Contacts of the helix formed by residues 292 - 313 (chain B) in PDB entry 1R4N


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with VAL 292 (chain B).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     16A  GLN*     3.3    27.4    -      -       +      +
     19A  LEU*     3.5    24.5    -      -       +      -
     20A  TRP*     4.2    15.7    -      -       +      -
     52A  PRO*     5.8     2.2    -      -       +      -
     89B  ASN*     4.5     7.4    -      -       -      +
     90B  ARG*     4.1     6.3    -      -       -      +
    182B  THR*     5.9     0.3    -      -       -      +
    184B  GLY      5.0     2.5    +      -       -      +
    185B  PHE*     4.3    11.4    -      -       +      -
    291B  ALA*     1.3    83.6    -      -       -      +
    293B  ALA*     1.3    66.8    +      -       -      +
    294B  SER*     3.4    27.6    -      -       -      +
    295B  THR*     3.8     9.8    +      -       -      +
    296B  ASN*     3.7    16.5    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 293 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     48A  ASN*     3.7    33.2    -      -       -      +
     51A  LEU*     4.3    16.4    -      -       +      -
     52A  PRO*     4.8     5.6    -      -       +      +
     62B  GLU*     5.0     3.7    -      -       -      +
     89B  ASN      4.4     4.9    +      -       -      +
     90B  ARG*     3.8    24.4    -      -       +      +
    292B  VAL*     1.3    70.5    -      -       -      +
    294B  SER*     1.3    72.6    +      -       -      +
    296B  ASN*     2.9    20.4    +      -       -      +
    297B  ALA*     3.0     8.9    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 294 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     48A  ASN*     4.3    11.4    +      -       -      +
     52A  PRO*     5.5     1.2    -      -       -      +
    499A  GLY*     3.6    15.0    -      -       -      -
    502A  ALA*     5.0     0.3    -      -       -      +
    503A  GLN*     3.4    41.9    +      -       -      +
    506A  ILE*     4.4     7.8    -      -       -      +
    185B  PHE*     4.9     0.4    -      -       -      -
    292B  VAL*     3.4    19.1    -      -       -      +
    293B  ALA*     1.3    74.8    +      -       -      +
    295B  THR*     1.3    66.1    +      -       -      +
    297B  ALA*     3.1    17.4    -      -       -      +
    298B  VAL*     3.3    10.7    +      -       -      +
    326B  ASP*     4.8     2.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 295 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    182B  THR*     3.3    22.7    -      -       -      +
    184B  GLY      3.0    26.9    +      -       -      +
    185B  PHE*     3.5    23.7    +      -       -      +
    186B  LYS      3.8    18.4    -      -       -      +
    187B  GLY*     4.7     0.2    -      -       -      -
    292B  VAL*     3.8     8.5    +      -       -      +
    293B  ALA      2.9     2.8    +      -       -      -
    294B  SER*     1.3    72.5    -      -       -      +
    296B  ASN*     1.3    68.3    +      -       -      +
    298B  VAL*     2.8    20.2    +      -       -      +
    299B  ILE*     3.2    17.0    +      -       +      -
    324B  PHE*     4.9     5.6    -      -       +      -
    326B  ASP*     4.3     5.8    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 296 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     58B  GLY*     3.5    37.1    -      -       -      +
     59B  LEU*     3.8    14.4    -      -       +      +
     62B  GLU*     4.6     5.2    -      -       -      +
     90B  ARG*     3.6    26.2    -      -       -      +
    182B  THR*     3.0    36.5    +      -       -      +
    291B  ALA*     4.9     1.2    -      -       -      +
    292B  VAL      3.7     9.0    +      -       -      -
    293B  ALA*     2.9    10.4    +      -       -      +
    295B  THR*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
    297B  ALA*     1.3    64.4    +      -       -      +
    299B  ILE      4.8     0.2    -      -       -      +
    300B  ALA*     2.8    28.8    +      -       -      +
    176I  GLY*     3.8     4.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 297 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     44A  GLU*     5.9     0.7    -      -       -      +
     48A  ASN*     3.7    24.7    -      -       -      +
    495A  ALA*     4.5     7.0    -      -       +      +
    499A  GLY*     3.8    13.9    -      -       -      +
     62B  GLU*     3.7    25.6    +      -       -      +
    293B  ALA      3.0     6.9    +      -       -      +
    294B  SER      3.1    12.8    -      -       -      +
    296B  ASN*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
    298B  VAL*     1.3    53.5    +      -       -      +
    300B  ALA*     3.8     1.2    -      -       -      +
    301B  ALA*     2.8    38.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 298 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    496A  PHE*     3.2    41.6    -      -       +      +
    499A  GLY      3.8     1.3    -      -       -      -
    500A  ALA*     3.6    25.1    -      -       +      +
    294B  SER      3.5    14.6    -      -       -      +
    295B  THR      2.8    12.8    +      -       -      +
    297B  ALA*     1.3    67.7    -      -       -      +
    299B  ILE*     1.3    71.5    +      -       +      +
    301B  ALA*     3.0    14.0    +      -       -      +
    302B  VAL*     3.0    14.9    +      -       +      +
    324B  PHE*     3.6    43.5    -      -       +      -
    326B  ASP*     5.2     0.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 299 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     59B  LEU*     3.8    17.9    -      -       +      -
    180B  GLY*     3.9     8.1    -      -       -      -
    181B  GLY      3.5    22.0    -      -       -      +
    182B  THR*     4.2     5.2    -      -       -      +
    187B  GLY*     3.5    12.3    -      -       -      -
    188B  ASN*     3.3    43.1    -      -       -      +
    189B  ALA*     4.1     6.3    -      -       +      +
    295B  THR*     3.2    11.0    +      -       +      +
    296B  ASN      4.0     4.0    -      -       -      +
    298B  VAL*     1.3    80.1    -      -       +      +
    300B  ALA*     1.3    56.5    +      -       -      +
    302B  VAL*     2.7    29.5    +      -       +      +
    303B  CYS*     3.0    16.7    +      -       -      -
    322B  LEU*     5.3     3.4    -      -       +      +
    324B  PHE*     4.3    13.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 300 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     59B  LEU*     3.8    18.1    -      -       +      +
     62B  GLU*     3.5    30.1    -      -       +      -
     63B  LEU*     3.8    18.4    -      -       +      +
     66B  ASN*     3.6     5.3    +      -       -      +
    296B  ASN      2.8    21.3    +      -       -      +
    299B  ILE*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
    301B  ALA*     1.3    57.1    +      -       -      +
    302B  VAL      3.0     0.2    +      -       -      -
    303B  CYS*     3.3     3.0    +      -       -      -
    304B  ALA*     2.9    30.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 301 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    492A  THR      3.4    13.8    -      -       -      +
    495A  ALA*     3.6     9.4    -      -       +      -
    496A  PHE*     3.3    32.8    -      -       +      +
    522A  TYR*     5.0     1.1    +      -       -      -
     66B  ASN*     3.5    11.4    -      -       -      +
    297B  ALA      2.8    23.9    +      -       -      +
    298B  VAL      3.0     4.5    +      -       -      +
    300B  ALA*     1.3    73.1    -      -       -      +
    302B  VAL*     1.3    61.1    +      -       -      +
    304B  ALA*     3.6     2.9    -      -       -      +
    305B  THR*     3.2    23.9    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 302 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    496A  PHE*     3.8    24.5    -      -       +      -
    522A  TYR*     4.0     3.6    -      -       -      +
    527A  GLN*     2.9    32.5    -      -       +      +
    189B  ALA*     3.9    20.2    -      -       +      -
    298B  VAL*     3.0    17.9    +      -       +      +
    299B  ILE*     2.7    18.0    +      -       +      +
    301B  ALA*     1.3    69.7    -      -       -      +
    303B  CYS*     1.3    68.7    +      -       -      +
    304B  ALA      3.0     0.9    -      -       -      -
    305B  THR*     3.0    15.2    +      -       -      -
    306B  GLU*     3.1    15.5    +      -       +      +
    318B  LEU*     4.9     4.5    -      -       +      -
    322B  LEU*     4.2    16.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS 303 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     59B  LEU*     5.8     0.4    -      -       -      -
     63B  LEU*     4.2    13.0    -      -       +      -
    142B  VAL*     4.2     3.6    -      -       +      -
    143B  CYS      5.4     2.0    -      -       -      -
    178B  ILE*     3.3    23.3    -      -       +      +
    179B  ASP      3.8    23.6    -      -       -      -
    180B  GLY*     4.0     5.8    -      -       -      -
    189B  ALA*     3.9    12.8    -      -       -      -
    299B  ILE*     3.0    24.0    +      -       -      -
    300B  ALA*     3.8     6.1    -      -       -      +
    302B  VAL*     1.3    80.5    -      -       -      +
    304B  ALA*     1.3    65.6    +      -       -      +
    306B  GLU*     3.1     6.9    +      -       -      +
    307B  VAL*     2.9    24.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 304 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    492A  THR*     3.4    23.3    -      -       +      -
     63B  LEU*     4.1    10.0    -      -       +      +
     66B  ASN*     3.4    22.9    -      -       +      +
     67B  LEU*     4.7     8.8    -      -       +      +
     70B  SER*     5.6     0.8    -      -       -      -
    300B  ALA      2.9    18.4    +      -       -      +
    301B  ALA      3.6     4.3    -      -       -      +
    303B  CYS*     1.3    78.9    -      -       -      +
    305B  THR*     1.3    66.2    +      -       -      +
    307B  VAL*     2.9    15.5    +      -       -      +
    308B  PHE*     3.1    11.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 305 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    158A  LEU*     5.0    14.8    -      -       +      -
    492A  THR*     2.8    35.5    +      -       -      +
    493A  ILE*     4.7     4.7    +      -       -      +
    522A  TYR*     4.9     0.7    +      -       -      -
    524A  GLY*     4.8     2.2    -      -       -      +
    527A  GLN*     3.8    15.9    +      -       -      +
    301B  ALA      3.2     6.8    +      -       -      -
    302B  VAL      3.0     9.0    +      -       -      -
    304B  ALA*     1.3    78.3    -      -       -      +
    306B  GLU*     1.3    52.5    +      -       -      +
    308B  PHE*     2.9    13.9    +      -       +      +
    309B  LYS*     2.7    59.2    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 306 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    527A  GLN*     3.1    29.8    +      -       -      +
    178B  ILE*     4.3     5.2    -      -       +      -
    191B  VAL*     3.2    34.3    -      -       +      -
    302B  VAL*     3.1    11.4    +      -       +      +
    303B  CYS*     3.3    13.5    -      -       -      +
    305B  THR*     1.3    76.5    -      -       -      +
    307B  VAL*     1.3    54.5    +      -       -      +
    309B  LYS*     2.9    28.2    +      -       -      +
    310B  ILE*     2.7    41.2    +      -       +      +
    317B  PRO*     3.4     3.6    -      -       +      +
    318B  LEU*     2.6    35.4    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 307 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     51B  VAL*     4.6     3.8    -      -       +      -
     67B  LEU*     3.7    16.6    -      -       +      -
     72B  PHE*     3.7    19.7    -      -       +      -
    140B  ILE*     3.6    34.5    -      -       +      -
    142B  VAL*     3.4    36.3    -      -       +      -
    178B  ILE*     4.2     4.9    -      -       +      +
    303B  CYS      2.9    12.4    +      -       -      +
    304B  ALA*     2.9     9.2    +      -       -      +
    306B  GLU*     1.3    74.9    -      -       -      +
    308B  PHE*     1.3    56.6    +      -       -      +
    310B  ILE*     3.0     7.1    +      -       -      +
    311B  ALA*     2.7    33.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 308 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    492A  THR*     5.7     1.3    -      -       +      +
     20B  VAL*     3.6    17.9    -      -       +      -
     23B  PHE*     4.5    16.6    -      +       +      -
     24B  LEU*     3.7    22.4    -      -       +      -
     45B  LEU*     4.1     3.6    -      -       +      -
     70B  SER*     3.6    35.9    -      -       -      -
     72B  PHE*     3.9    23.1    -      +       +      -
    304B  ALA      3.1     6.9    +      -       -      +
    305B  THR*     2.9    16.9    +      -       +      +
    307B  VAL*     1.3    79.9    -      -       -      +
    309B  LYS*     1.3    62.9    +      -       +      +
    312B  THR*     2.6    60.3    +      -       +      +
    314B  ALA*     4.3    11.4    -      -       +      -
    315B  TYR*     5.7     2.5    -      +       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 309 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    158A  LEU*     5.0     2.7    -      -       +      -
    524A  GLY      2.8    30.9    +      -       -      -
    525A  MET*     3.0    16.4    +      -       -      +
    527A  GLN*     3.7     8.5    -      -       -      +
    305B  THR*     2.7    34.7    +      -       +      +
    306B  GLU*     3.1    35.0    +      -       -      +
    308B  PHE*     1.3    74.6    -      -       +      +
    310B  ILE*     1.3    61.0    +      -       -      +
    312B  THR*     4.1     3.4    -      -       -      -
    313B  SER*     2.4    38.3    +      -       -      +
    314B  ALA*     4.6     2.7    -      -       -      +
    315B  TYR*     3.9    38.8    -      -       +      +
    316B  ILE      3.7    13.8    +      -       -      +
    317B  PRO*     4.7     4.9    -      -       +      -
    318B  LEU      4.6     0.6    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 310 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    140B  ILE*     3.9    13.7    -      -       +      -
    176B  PRO*     3.8    31.9    -      -       +      -
    178B  ILE*     3.5    33.4    -      -       +      -
    191B  VAL*     4.3    17.7    -      -       +      -
    193B  LEU*     4.9     3.8    -      -       +      -
    306B  GLU*     2.7    19.3    +      -       +      +
    307B  VAL      3.4     6.5    -      -       -      +
    309B  LYS*     1.3    74.9    -      -       -      +
    311B  ALA*     1.3    63.1    +      -       -      +
    312B  THR      3.5     0.2    +      -       -      -
    313B  SER*     3.6    12.8    +      -       -      +
    317B  PRO*     4.0    25.1    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 311 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     45B  LEU*     4.0     7.4    -      -       +      +
     49B  CYS*     4.0    13.4    -      -       -      -
     72B  PHE*     3.7    24.9    -      -       +      -
    140B  ILE*     3.6    19.1    -      -       +      -
    307B  VAL      2.7    19.2    +      -       -      +
    308B  PHE      4.1     0.9    -      -       -      +
    310B  ILE*     1.3    77.5    -      -       -      +
    312B  THR*     1.3    59.8    +      -       -      +
    313B  SER*     4.6     1.4    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 312 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     24B  LEU*     3.4    30.7    -      -       +      -
     35B  PHE*     4.1     9.5    -      -       -      -
     41B  SER      6.1     0.2    -      -       -      +
     45B  LEU*     3.9    21.1    -      -       +      -
    308B  PHE*     2.6    45.8    +      -       +      +
    311B  ALA*     1.3    77.9    -      -       -      +
    313B  SER*     1.3    73.8    +      -       -      +
    314B  ALA*     3.3    18.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 313 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     32B  HIS*     3.4    31.7    -      -       -      +
     34B  ASP*     4.7    13.1    -      -       -      +
     35B  PHE*     3.1    22.8    -      -       -      +
    309B  LYS      2.4    27.4    +      -       -      -
    310B  ILE      3.6    11.0    +      -       -      -
    311B  ALA      4.6     1.2    +      -       -      -
    312B  THR*     1.3    72.2    -      -       -      +
    314B  ALA*     1.3    53.5    +      -       -      +
    315B  TYR      3.2    10.3    -      -       -      +
    317B  PRO*     6.3     0.9    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il