Contacts of the helix formed by residues 292 - 313 (chain D) in PDB entry 1R4N


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with VAL 292 (chain D).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     16C  GLN*     3.3    26.7    -      -       +      +
     19C  LEU*     3.5    25.6    -      -       +      -
     20C  TRP*     4.1    16.2    -      -       +      -
     52C  PRO*     5.7     1.8    -      -       +      -
     89D  ASN*     4.5     4.7    -      -       -      +
     90D  ARG*     4.1     9.4    -      -       -      +
    182D  THR*     5.9     0.2    -      -       -      +
    184D  GLY      4.9     1.8    +      -       -      +
    185D  PHE*     4.4    12.3    -      -       +      -
    291D  ALA*     1.3    82.1    -      -       -      +
    293D  ALA*     1.3    66.2    +      -       -      +
    294D  SER*     3.4    27.1    -      -       -      +
    295D  THR*     3.8    13.7    +      -       -      +
    296D  ASN*     3.7    13.5    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 293 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     47C  LYS*     5.7     0.2    -      -       -      -
     48C  ASN*     3.7    33.7    -      -       -      +
     51C  LEU*     4.3    16.2    -      -       +      -
     52C  PRO*     4.7     5.6    -      -       +      +
     62D  GLU*     5.0     3.3    -      -       -      +
     89D  ASN      4.4     5.1    +      -       -      +
     90D  ARG*     3.7    22.9    -      -       +      +
    292D  VAL*     1.3    72.9    -      -       -      +
    294D  SER*     1.3    69.6    +      -       -      +
    295D  THR      2.9     1.7    +      -       -      -
    296D  ASN*     2.9    18.3    +      -       -      +
    297D  ALA*     3.0     9.6    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 294 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     48C  ASN*     4.3    10.4    +      -       -      +
     52C  PRO*     5.4     1.0    -      -       -      +
    499C  GLY*     3.6    15.3    -      -       -      -
    502C  ALA*     5.0     0.7    -      -       -      -
    503C  GLN*     3.4    43.6    +      -       -      +
    506C  ILE*     4.3     8.7    -      -       -      +
    185D  PHE*     4.9     0.4    -      -       -      -
    292D  VAL*     3.4    17.9    -      -       -      +
    293D  ALA*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
    295D  THR*     1.3    64.6    +      -       -      +
    297D  ALA*     3.1    17.3    -      -       -      +
    298D  VAL*     3.3    12.1    +      -       -      +
    326D  ASP*     4.9     1.8    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 295 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    182D  THR*     3.3    23.6    -      -       -      +
    184D  GLY      3.0    26.6    +      -       -      +
    185D  PHE*     3.5    22.7    +      -       -      +
    186D  LYS      3.8    19.1    -      -       -      +
    187D  GLY*     4.6     0.2    -      -       -      -
    292D  VAL*     3.8     9.0    +      -       -      +
    293D  ALA      2.9     3.6    +      -       -      -
    294D  SER*     1.3    71.7    -      -       -      +
    296D  ASN*     1.3    67.3    +      -       -      -
    298D  VAL*     2.8    20.2    +      -       -      +
    299D  ILE*     3.1    17.2    +      -       +      -
    324D  PHE*     4.9     5.3    -      -       +      -
    326D  ASP*     4.4     5.5    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 296 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     58D  GLY*     3.6    30.2    -      -       -      +
     59D  LEU*     3.8    14.4    -      -       +      +
     62D  GLU*     4.6     4.9    -      -       -      +
     90D  ARG*     3.6    33.6    -      -       -      +
    182D  THR*     3.0    35.3    +      -       -      +
    291D  ALA*     4.9     0.8    -      -       -      +
    292D  VAL      3.7     9.8    +      -       -      -
    293D  ALA*     2.9    10.0    +      -       -      +
    295D  THR*     1.3    75.9    -      -       -      +
    297D  ALA*     1.3    65.9    +      -       -      +
    299D  ILE*     4.0     0.6    -      -       -      +
    300D  ALA*     2.8    29.8    +      -       -      +
    176J  GLY*     3.8     4.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 297 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     44C  GLU*     5.9     0.7    -      -       -      +
     48C  ASN*     3.7    25.6    -      -       -      +
    495C  ALA*     4.5     6.9    -      -       +      +
    499C  GLY*     3.8    13.7    -      -       -      +
     62D  GLU*     3.7    25.1    +      -       -      +
    293D  ALA      3.0     6.6    +      -       -      +
    294D  SER      3.1    12.6    -      -       -      +
    296D  ASN*     1.3    75.9    -      -       -      +
    298D  VAL*     1.3    58.2    +      -       -      +
    300D  ALA*     3.9     0.9    -      -       -      +
    301D  ALA*     2.8    34.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 298 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    496C  PHE*     3.3    40.7    -      -       +      +
    499C  GLY      3.8     1.3    -      -       -      -
    500C  ALA*     3.6    24.7    -      -       +      +
    294D  SER      3.4    15.7    -      -       -      +
    295D  THR      2.8    12.4    +      -       -      +
    297D  ALA*     1.3    67.6    -      -       -      +
    299D  ILE*     1.3    73.0    +      -       +      +
    301D  ALA*     3.0     5.5    +      -       -      +
    302D  VAL*     3.0    22.6    +      -       +      +
    324D  PHE*     3.5    43.5    -      -       +      -
    326D  ASP*     5.2     0.4    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 299 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     59D  LEU*     3.9    11.7    -      -       +      -
    180D  GLY*     3.9    11.2    -      -       -      -
    181D  GLY      3.4    24.5    -      -       -      +
    182D  THR*     4.2     5.6    -      -       -      +
    187D  GLY*     3.5    13.2    -      -       -      +
    188D  ASN*     3.3    43.5    -      -       -      +
    189D  ALA*     4.1     6.5    -      -       +      +
    295D  THR*     3.1    10.8    +      -       +      +
    296D  ASN      4.0     3.8    -      -       -      +
    298D  VAL*     1.3    79.9    -      -       +      +
    300D  ALA*     1.3    56.2    +      -       -      +
    302D  VAL*     2.7    29.5    +      -       +      +
    303D  CYS*     3.0    16.7    +      -       -      -
    322D  LEU*     5.3     3.4    -      -       +      +
    324D  PHE*     4.3    13.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 300 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     59D  LEU*     3.9    17.0    -      -       +      +
     62D  GLU*     3.5    30.5    -      -       +      -
     63D  LEU*     3.7    18.4    -      -       +      +
     66D  ASN*     3.6     4.8    +      -       -      +
    296D  ASN      2.8    22.4    +      -       -      +
    299D  ILE*     1.3    74.3    -      -       -      +
    301D  ALA*     1.3    57.2    +      -       -      +
    303D  CYS*     3.4     3.3    +      -       -      -
    304D  ALA*     2.8    31.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 301 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    492C  THR*     3.5    12.7    -      -       -      +
    495C  ALA*     3.6    10.5    -      -       +      -
    496C  PHE*     3.4    31.4    -      -       +      +
    522C  TYR*     5.2     1.1    +      -       -      -
     66D  ASN*     3.4    11.6    -      -       -      +
    297D  ALA      2.8    20.7    +      -       -      +
    298D  VAL      3.4     4.7    -      -       -      +
    300D  ALA*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
    302D  VAL*     1.3    61.3    +      -       -      +
    304D  ALA*     3.5     2.5    -      -       -      +
    305D  THR*     3.2    23.7    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 302 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    496C  PHE*     3.8    24.7    -      -       +      -
    522C  TYR*     4.3     2.7    -      -       -      +
    527C  GLN*     3.0    30.7    -      -       +      +
    189D  ALA*     3.9    20.9    -      -       +      -
    298D  VAL*     3.0    18.8    +      -       +      +
    299D  ILE*     2.7    13.5    +      -       +      +
    301D  ALA*     1.3    74.0    -      -       -      +
    303D  CYS*     1.3    69.7    +      -       -      +
    304D  ALA      3.0     0.9    -      -       -      -
    305D  THR*     2.9    17.8    +      -       -      -
    306D  GLU*     3.1    15.4    +      -       +      +
    318D  LEU*     4.9     4.0    -      -       +      -
    322D  LEU*     4.2    17.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS 303 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     59D  LEU*     5.8     0.7    -      -       -      -
     63D  LEU*     4.2    13.0    -      -       +      -
    142D  VAL*     4.2     3.6    -      -       +      -
    143D  CYS      5.3     2.0    -      -       -      -
    178D  ILE*     3.3    24.6    -      -       +      +
    179D  ASP      3.8    22.7    -      -       -      -
    180D  GLY*     4.0    13.5    -      -       -      -
    189D  ALA*     3.9    12.8    -      -       -      -
    299D  ILE*     3.0    17.0    +      -       -      -
    300D  ALA*     3.9     5.4    -      -       -      +
    302D  VAL*     1.3    79.8    -      -       -      +
    304D  ALA*     1.3    66.9    +      -       -      +
    306D  GLU*     3.1     7.3    +      -       -      +
    307D  VAL*     3.0    24.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 304 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    492C  THR*     3.5     9.6    -      -       +      -
     63D  LEU*     4.1     9.4    -      -       +      +
     66D  ASN*     3.4    32.5    -      -       +      +
     67D  LEU*     4.7     8.3    -      -       +      +
     70D  SER*     5.6     0.4    +      -       -      -
    300D  ALA      2.8    18.9    +      -       -      +
    301D  ALA      3.5     8.7    -      -       -      +
    303D  CYS*     1.3    79.6    -      -       -      +
    305D  THR*     1.3    64.9    +      -       -      +
    307D  VAL*     3.0    15.5    +      -       -      +
    308D  PHE*     3.1    11.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 305 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    158C  LEU*     5.1    12.8    -      -       +      -
    492C  THR*     2.8    35.3    +      -       -      +
    493C  ILE*     4.8     4.4    -      -       +      +
    522C  TYR*     4.9     0.7    +      -       -      -
    524C  GLY*     5.0     1.8    -      -       -      +
    527C  GLN*     3.8    17.1    +      -       -      +
    301D  ALA      3.2     6.2    +      -       -      -
    302D  VAL      2.9     8.8    +      -       -      -
    304D  ALA*     1.3    79.3    -      -       -      +
    306D  GLU*     1.3    52.7    +      -       -      +
    308D  PHE*     2.8    13.9    +      -       +      +
    309D  LYS*     2.7    60.2    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 306 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    527C  GLN*     3.2    27.9    +      -       -      +
    178D  ILE*     4.3     6.7    -      -       +      -
    191D  VAL*     3.2    34.8    -      -       +      -
    302D  VAL*     3.1    10.9    +      -       +      +
    303D  CYS*     3.1    13.0    +      -       -      +
    305D  THR*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
    307D  VAL*     1.3    54.2    +      -       -      +
    309D  LYS*     2.9    29.8    +      -       -      +
    310D  ILE*     2.6    39.9    +      -       +      +
    317D  PRO*     3.4     3.1    -      -       +      +
    318D  LEU*     2.5    36.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 307 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     51D  VAL*     4.6     4.0    -      -       +      -
     67D  LEU*     3.7    16.8    -      -       +      -
     72D  PHE*     3.7    19.3    -      -       +      -
    140D  ILE*     3.6    34.3    -      -       +      -
    142D  VAL*     3.4    37.0    -      -       +      -
    178D  ILE*     4.2     5.4    -      -       +      +
    303D  CYS      3.0    13.8    +      -       -      +
    304D  ALA*     3.2     7.6    -      -       -      +
    306D  GLU*     1.3    75.3    -      -       -      +
    308D  PHE*     1.3    57.5    +      -       -      +
    310D  ILE*     3.0     7.3    +      -       -      +
    311D  ALA*     2.7    33.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 308 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    492C  THR*     5.7     1.1    -      -       +      +
     20D  VAL*     3.6    29.2    -      -       +      -
     23D  PHE*     4.5    16.6    -      +       +      -
     24D  LEU*     3.7    21.8    -      -       +      -
     45D  LEU*     4.2     3.4    -      -       +      -
     70D  SER*     3.6    25.6    -      -       -      +
     72D  PHE*     3.9    21.9    -      +       +      -
    304D  ALA      3.1     6.3    +      -       -      +
    305D  THR*     2.8    17.1    +      -       +      +
    307D  VAL*     1.3    80.5    -      -       -      +
    309D  LYS*     1.3    59.2    +      -       +      +
    312D  THR*     2.6    63.7    +      -       +      +
    314D  ALA*     4.3    11.0    -      -       +      -
    315D  TYR*     5.7     2.5    -      +       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 309 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    158C  LEU*     5.2     2.0    -      -       -      -
    524C  GLY      3.0    28.3    +      -       -      -
    525C  MET*     3.1    14.6    +      -       -      +
    527C  GLN*     3.6    10.1    -      -       -      +
    305D  THR*     2.7    36.2    +      -       +      +
    306D  GLU*     3.1    34.1    +      -       -      +
    308D  PHE*     1.3    75.7    -      -       +      +
    310D  ILE*     1.3    61.1    +      -       -      +
    312D  THR*     4.1     3.4    -      -       -      -
    313D  SER*     2.4    37.2    +      -       -      +
    314D  ALA*     4.7     2.7    -      -       -      +
    315D  TYR*     3.9    42.0    -      -       +      +
    316D  ILE      3.7    14.4    +      -       -      +
    317D  PRO*     4.7     4.3    -      -       +      -
    318D  LEU      4.6     0.6    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 310 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    140D  ILE*     3.9    12.6    -      -       +      -
    176D  PRO*     3.7    31.6    -      -       +      -
    178D  ILE*     3.6    31.9    -      -       +      -
    191D  VAL*     4.3    19.3    -      -       +      -
    193D  LEU*     4.9     4.0    -      -       +      -
    306D  GLU*     2.6    20.3    +      -       +      +
    307D  VAL      3.4     6.1    -      -       -      +
    309D  LYS*     1.3    75.7    -      -       -      +
    311D  ALA*     1.3    62.9    +      -       -      +
    313D  SER*     3.7    12.4    +      -       -      +
    317D  PRO*     4.0    24.7    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 311 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     45D  LEU*     4.0    11.7    -      -       +      +
     49D  CYS*     4.1     8.5    -      -       -      -
     72D  PHE*     3.7    24.7    -      -       +      -
    140D  ILE*     3.6    19.5    -      -       +      -
    307D  VAL      2.7    19.2    +      -       -      +
    308D  PHE      4.1     0.7    -      -       -      +
    310D  ILE*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
    312D  THR*     1.3    60.8    +      -       -      +
    313D  SER*     4.6     1.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 312 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     24D  LEU*     3.4    31.4    -      -       +      -
     35D  PHE*     4.1     9.9    -      -       -      -
     41D  SER      6.1     0.4    -      -       -      +
     45D  LEU*     3.9    22.4    -      -       +      -
    308D  PHE*     2.6    44.3    +      -       +      +
    309D  LYS*     4.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    311D  ALA*     1.3    78.0    -      -       -      +
    313D  SER*     1.3    73.9    +      -       -      +
    314D  ALA*     3.3    17.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 313 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     32D  HIS*     3.5    28.9    -      -       -      +
     34D  ASP*     4.8    12.8    -      -       -      +
     35D  PHE*     3.1    23.2    -      -       -      +
    309D  LYS      2.4    26.8    +      -       -      -
    310D  ILE*     3.7    11.6    +      -       -      +
    311D  ALA      3.5     1.2    +      -       -      -
    312D  THR*     1.3    71.6    -      -       -      +
    314D  ALA*     1.3    56.4    +      -       -      +
    315D  TYR      3.3    10.3    -      -       -      +
    317D  PRO*     6.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il