG* 4.4 4.9 - - - +
148D ASP* 2.7 31.1 + - - +
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Residues in contact with VAL 73 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
19B ILE* 4.0 13.5 - - + +
22B LEU* 3.4 35.2 - - + +
23B ASN* 3.7 25.1 - - - +
69B ILE 3.2 9.4 + - - +
70B ALA* 3.2 13.1 + - - +
72B ARG* 1.3 77.2 - - - +
74B VAL* 1.3 59.7 + - - +
76B LEU* 3.2 9.7 + - - +
77B GLY 3.5 0.2 + - - -
78B GLY* 3.0 24.8 + - - -
79B THR 3.4 40.6 - - - +
80B ALA* 4.2 2.0 - - - -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 74 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
41A TRP* 3.5 21.8 - - + +
42A ASN* 3.5 19.3 - - - +
44A LYS* 3.3 24.5 + - - +
70B ALA 3.9 8.5 - - - +
71B GLU 3.3 6.5 + - - +
72B ARG 3.2 0.6 - - - -
73B VAL* 1.3 71.9 - - - +
75B GLN* 1.3 66.6 + - - +
77B GLY* 3.0 14.2 + - - -
78B GLY 3.6 12.1 - - - +
80B ALA* 3.8 13.7 - - + +
152D TRP* 3.1 35.4 - - + +
159D GLN* 5.5 2.8 + - - -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 75 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
6B THR* 4.0 19.8 + - - +
8B ASN* 4.3 7.9 - - - +
68B THR 5.2 0.6 + - - -
71B GLU* 3.0 40.4 + - - +
72B ARG* 3.1 44.7 + - - +
74B VAL* 1.3 76.4 - - - +
76B LEU* 1.3 59.3 + - - +
77B GLY 3.2 3.0 + - - -
139B ILE* 5.5 0.7 - - - +
145D ARG* 4.6 3.5 + - - +
148D ASP* 3.7 16.1 - - + +
149D LYS* 3.9 21.2 + - - +
152D TRP* 3.6 38.8 - - + +
155D GLU* 5.2 0.3 - - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 76 (chain B).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
3B THR* 5.1 1.0 + - - -
6B THR* 4.5 3.9 - - - +
8B ASN* 3.9 26.9 - - - +
10B LEU* 4.0 23.3 - - + -
15B LYS* 3.3 32.0 - - + +
18B VAL* 4.2 18.2 - - + -
19B ILE* 3.7 19.5 - - + +
22B LEU* 4.4 4.9 - - + -
72B ARG* 3.2 40.2 + - + +
73B VAL 3.2 4.9 + - - +
74B VAL 3.1 1.0 - - - -
75B GLN* 1.3 75.3 - - - +
77B GLY* 1.3 60.2 + - - +
78B GLY 3.4 1.8 - - - -
133B ASP* 3.9 18.6 - - - +
136B THR* 4.2 0.2 - - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the
analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page
is based upon the approach
developed in:
Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G.
and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996)
25, 120-129.
Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic
properties of the contacting atoms. In order to
define it, for each inter-atomic contact,
eight atom classes have been introduced:
I Hydrophilic - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
(e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
II Acceptor - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
III Donor - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
IV Hydrophobic - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
a N or O atom
V Aromatic - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other
bonds formed by the atom
VI Neutral - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
VII Neutral-donor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
atom of class III
VIII Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only
one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy
is shown below:
Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
Atomic class I II III IV V VI VII VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
I (Hydrophilic) + + + - + + + +
II (Acceptor) + - + - + + + -
III (Donor) + + - - + + - +
IV (Hydrophobic) - - - + + + + +
V (Aromatic) + + + + + + + +
VI (Neutral) + + + + + + + +
VII (Neutral-donor) + + - + + + - +
VIII (Neutral-acceptor) + - + + + + + -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically
assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in
three cases (see below) the automatic assignment
is currently ambiguous. In these
cases, the user is advised to manually analyse
the full list of contacts using
LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are
considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
"hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
"carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).
Please E-mail any
questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to
Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il