Contacts of the helix formed by residues 145 - 171 (chain D) in PDB entry 1TKP


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASP 145 (chain D).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     22D  MET*     3.4    30.6    -      -       +      +
     30D  CYS*     3.6    22.8    -      -       -      -
     84D  ARG*     2.8    24.4    +      -       -      -
     88D  LEU*     4.0     5.4    -      -       -      +
    140D  ALA*     2.9    19.0    +      -       +      +
    143D  LEU*     3.3     4.8    -      -       +      -
    144D  GLY*     1.3    73.2    -      -       -      +
    146D  HIS*     1.3    60.8    +      -       -      +
    147D  ALA*     3.7     2.9    +      -       -      +
    148D  THR*     2.4    31.1    +      -       -      -
    149D  ALA*     3.0    18.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 146 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    141D  GLU*     2.1    49.3    +      -       -      +
    144D  GLY*     3.2    34.5    +      -       -      -
    145D  ASP*     1.3    69.3    -      -       -      +
    147D  ALA*     1.3    56.2    +      -       -      +
    149D  ALA*     3.7     0.9    -      -       -      +
    150D  HIS*     2.8    36.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 147 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     84D  ARG*     3.4    24.9    -      -       -      +
    145D  ASP*     3.2     1.9    +      -       -      +
    146D  HIS*     1.3    75.5    -      -       -      +
    148D  THR*     1.3    60.9    -      -       -      +
    150D  HIS*     3.5     8.1    +      -       -      +
    151D  MET*     2.9    31.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 148 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     30D  CYS*     4.5     5.2    -      -       +      -
     34D  LEU*     3.9    35.7    -      -       +      -
     84D  ARG*     2.7    27.3    +      -       +      +
     88D  LEU*     4.1     1.2    -      -       -      +
    140D  ALA*     4.0    13.2    -      -       +      -
    145D  ASP*     2.4    38.3    +      -       -      +
    147D  ALA*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
    149D  ALA*     1.3    56.7    -      -       -      +
    151D  MET*     3.3     7.5    +      -       -      +
    152D  LEU*     2.9    33.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 149 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    137D  THR*     3.8    15.9    -      -       -      +
    140D  ALA*     3.7     8.7    -      -       +      +
    141D  GLU*     3.6    34.3    -      -       +      +
    145D  ASP      3.0    14.2    +      -       -      +
    146D  HIS      3.7     6.1    -      -       -      +
    148D  THR*     1.3    73.7    -      -       -      +
    150D  HIS*     1.3    58.5    +      -       -      +
    152D  LEU*     3.2     9.0    +      -       -      +
    153D  ARG*     3.0    39.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 150 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    146D  HIS      2.8    18.4    +      -       -      +
    147D  ALA*     3.6     7.2    -      -       -      +
    149D  ALA*     1.3    73.5    -      -       -      +
    151D  MET*     1.3    69.4    +      -       +      +
    153D  ARG*     3.1    23.2    +      -       +      +
    154D  GLU*     3.0    63.8    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 151 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     34D  LEU*     5.5     2.0    -      -       -      -
     80D  GLU*     3.7    54.1    -      -       +      +
     81D  LEU*     4.5    12.1    -      -       +      -
     84D  ARG*     3.6    40.8    -      -       +      +
    147D  ALA*     2.9    19.5    +      -       +      +
    148D  THR*     3.8     4.0    -      -       -      +
    150D  HIS*     1.3    76.8    -      -       +      +
    152D  LEU*     1.3    66.9    +      -       +      +
    154D  GLU*     3.3     8.4    +      -       +      +
    155D  GLY*     2.9    21.1    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 152 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     34D  LEU*     3.8    17.5    -      -       +      -
     37D  ASP*     4.1    10.1    -      -       -      +
     81D  LEU*     3.7    30.5    -      -       +      -
    133D  THR*     3.6    14.9    -      -       +      +
    136D  HIS*     3.7    17.7    -      -       +      +
    137D  THR*     3.5    37.9    -      -       +      +
    140D  ALA*     4.7     0.2    -      -       +      -
    148D  THR*     2.9    29.5    +      -       +      +
    149D  ALA*     3.4     7.6    -      -       -      +
    150D  HIS      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    151D  MET*     1.3    75.3    -      -       +      +
    153D  ARG*     1.4    52.4    +      -       -      +
    155D  GLY*     3.3     2.2    +      -       -      +
    156D  LEU*     2.6    37.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 153 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    137D  THR*     4.5    18.6    +      -       +      +
    141D  GLU*     3.1    45.9    +      -       -      +
    149D  ALA*     3.0    18.6    +      -       -      +
    150D  HIS*     3.1    32.6    +      -       -      +
    152D  LEU*     1.4    70.6    -      -       -      +
    154D  GLU*     1.3    65.9    +      -       +      +
    156D  LEU*     3.7    10.9    -      -       +      +
    157D  ILE*     3.1    26.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 154 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    150D  HIS*     3.0    53.9    +      -       +      +
    151D  MET*     3.7     7.2    -      -       +      +
    153D  ARG*     1.3    76.5    -      -       +      +
    155D  GLY*     1.3    60.8    +      -       -      +
    157D  ILE*     3.7    11.6    -      -       -      +
    158D  GLU*     3.7    16.8    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 155 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     77D  VAL*     4.2    22.9    -      -       -      +
    151D  MET      2.9    14.6    +      -       -      -
    152D  LEU*     3.6     2.2    -      -       -      -
    154D  GLU*     1.3    75.7    -      -       -      +
    156D  LEU*     1.3    67.9    +      -       -      +
    158D  GLU*     2.9    15.2    +      -       -      +
    159D  LEU*     3.0    21.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 156 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    130D  ILE*     4.0    19.7    -      -       +      +
    133D  THR*     3.6    30.0    -      -       +      +
    134D  ARG*     4.1    19.3    -      -       +      +
    137D  THR*     5.0     4.9    -      -       +      -
    152D  LEU      2.6    21.2    +      -       -      +
    153D  ARG*     3.2    13.8    +      -       +      +
    155D  GLY*     1.3    73.2    -      -       -      +
    157D  ILE*     1.3    59.0    +      -       -      +
    159D  LEU*     3.0     7.6    +      -       +      +
    160D  GLU*     2.7    67.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 157 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    153D  ARG      3.1    12.7    +      -       -      +
    154D  GLU*     3.7    12.8    -      -       -      +
    156D  LEU*     1.3    79.1    -      -       -      +
    158D  GLU*     1.3    81.9    +      -       -      +
    160D  GLU*     4.0     9.8    -      -       +      +
    161D  ASP*     3.2    25.4    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 158 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     73D  THR*     3.7    27.9    +      -       +      +
     77D  VAL*     5.0     2.0    -      -       +      -
    154D  GLU      3.7    13.4    -      -       -      +
    155D  GLY*     2.9    10.3    +      -       -      +
    157D  ILE*     1.3    98.0    -      -       -      +
    159D  LEU*     1.3    66.8    +      -       -      +
    161D  ASP*     3.3     8.5    +      -       -      +
    162D  ASP*     3.0    27.3    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 159 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     41D  VAL*     4.9     3.1    -      -       +      -
     44D  LEU*     4.7    10.5    -      -       +      -
     73D  THR*     4.5     9.9    -      -       +      -
     74D  ALA*     4.8     5.8    -      -       +      -
     77D  VAL*     4.0    35.2    -      -       +      -
    126D  TYR*     3.7    26.9    -      -       +      -
    129D  ILE*     3.8    28.3    -      -       +      -
    130D  ILE*     4.3    13.2    -      -       +      -
    133D  THR*     4.7     6.5    -      -       +      +
    155D  GLY      3.0    16.6    +      -       -      +
    156D  LEU*     3.0    12.0    +      -       +      +
    158D  GLU*     1.3    78.2    -      -       -      +
    160D  GLU*     1.3    59.0    +      -       -      +
    162D  ASP      3.2     1.6    +      -       -      -
    163D  ALA*     2.9    29.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 160 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    130D  ILE*     3.7    23.3    -      -       +      -
    134D  ARG*     3.1    30.6    +      -       -      -
    156D  LEU*     2.7    49.7    +      -       +      +
    157D  ILE*     4.1    10.4    -      -       +      +
    159D  LEU*     1.3    80.3    -      -       -      +
    161D  ASP*     1.3    56.5    +      -       -      +
    163D  ALA*     3.6     1.2    -      -       -      +
    164D  HIS*     2.7    32.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 161 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    157D  ILE*     3.2    23.3    +      -       +      +
    158D  GLU*     3.9     9.7    -      -       -      +
    159D  LEU      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    160D  GLU*     1.3    75.5    -      -       -      +
    162D  ASP*     1.4    69.5    +      -       -      +
    164D  HIS*     3.2     8.8    +      -       -      +
    165D  HIS*     3.0    64.6    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 162 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     66D  PHE*     3.7    14.2    -      -       +      -
     69D  GLU      5.0     0.2    -      -       -      -
     70D  ALA*     3.5    31.5    -      -       +      +
     73D  THR*     3.6    23.9    +      -       -      +
    126D  TYR*     3.4    27.6    +      -       +      +
    158D  GLU      3.0    11.8    +      -       -      +
    159D  LEU*     5.5     0.3    -      -       -      +
    161D  ASP*     1.4    81.4    -      -       -      +
    163D  ALA*     1.3    63.0    +      -       -      +
    165D  HIS*     3.2    10.5    +      -       -      +
    166D  ILE*     3.1    26.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 163 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    123D  MET*     4.7     9.2    -      -       +      +
    126D  TYR*     3.6    34.1    -      -       +      -
    127D  GLY*     6.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    130D  ILE*     3.8    13.5    -      -       +      -
    159D  LEU      2.9    16.8    +      -       -      +
    160D  GLU      3.6     4.0    -      -       -      +
    162D  ASP*     1.3    77.7    -      -       -      +
    164D  HIS*     1.3    64.2    +      -       -      +
    166D  ILE*     3.4     6.0    +      -       -      +
    167D  GLU*     3.0    22.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 164 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    160D  GLU      2.7    18.0    +      -       -      +
    161D  ASP*     3.7     9.3    +      -       -      +
    162D  ASP      3.1     0.4    -      -       -      -
    163D  ALA*     1.3    80.0    -      -       -      +
    165D  HIS*     1.3    74.1    +      +       -      +
    167D  GLU*     3.1    21.4    +      -       -      +
    168D  HIS*     2.9    64.2    +      +       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 165 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     66D  PHE*     3.5    31.9    -      +       +      -
    161D  ASP*     3.0    47.0    +      -       -      -
    162D  ASP*     3.4    11.2    -      -       -      +
    164D  HIS*     1.3    85.7    +      +       -      +
    166D  ILE*     1.3    60.3    +      -       -      +
    168D  HIS*     2.9    10.7    +      -       -      +
    169D  TYR*     2.8    36.4    +      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 166 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     48D  LEU*     4.9     3.1    -      -       +      -
     66D  PHE*     3.7    21.8    -      -       +      -
     67D  LEU*     5.3     0.2    -      -       +      -
    119D  LEU*     3.5    34.8    -      -       +      +
    122D  ASP*     3.9    17.5    -      -       +      +
    123D  MET*     3.9    15.0    -      -       +      +
    126D  TYR*     3.3    39.5    -      -       +      +
    162D  ASP      3.1     8.6    +      -       -      +
    163D  ALA*     3.6     7.2    -      -       -      +
    165D  HIS*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
    167D  GLU*     1.3    63.8    +      -       -      +
    169D  TYR*     3.1    20.1    +      -       -      +
    170D  LEU*     3.2    22.6    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 167 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    123D  MET*     4.0    25.4    -      -       +      +
    163D  ALA      3.0    15.1    +      -       -      +
    164D  HIS*     3.4    25.1    -      -       -      +
    165D  HIS      3.1     0.6    -      -       -      -
    166D  ILE*     1.3    77.1    -      -       -      +
    168D  HIS*     1.3    67.5    +      -       +      +
    170D  LEU*     3.3    13.1    +      -       -      +
    171D  GLU*     3.4    21.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 168 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    164D  HIS*     2.9    45.9    +      +       -      +
    165D  HIS*     2.9    12.8    +      -       -      +
    167D  GLU*     1.3    80.5    -      -       +      +
    169D  TYR*     1.3    64.5    +      -       -      +
    170D  LEU      3.1     0.9    +      -       -      -
    171D  GLU*     3.3    29.5    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 169 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    175A  LEU*     3.5    40.0    -      -       +      +
     59D  GLU*     5.9     1.3    -      -       +      -
     62D  ASP*     2.5    34.1    +      -       -      -
     63D  LEU*     3.7    20.4    -      -       +      -
     66D  PHE*     3.5    45.4    -      +       -      +
    116D  ARG*     4.3     1.0    +      -       -      -
    119D  LEU*     3.9    16.2    -      -       +      -
    165D  HIS*     2.8    24.9    +      -       +      -
    166D  ILE*     3.1    13.6    +      -       -      +
    168D  HIS*     1.3    76.8    -      -       -      +
    170D  LEU*     1.4    60.5    +      -       -      +
    171D  GLU      3.6     4.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 170 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    175A  LEU*     4.3     1.8    -      -       +      -
    116D  ARG*     2.9    75.3    +      -       +      +
    119D  LEU*     3.9    14.8    -      -       +      -
    120D  ALA*     4.0    25.6    -      -       +      +
    123D  MET*     4.1    16.8    -      -       +      -
    166D  ILE*     3.2    30.8    +      -       +      +
    167D  GLU*     3.3     6.0    +      -       -      +
    168D  HIS      3.1     0.8    -      -       -      -
    169D  TYR*     1.4    74.0    -      -       -      +
    171D  GLU*     1.3    67.1    +      -       -      +
    172D  ASP*     3.9     0.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 171 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    180A  ALA*     4.8     1.0    -      -       -      +
    116D  ARG*     4.7     3.5    +      -       -      -
    167D  GLU*     3.4    21.9    +      -       +      +
    168D  HIS*     3.3    28.9    +      -       +      +
    169D  TYR      4.1     5.4    -      -       -      +
    170D  LEU*     1.3    83.7    -      -       -      +
    172D  ASP*     1.3    76.6    +      -       -      +
    173D  ASP*     3.1    19.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il