Contacts of the helix formed by residues 66 - 88 (chain J) in PDB entry 1RQF


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with PRO 66 (chain J).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     17H  ARG*     3.2    36.6    -      -       -      +
    150H  ARG*     3.7    26.2    -      -       -      +
     62J  LEU      5.5     1.1    -      -       -      +
     63J  GLU      4.9     2.2    -      -       -      +
     64J  ASP      2.8    22.2    -      -       -      +
     65J  ASN*     1.3    75.9    -      -       -      +
     67J  ASN*     1.3    58.0    +      -       -      +
     69J  SER*     2.6    21.3    -      -       -      -
     70J  ASP*     2.2    33.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 67 (chain J). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    173A  GLU*     3.4    26.4    +      -       -      +
    174A  TYR*     3.4    49.9    +      -       -      +
     17H  ARG*     2.9    27.8    +      -       -      +
     65J  ASN*     3.7     1.8    -      -       -      +
     66J  PRO*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
     68J  GLN*     1.3    58.2    +      -       -      +
     69J  SER      2.7    13.4    +      -       -      -
     70J  ASP*     2.7    21.9    +      -       -      +
     71J  LEU*     3.1    19.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 68 (chain J). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    101A  TYR*     5.7     0.2    +      -       -      -
    117A  GLN*     4.5     8.1    +      -       -      +
    139A  LYS*     5.9     0.3    +      -       -      -
    173A  GLU      4.9     5.4    -      -       -      +
    174A  TYR      4.0    13.8    -      -       -      +
    175A  ARG      4.7    10.5    -      -       -      +
    176A  PRO*     4.2    18.7    -      -       +      +
    177A  LYS*     5.0     3.4    -      -       +      +
     45J  HIS*     4.4    14.9    -      -       -      -
     61J  GLU*     4.4    11.9    -      -       +      +
     65J  ASN*     3.0    32.0    +      -       -      +
     67J  ASN*     1.3    75.3    -      -       -      +
     69J  SER*     1.3    61.7    +      -       -      +
     71J  LEU*     3.7    26.2    +      -       -      +
     72J  ILE*     3.6    21.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 69 (chain J). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     52J  MET*     5.0     0.3    -      -       -      +
     61J  GLU*     3.7    18.1    -      -       -      +
     62J  LEU*     3.1    28.1    -      -       -      +
     65J  ASN      3.1    17.8    +      -       -      -
     66J  PRO*     2.6    19.1    -      -       -      -
     67J  ASN      2.7     0.4    +      -       -      -
     68J  GLN*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
     70J  ASP*     1.3    52.4    +      -       -      -
     72J  ILE*     2.8    27.3    +      -       -      +
     73J  GLU*     3.1    23.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 70 (chain J). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     66J  PRO*     2.2    46.7    +      -       -      +
     67J  ASN*     2.7    12.9    +      -       -      +
     69J  SER*     1.3    70.5    -      -       -      +
     71J  LEU*     1.3    63.7    +      -       +      +
     73J  GLU*     3.1    24.3    +      -       -      +
     74J  GLN*     3.0    31.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 71 (chain J). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    101A  TYR*     5.4     8.3    -      -       +      +
    102A  GLN*     4.5    27.4    -      -       +      +
    117A  GLN*     6.3     0.4    -      -       -      +
    118A  PRO*     5.9     4.0    -      -       +      -
    174A  TYR*     4.5    17.7    -      -       +      +
     44J  PRO*     5.4     1.0    -      -       -      +
     45J  HIS*     4.0    18.3    -      -       -      +
     67J  ASN*     3.1    21.2    +      -       -      +
     68J  GLN*     3.7    39.5    -      -       -      +
     69J  SER      3.1     0.2    +      -       -      -
     70J  ASP*     1.3    78.9    -      -       +      +
     72J  ILE*     1.3    58.0    +      -       -      +
     74J  GLN*     3.6     8.9    +      -       +      +
     75J  ALA*     3.1    24.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 72 (chain J). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     45J  HIS*     4.2    14.4    -      -       +      +
     48J  GLN*     2.8    63.7    -      -       +      +
     49J  ALA*     4.1     2.2    -      -       +      +
     52J  MET*     3.9    18.8    -      -       +      -
     61J  GLU*     3.6    29.2    -      -       +      +
     68J  GLN*     3.6    14.4    -      -       -      +
     69J  SER*     2.8     9.2    +      -       -      +
     71J  LEU*     1.3    75.8    -      -       -      +
     73J  GLU*     1.3    61.5    +      -       -      +
     75J  ALA*     3.1     6.8    +      -       -      +
     76J  ALA*     2.9    27.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 73 (chain J). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      9J  TRP*     5.0     3.0    +      -       -      +
     12J  TRP*     6.0     2.1    -      -       -      -
     52J  MET*     3.7    30.5    -      -       +      +
     62J  LEU*     5.2     1.0    -      -       -      +
     69J  SER*     3.1    27.0    +      -       -      +
     70J  ASP*     3.1    28.9    +      -       -      +
     72J  ILE*     1.3    77.6    -      -       -      +
     74J  GLN*     1.3    66.8    +      -       -      +
     76J  ALA*     3.3     4.2    +      -       -      +
     77J  GLU*     3.1    21.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 74 (chain J). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     70J  ASP*     3.0    22.1    +      -       +      +
     71J  LEU*     4.0     9.0    -      -       +      +
     73J  GLU*     1.3    82.2    -      -       -      +
     75J  ALA*     1.3    57.7    +      -       -      +
     77J  GLU*     3.1    32.1    +      -       -      +
     78J  MET*     3.0    27.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 75 (chain J). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     43J  VAL*     4.5     2.5    -      -       +      +
     44J  PRO*     3.1    40.4    -      -       +      +
     45J  HIS*     4.4     2.2    -      -       +      -
     49J  ALA*     3.6    11.6    -      -       +      +
     71J  LEU      3.1    15.5    +      -       -      +
     72J  ILE*     3.1    12.5    +      -       -      +
     74J  GLN*     1.3    74.8    -      -       -      +
     76J  ALA*     1.3    60.1    +      -       -      +
     78J  MET*     3.2     6.3    +      -       -      +
     79J  LEU*     2.8    31.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 76 (chain J). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      9J  TRP*     4.0    10.5    -      -       +      -
     49J  ALA*     3.4    27.3    -      -       -      +
     52J  MET*     3.9    19.3    -      -       +      -
     53J  ILE*     3.5    12.7    -      -       +      +
     72J  ILE      2.9    13.8    +      -       -      +
     73J  GLU      3.6     8.3    -      -       -      +
     75J  ALA*     1.3    75.6    -      -       -      +
     77J  GLU*     1.3    53.9    +      -       -      +
     80J  TYR*     2.8    37.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 77 (chain J). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      9J  TRP*     4.3    11.0    -      -       +      -
     12J  TRP*     6.1     1.4    -      -       -      -
     13J  PHE*     3.5    31.5    -      -       +      -
     16J  LEU*     6.0     1.6    -      -       -      +
     73J  GLU      3.1    11.4    +      -       -      +
     74J  GLN*     3.1    33.5    +      -       -      +
     75J  ALA      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
     76J  ALA*     1.3    78.6    -      -       -      +
     78J  MET*     1.3    60.7    +      -       -      +
     80J  TYR*     3.6     2.3    +      -       -      +
     81J  GLY*     3.2    17.8    +      -       -      -
    158J  TYR*     4.4     9.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 78 (chain J). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    103A  GLN      5.4     6.7    -      -       -      +
    108A  TYR*     5.0     7.0    -      -       -      +
     42J  GLN      4.1    12.1    -      -       -      +
     43J  VAL*     3.7    24.9    -      -       +      -
     44J  PRO*     4.6     8.1    -      -       -      -
     74J  GLN      3.0    16.0    +      -       -      +
     75J  ALA*     3.2     6.3    +      -       -      +
     77J  GLU*     1.3    76.0    -      -       -      +
     79J  LEU*     1.3    65.0    +      -       -      +
     81J  GLY*     3.1     3.1    +      -       -      -
     82J  LEU*     3.0    30.2    +      -       +      +
    128J  PRO*     4.4    19.5    -      -       +      -
    158J  TYR*     3.4    26.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 79 (chain J). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     36J  LEU*     5.5     1.8    -      -       +      -
     39J  LEU*     4.1    23.6    -      -       +      -
     40J  ASN*     4.4     8.7    -      -       -      +
     43J  VAL*     3.9    27.3    -      -       +      +
     46J  TYR      4.0     7.4    -      -       -      +
     49J  ALA*     4.2     3.8    -      -       +      -
     50J  LEU*     3.8    43.7    -      -       +      +
     53J  ILE*     3.8    10.1    -      -       +      -
     75J  ALA      2.8    17.0    +      -       -      +
     76J  ALA      3.8     3.4    -      -       -      +
     78J  MET*     1.3    77.6    -      -       -      +
     80J  TYR*     1.3    62.1    +      -       -      +
     82J  LEU*     3.4     2.5    +      -       +      +
     83J  ILE*     3.1    44.2    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 80 (chain J). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      9J  TRP*     3.6    24.2    -      +       +      -
     10J  ILE*     3.7    20.5    -      -       +      +
     13J  PHE*     3.6    36.8    -      +       +      -
     14J  CYS*     3.5    13.9    -      -       -      -
     22J  PHE*     4.2    14.8    -      +       -      -
     23J  CYS      2.7    24.4    +      -       -      -
     24J  GLU*     3.6     0.3    -      -       -      -
     25J  VAL*     3.1    37.5    +      -       +      +
     30J  ILE*     4.6     3.6    -      -       +      -
     53J  ILE*     3.7    17.9    -      -       +      +
     76J  ALA      2.8    22.4    +      -       -      +
     77J  GLU      4.0     2.9    -      -       -      +
     79J  LEU*     1.3    72.9    -      -       -      +
     81J  GLY*     1.3    54.1    +      -       -      +
     83J  ILE*     3.2     7.3    +      -       +      +
     84J  HIS*     2.8    34.8    +      +       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 81 (chain J). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     22J  PHE*     4.5     5.6    -      -       -      -
     77J  GLU      3.2     6.5    +      -       -      -
     78J  MET      3.1     4.7    +      -       -      -
     80J  TYR*     1.3    79.8    -      -       -      +
     82J  LEU*     1.3    61.0    +      -       -      +
     84J  HIS*     3.0     9.4    +      -       -      +
     85J  ALA      2.9    18.0    +      -       -      -
    158J  TYR*     3.4    42.3    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 82 (chain J). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     39J  LEU*     3.7    24.0    -      -       +      +
     42J  GLN*     3.8    31.9    -      -       +      +
     43J  VAL*     3.6    29.4    -      -       +      -
     78J  MET*     3.0    17.9    +      -       +      +
     79J  LEU*     3.9     4.7    -      -       +      +
     81J  GLY*     1.3    74.2    -      -       -      +
     83J  ILE*     1.3    61.6    +      -       -      +
     85J  ALA*     3.3    20.0    +      -       +      +
     86J  ARG*     3.4    12.3    +      -       -      +
    126J  ASP      5.6     0.9    -      -       -      +
    128J  PRO*     3.8    28.5    -      -       +      -
    157J  ALA*     5.0     5.8    -      -       +      +
    158J  TYR*     4.0    12.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 83 (chain J). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     25J  VAL*     4.2    15.3    -      -       +      -
     29J  TYR*     3.9    25.6    -      -       +      -
     30J  ILE*     4.3    18.4    -      -       +      -
     36J  LEU*     3.9    24.9    -      -       +      -
     39J  LEU*     3.5    23.3    -      -       +      -
     50J  LEU*     4.8     0.4    -      -       +      -
     53J  ILE*     4.5     7.9    -      -       +      -
     79J  LEU*     3.1    35.0    +      -       +      +
     80J  TYR*     3.5    11.0    -      -       +      +
     82J  LEU*     1.3    73.2    -      -       -      +
     84J  HIS*     1.3    62.4    +      -       -      +
     86J  ARG*     3.1     5.8    +      -       -      +
     87J  TYR*     2.8    30.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 84 (chain J). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     22J  PHE*     3.6    29.8    -      +       +      -
     23J  CYS*     3.2    49.8    +      -       -      +
     25J  VAL*     4.3     9.6    -      -       +      -
     80J  TYR*     2.8    18.6    +      -       +      +
     81J  GLY*     3.0    13.7    +      -       -      +
     83J  ILE*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
     85J  ALA*     1.3    61.8    +      -       -      +
     87J  TYR*     3.2     5.9    +      +       -      +
     88J  ILE*     2.9    41.4    +      -       +      +
     97J  MET*     4.4     4.2    -      -       +      -
    158J  TYR      2.9    18.3    +      -       -      +
    159J  PHE*     3.7    22.9    -      +       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 85 (chain J). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     81J  GLY      2.9     8.6    +      -       -      +
     82J  LEU*     3.3    13.5    -      -       +      +
     83J  ILE      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
     84J  HIS*     1.3    78.6    -      -       -      +
     86J  ARG*     1.3    63.4    +      -       +      +
     88J  ILE*     3.6    15.6    -      -       -      +
     89J  LEU*     3.6    13.8    -      -       -      +
    157J  ALA      3.5    24.9    -      -       -      +
    158J  TYR      3.5    11.2    +      -       -      +
    159J  PHE*     4.4     3.2    -      -       -      +
    160J  GLY*     4.8     5.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 86 (chain J). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    153B  HIS*     4.2     6.8    +      -       -      -
     29J  TYR*     3.5    13.7    -      -       -      +
     34J  PHE      4.8     0.6    +      -       -      -
     35J  ASN      2.9    30.5    +      -       -      -
     36J  LEU      3.7     0.6    -      -       -      -
     37J  THR*     2.8    38.9    +      -       -      +
     38J  GLY*     4.2     5.3    -      -       -      -
     39J  LEU*     4.0    28.8    -      -       +      +
     42J  GLN*     5.2     2.6    -      -       -      +
     82J  LEU      3.4    11.2    +      -       -      +
     83J  ILE*     3.1     5.5    +      -       -      +
     85J  ALA*     1.3    74.9    -      -       +      +
     87J  TYR*     1.3    68.1    +      -       -      +
     89J  LEU*     3.0    28.6    +      -       -      +
     90J  THR*     3.7     6.8    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 87 (chain J). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     23J  CYS*     4.0    15.3    -      -       -      -
     25J  VAL*     3.6    30.7    -      -       +      -
     26J  ASP*     3.3    16.2    +      -       -      -
     29J  TYR*     3.7    51.3    +      +       +      -
     83J  ILE      2.8    17.9    +      -       -      +
     84J  HIS*     3.4     6.5    -      -       -      +
     86J  ARG*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
     88J  ILE*     1.3    59.8    +      -       +      +
     89J  LEU      2.9     4.5    +      -       -      -
     90J  THR*     2.8    34.3    +      -       -      -
     92J  ARG*     2.8    22.0    +      -       +      -
     93J  GLY*     3.4    15.0    -      -       -      -
     96J  GLN*     2.4    37.8    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 88 (chain J). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     23J  CYS*     4.1     9.2    -      -       -      -
     84J  HIS*     2.9    49.5    +      -       +      +
     85J  ALA      3.6    10.1    -      -       -      +
     87J  TYR*     1.3    71.5    -      -       +      +
     89J  LEU*     1.3    58.3    +      -       +      +
     90J  THR      3.5     0.4    -      -       -      -
     93J  GLY*     4.0     7.9    -      -       -      +
     94J  ILE*     3.2    20.1    -      -       -      +
     97J  MET*     3.6    30.7    -      -       +      -
    159J  PHE*     3.6    32.8    -      -       +      +
    163J  PHE*     3.3    39.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il