Contacts of the helix formed by residues 116 - 141 (chain A) in PDB entry 1QU2


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with SER 116 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    112A  ARG*     3.9     5.2    +      -       -      -
    114A  LYS      4.7     0.2    -      -       -      +
    115A  MET*     1.3    88.7    +      -       -      +
    117A  THR*     1.3    66.2    +      -       -      +
    118A  ALA*     3.8     7.9    +      -       -      +
    119A  GLU*     3.6    15.6    +      -       -      +
    120A  PHE*     3.0    23.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 117 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    116A  SER*     1.3    72.3    -      -       -      +
    118A  ALA*     1.3    54.6    +      -       -      +
    120A  PHE*     3.0     7.0    +      -       -      +
    121A  ARG*     2.7    45.3    +      -       -      +
    458A  VAL*     3.6    29.5    -      -       +      +
    496A  PHE*     3.2    43.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 118 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    116A  SER*     3.3     7.7    +      -       -      +
    117A  THR*     1.3    79.3    -      -       -      +
    119A  GLU*     1.3    63.8    +      -       +      +
    121A  ARG*     3.6     7.6    +      -       -      +
    122A  GLU*     3.2    28.3    +      -       -      +
    493A  ASN*     6.0     3.8    -      -       +      -
    496A  PHE*     4.8    11.7    +      -       +      +
    497A  GLU*     4.7    22.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 119 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    115A  MET*     2.5    48.1    -      -       +      +
    116A  SER*     3.3     5.7    +      -       -      +
    118A  ALA*     1.3    76.4    -      -       +      +
    120A  PHE*     1.3    63.0    +      -       -      +
    122A  GLU*     3.5     8.1    +      -       -      +
    123A  LYS*     3.0    30.8    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 120 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    102A  GLU*     3.8    41.5    -      -       +      -
    105A  LEU*     4.2    11.7    -      -       +      -
    106A  THR*     4.4     3.8    -      -       -      -
    110A  VAL*     3.9    29.6    -      -       +      -
    112A  ARG*     3.6    46.2    -      -       +      -
    115A  MET*     3.7    11.4    -      -       +      -
    116A  SER      3.0    17.1    +      -       -      +
    117A  THR*     3.5     5.4    -      -       -      +
    119A  GLU*     1.3    74.2    -      -       -      +
    121A  ARG*     1.3    61.4    +      -       -      +
    123A  LYS*     3.0     6.7    +      -       -      +
    124A  CYS*     2.9    45.6    +      -       -      -
    458A  VAL*     3.8    19.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 121 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     97A  HIS*     5.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    117A  THR*     2.7    35.1    +      -       +      +
    118A  ALA*     3.8     6.7    -      -       -      +
    120A  PHE*     1.3    73.6    -      -       +      +
    122A  GLU*     1.3    56.4    +      -       -      +
    124A  CYS*     3.1    10.8    +      -       -      +
    125A  LYS*     3.0    23.9    +      -       -      +
    458A  VAL*     2.7    45.5    +      -       +      +
    459A  TRP*     3.7    25.7    -      -       +      -
    460A  GLY      3.0    23.4    +      -       -      +
    492A  SER*     2.7    30.1    +      -       -      -
    493A  ASN*     2.7    34.8    -      -       -      +
    496A  PHE*     3.3    34.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 122 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    118A  ALA      3.2    18.1    +      -       -      +
    119A  GLU*     3.8     7.6    -      -       -      +
    120A  PHE      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    121A  ARG*     1.3    74.5    -      -       -      +
    123A  LYS*     1.3    60.5    +      -       +      +
    125A  LYS*     3.3    29.2    +      -       -      +
    126A  GLU*     2.9    29.3    +      -       -      +
    493A  ASN*     2.4    30.8    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 123 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    105A  LEU*     3.4    22.0    -      -       +      +
    110A  VAL*     4.3    13.9    -      -       +      -
    115A  MET*     4.2    18.6    -      -       -      -
    119A  GLU*     3.0    24.3    +      -       -      +
    120A  PHE*     3.0    15.1    +      -       -      +
    122A  GLU*     1.3    74.9    -      -       +      +
    124A  CYS*     1.3    62.9    +      -       -      +
    126A  GLU*     3.4    23.4    +      -       -      +
    127A  PHE*     3.1    19.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS 124 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    101A  ILE*     4.1     7.3    -      -       +      +
    102A  GLU*     4.2     6.7    -      -       -      -
    105A  LEU*     3.4    19.5    -      -       -      -
    120A  PHE*     2.9    42.2    +      -       -      -
    121A  ARG*     3.1     7.6    +      -       -      +
    123A  LYS*     1.3    76.8    -      -       -      +
    125A  LYS*     1.3    57.0    +      -       -      +
    127A  PHE*     3.1     5.1    +      -       -      +
    128A  ALA*     2.9    28.4    +      -       -      +
    459A  TRP*     3.3    47.1    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 125 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    121A  ARG      3.0    13.2    +      -       -      +
    122A  GLU*     3.5    34.2    +      -       -      +
    124A  CYS*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
    126A  GLU*     1.3    64.3    +      -       -      +
    128A  ALA*     3.0     3.0    +      -       -      +
    129A  LEU*     2.9    45.9    +      -       +      +
    155A  LEU*     3.6    33.0    -      -       +      +
    459A  TRP*     3.7    17.0    -      -       +      -
    493A  ASN*     5.1     5.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 126 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    122A  GLU      2.9    16.5    +      -       -      +
    123A  LYS*     3.6    29.1    +      -       -      +
    125A  LYS*     1.3    76.0    -      -       -      +
    127A  PHE*     1.3    62.3    +      -       -      +
    129A  LEU*     3.6     8.9    +      -       -      +
    130A  GLU*     3.2    45.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 127 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     60A  ASN*     3.4    33.0    -      -       -      -
    101A  ILE*     3.7    26.2    -      -       +      -
    104A  ALA*     3.6    24.9    -      -       +      -
    105A  LEU*     4.2    16.4    -      -       +      -
    108A  LYS*     3.7    33.4    -      -       +      +
    123A  LYS      3.1    13.9    +      -       -      +
    124A  CYS*     3.4     9.0    -      -       -      +
    126A  GLU*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
    128A  ALA*     1.3    66.6    +      -       -      +
    130A  GLU*     3.2    12.1    +      -       -      +
    131A  GLN*     3.0    49.8    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 128 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     59A  ALA*     3.8    11.8    -      -       +      +
     96A  THR*     4.0    38.4    -      -       +      +
    101A  ILE*     4.2     7.2    -      -       +      -
    124A  CYS      2.9    13.1    +      -       -      +
    125A  LYS*     3.5     8.1    -      -       -      +
    127A  PHE*     1.3    77.7    -      -       -      +
    129A  LEU*     1.3    57.4    +      -       -      +
    131A  GLN*     3.3     3.5    +      -       -      +
    132A  ILE*     2.9    34.7    +      -       -      +
    155A  LEU*     4.4     6.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 129 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    125A  LYS*     2.9    47.3    +      -       +      +
    126A  GLU*     3.9     7.9    -      -       -      +
    128A  ALA*     1.3    72.3    -      -       -      +
    130A  GLU*     1.3    65.1    +      -       +      +
    132A  ILE*     3.4    21.2    +      -       +      +
    133A  GLU*     3.1    27.5    +      -       -      +
    153A  ILE*     4.7    14.4    -      -       +      -
    155A  LEU*     4.6    13.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 130 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    108A  LYS*     4.0    18.7    +      -       -      -
    126A  GLU*     3.2    36.6    +      -       +      +
    127A  PHE*     3.2    14.6    +      -       -      +
    129A  LEU*     1.3    77.6    -      -       +      +
    131A  GLN*     1.3    68.9    +      -       -      +
    133A  GLU*     3.2    17.3    +      -       -      +
    134A  LEU*     3.2    17.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 131 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     59A  ALA      3.4    30.7    -      -       -      +
     60A  ASN*     3.9     1.7    +      -       -      +
     61A  GLY*     3.0    31.9    +      -       -      +
     62A  ASN*     5.8     0.2    +      -       -      -
    127A  PHE*     3.0    51.3    +      -       +      +
    128A  ALA      3.6     4.0    -      -       -      +
    130A  GLU*     1.3    76.4    +      -       -      +
    132A  ILE*     1.3    66.4    +      -       -      +
    134A  LEU*     3.3    24.3    +      -       -      +
    135A  GLN*     2.9    28.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 132 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     59A  ALA*     3.7     5.4    -      -       +      -
     94A  TRP*     3.5    61.4    -      -       +      +
     96A  THR*     3.9    17.0    -      -       +      -
    128A  ALA      2.9    21.9    +      -       -      +
    129A  LEU*     3.5    19.3    -      -       +      +
    130A  GLU      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    131A  GLN*     1.3    73.8    -      -       -      +
    133A  GLU*     1.3    68.0    +      -       -      +
    135A  GLN*     3.1     1.0    +      -       -      +
    136A  LYS*     2.7    48.1    +      -       -      +
    151A  PRO*     5.5     1.8    -      -       +      -
    153A  ILE*     4.0    16.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 133 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    129A  LEU      3.1    17.0    +      -       -      +
    130A  GLU*     3.2    11.2    +      -       -      +
    132A  ILE*     1.3    80.8    -      -       -      +
    134A  LEU*     1.3    62.7    +      -       +      +
    136A  LYS*     3.2    37.5    +      -       -      +
    137A  LYS*     3.0    24.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 134 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     61A  GLY      5.9     0.7    -      -       -      +
     62A  ASN*     5.4    11.4    -      -       -      +
    130A  GLU*     3.2    11.5    +      -       +      +
    131A  GLN*     3.5    30.5    -      -       -      +
    132A  ILE      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
    133A  GLU*     1.3    79.5    -      -       +      +
    135A  GLN*     1.3    63.8    +      -       +      +
    137A  LYS*     3.2    17.6    +      -       +      +
    138A  ASP*     3.2    27.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 135 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     57A  PRO*     4.3     6.8    -      -       -      +
     58A  TYR      3.1    22.9    +      -       -      +
     59A  ALA*     4.2     1.5    -      -       -      +
     60A  ASN      3.6    12.5    +      -       -      +
     61A  GLY      3.2    26.2    +      -       -      +
     62A  ASN      5.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
     63A  LEU*     3.4    33.2    -      -       +      +
     67A  HIS*     5.7     2.8    +      -       -      -
     94A  TRP*     2.7    38.2    +      -       +      +
    131A  GLN      2.9    17.8    +      -       -      +
    132A  ILE      3.6     2.7    -      -       -      +
    134A  LEU*     1.3    74.0    -      -       -      +
    136A  LYS*     1.3    65.8    -      -       -      +
    138A  ASP*     3.1     8.4    +      -       -      +
    139A  PHE*     2.9    29.7    +      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 136 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     94A  TRP*     3.7    29.5    -      -       +      -
    132A  ILE*     2.7    25.6    +      -       -      +
    133A  GLU*     3.2    36.4    +      -       -      +
    135A  GLN*     1.3    72.6    -      -       -      +
    137A  LYS*     1.3    63.2    +      -       -      +
    139A  PHE*     3.5     4.5    +      -       -      +
    140A  ARG*     3.0    42.9    +      -       -      +
    148A  PHE*     3.1    44.8    +      -       +      +
    149A  ASN*     5.0     4.1    +      -       -      +
    151A  PRO*     4.2    11.5    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 137 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    133A  GLU      3.0    13.5    +      -       -      +
    134A  LEU*     3.2    19.7    -      -       +      +
    136A  LYS*     1.3    78.6    -      -       -      +
    138A  ASP*     1.3    70.6    +      -       -      +
    140A  ARG*     3.3     8.3    +      -       -      +
    141A  ARG*     3.1    22.7    +      -       +      +
    611A  LYS*     4.7    14.8    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 138 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     62A  ASN*     5.4     5.9    +      -       -      +
     63A  LEU*     3.6    31.5    +      -       +      +
    134A  LEU*     3.2    15.8    +      -       -      +
    135A  GLN*     3.1     5.9    +      -       -      +
    137A  LYS*     1.3    84.4    +      -       -      +
    139A  PHE*     1.3    65.9    +      -       -      +
    141A  ARG*     3.1    18.2    +      -       -      +
    142A  LEU*     3.4    15.1    +      -       -      +
    606A  PRO*     6.5     0.9    -      -       +      -
    607A  ASP*     4.4    20.1    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 139 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     57A  PRO*     4.1     9.6    -      -       +      -
     63A  LEU*     3.6    35.7    -      -       +      -
     67A  HIS*     3.9    26.0    -      +       +      -
     71A  LYS*     3.5    60.3    -      -       +      -
     94A  TRP*     3.8    28.0    -      +       -      -
    135A  GLN*     2.9    21.6    +      -       -      +
    136A  LYS      3.8     4.3    -      -       -      +
    138A  ASP*     1.3    74.3    -      -       -      +
    140A  ARG*     1.3    58.3    +      -       -      +
    142A  LEU*     3.0    31.4    +      -       +      +
    144A  VAL*     3.8    14.1    -      -       -      +
    148A  PHE*     3.8    16.4    -      +       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 140 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     28A  GLN*     3.2    16.7    -      -       -      +
     32A  ASP*     3.7    32.4    +      -       -      +
    136A  LYS*     3.0    35.3    +      -       -      +
    137A  LYS*     3.8     7.1    -      -       -      +
    138A  ASP      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    139A  PHE*     1.3    72.9    -      -       -      +
    141A  ARG*     1.3    57.5    +      -       -      +
    142A  LEU      3.0     5.6    -      -       -      -
    143A  GLY*     3.1    17.0    +      -       -      -
    144A  VAL      4.2    10.7    +      -       -      +
    148A  PHE*     3.6    40.9    -      -       +      +
    149A  ASN*     4.1    17.9    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 141 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     21A  PRO*     3.8    23.8    +      -       -      +
     24A  GLU*     3.0    41.1    +      -       -      +
     25A  PRO*     3.9    20.2    -      -       -      +
     28A  GLN*     3.3    25.4    +      -       -      +
    137A  LYS*     3.1    15.2    +      -       +      +
    138A  ASP*     3.1    16.1    +      -       -      +
    140A  ARG*     1.3    77.1    -      -       -      +
    142A  LEU*     1.3    57.6    +      -       -      +
    143A  GLY      3.1     1.8    -      -       -      -
    610A  VAL*     3.3    34.6    +      -       +      +
    611A  LYS*     5.1    17.8    -      -       -      +
    615A  ALA*     3.3     8.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il