Contacts of the helix formed by residues 575 - 598 (chain A) in PDB entry 1U1H


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with PRO 575 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    574A  GLN*     1.3    89.2    -      -       +      +
    576A  ARG*     1.3    66.1    +      -       -      +
    577A  HIS*     3.5    32.3    -      -       +      +
    578A  GLU*     3.2    36.2    +      -       +      +
    579A  THR*     3.3     5.2    +      -       -      -
    771A  SO4      3.5    11.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 576 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    270A  ARG*     4.9    18.5    -      -       -      +
    565A  LEU*     4.0    17.4    -      -       +      +
    566A  ASN*     3.9    20.2    +      -       -      -
    570A  VAL*     5.2    14.6    -      -       +      -
    571A  ARG      6.1     0.9    -      -       -      +
    574A  GLN      3.5     2.6    +      -       -      +
    575A  PRO*     1.3    68.0    -      -       -      +
    577A  HIS*     1.3    55.1    +      -       -      +
    579A  THR*     2.9    10.8    +      -       -      +
    580A  CYS*     2.7    32.9    +      -       -      +
    612A  GLY*     3.2    30.5    +      -       -      -
    614A  PRO*     4.5     9.9    -      -       -      +
    623A  TYR*     3.9    14.3    -      -       -      +
    626A  TRP*     4.1    18.6    -      -       +      -
    771A  SO4      3.0    28.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 577 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    575A  PRO*     3.5    24.5    -      -       +      +
    576A  ARG*     1.3    75.7    -      -       -      +
    578A  GLU*     1.3    88.6    +      -       +      +
    580A  CYS*     3.5     0.9    -      -       -      +
    581A  TYR*     2.9    41.7    +      +       +      -
    622A  PHE*     3.8    24.6    -      +       -      -
    626A  TRP*     3.3    49.0    -      +       +      -
    771A  SO4      2.8    23.9    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 578 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    574A  GLN*     3.2    30.9    -      -       -      +
    575A  PRO*     3.2    31.8    +      -       +      +
    576A  ARG      3.1     0.4    -      -       -      -
    577A  HIS*     1.3    95.2    +      -       +      +
    579A  THR*     1.3    63.2    +      -       -      +
    581A  TYR*     3.4    14.5    +      -       -      +
    582A  GLN*     3.4    21.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 579 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    528A  ILE*     4.3    18.2    -      -       +      -
    530A  GLY      6.1     0.2    -      -       -      +
    532A  VAL*     5.3     3.4    -      -       +      -
    565A  LEU*     3.5    22.7    -      -       +      -
    570A  VAL*     4.0    13.5    -      -       +      +
    571A  ARG*     4.0    10.4    +      -       -      +
    574A  GLN*     2.6    33.0    +      -       -      +
    575A  PRO      3.3     2.9    +      -       -      -
    576A  ARG      2.9    10.1    +      -       -      -
    578A  GLU*     1.3    77.4    -      -       -      +
    580A  CYS*     1.3    65.3    +      -       -      +
    582A  GLN*     3.0    18.7    +      -       +      +
    583A  ILE*     3.2    18.5    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS 580 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    561A  PRO*     3.8    24.6    -      -       -      +
    562A  VAL*     3.9     8.5    -      -       -      -
    565A  LEU*     3.8     7.2    -      -       +      +
    576A  ARG      2.7    11.8    +      -       -      +
    577A  HIS      3.1     6.5    +      -       -      +
    579A  THR*     1.3    74.4    -      -       -      +
    581A  TYR*     1.3    56.2    +      -       -      +
    583A  ILE*     3.2    13.4    +      -       -      +
    584A  ALA*     2.9    25.1    +      -       -      +
    626A  TRP*     3.5    33.4    -      -       +      -
    630A  SER*     3.2    29.4    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 581 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    401A  ALA*     6.2     4.7    -      -       +      -
    404A  ALA*     5.2    13.9    -      -       +      -
    577A  HIS*     2.9    35.5    +      +       -      +
    578A  GLU*     3.8     9.4    -      -       -      +
    579A  THR      3.1     0.4    -      -       -      -
    580A  CYS*     1.3    73.0    -      -       -      +
    582A  GLN*     1.3    61.9    +      -       +      +
    584A  ALA*     3.1     4.0    +      -       -      +
    585A  LEU*     2.8    36.8    +      -       +      +
    625A  ASP*     5.3     1.4    +      -       -      -
    626A  TRP*     3.3    31.4    -      -       +      +
    629A  HIS*     3.2    22.9    +      +       -      -
    630A  SER*     3.3    24.9    -      -       -      -
    633A  ILE*     3.4    28.8    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 582 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    397A  GLY*     5.6     5.1    -      -       -      +
    398A  VAL*     5.6     0.5    -      -       -      +
    401A  ALA*     5.2    13.5    -      -       +      -
    530A  GLY      4.2     0.2    +      -       -      -
    531A  ASP*     2.8    35.4    -      -       -      +
    532A  VAL*     2.6    60.6    +      -       +      +
    571A  ARG*     3.7     3.9    +      -       -      +
    574A  GLN*     3.7    20.1    +      -       -      +
    578A  GLU*     3.5    16.7    -      -       +      +
    579A  THR*     3.0     9.7    +      -       -      +
    581A  TYR*     1.3    77.9    -      -       +      +
    583A  ILE*     1.3    61.8    +      -       -      +
    585A  LEU*     3.4    10.1    +      -       -      +
    586A  ALA*     3.2    18.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 583 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    504A  LEU*     5.1     5.8    -      -       +      -
    507A  PHE*     5.3     0.9    -      -       +      -
    528A  ILE*     4.3    10.3    -      -       +      -
    532A  VAL*     4.6    18.4    -      -       +      -
    561A  PRO*     3.5    37.0    -      -       +      +
    564A  ILE*     4.2    23.8    -      -       +      -
    565A  LEU*     3.9    31.2    -      -       +      +
    579A  THR*     3.2    22.0    +      -       +      +
    580A  CYS*     3.4     7.6    -      -       -      +
    581A  TYR      3.1     0.4    -      -       -      -
    582A  GLN*     1.3    75.5    -      -       -      +
    584A  ALA*     1.3    64.0    +      -       -      +
    586A  ALA*     3.2     6.7    +      -       -      +
    587A  ILE*     3.0    30.8    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 584 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    561A  PRO*     3.6    10.5    -      -       +      +
    580A  CYS      2.9    13.8    +      -       -      +
    581A  TYR*     3.1    10.3    +      -       -      +
    583A  ILE*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
    585A  LEU*     1.3    57.1    +      -       -      +
    587A  ILE*     3.2     3.5    +      -       -      +
    588A  LYS*     2.8    30.8    +      -       -      +
    630A  SER*     3.2    33.7    -      -       -      +
    633A  ILE*     3.9    15.3    -      -       +      -
    634A  THR*     4.0     7.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 585 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    397A  GLY      5.2     1.1    -      -       -      +
    400A  LYS*     3.6    53.8    -      -       +      +
    401A  ALA*     4.0     8.5    -      -       -      +
    404A  ALA*     5.9     6.3    -      -       +      -
    581A  TYR*     2.8    22.8    +      -       +      +
    582A  GLN*     3.6    10.5    -      -       -      +
    584A  ALA*     1.3    72.7    -      -       -      +
    586A  ALA*     1.3    62.0    +      -       -      +
    588A  LYS*     3.0    34.7    -      -       +      +
    589A  ASP*     3.5    11.3    +      -       -      +
    633A  ILE*     3.9    20.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 586 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    504A  LEU*     4.1    12.6    -      -       +      -
    532A  VAL*     4.7     2.9    -      -       +      -
    533A  SER*     4.0     9.9    -      -       -      +
    534A  ARG*     3.6    41.4    -      -       +      +
    538A  MSE      5.1     1.0    -      -       -      +
    582A  GLN      3.2     9.2    +      -       -      +
    583A  ILE*     3.2    10.3    +      -       -      +
    585A  LEU*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
    587A  ILE*     1.3    66.5    +      -       +      +
    589A  ASP*     3.3    21.1    +      -       -      +
    590A  GLU*     3.7     3.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 587 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    500A  PHE*     5.3     4.7    -      -       +      -
    504A  LEU*     5.1     7.4    -      -       +      -
    538A  MSE      4.3    19.1    -      -       +      -
    558A  LEU*     3.9    30.3    -      -       +      -
    559A  THR      4.1    19.7    -      -       -      +
    561A  PRO*     4.8     4.0    -      -       +      -
    564A  ILE*     4.2    14.8    -      -       +      -
    583A  ILE*     3.0    25.2    +      -       +      +
    584A  ALA*     3.7     6.3    -      -       -      +
    586A  ALA*     1.3    75.1    -      -       +      +
    588A  LYS*     1.3    67.8    +      -       -      +
    589A  ASP      3.0     0.9    +      -       -      -
    590A  GLU*     3.1     6.6    +      -       +      +
    591A  VAL*     3.1    20.5    +      -       -      +
    604A  ILE*     5.5     2.2    -      -       +      -
    634A  THR*     4.0    22.9    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 588 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    400A  LYS*     6.0     5.4    -      -       -      +
    584A  ALA      2.8    13.6    +      -       -      +
    585A  LEU*     3.0    37.2    -      -       +      +
    587A  ILE*     1.3    76.8    -      -       -      +
    589A  ASP*     1.3    63.6    +      -       -      +
    591A  VAL*     3.6     2.8    +      -       -      +
    592A  GLU*     2.9    64.3    +      -       -      +
    633A  ILE*     2.9    27.8    -      -       +      +
    634A  THR*     3.2    15.4    +      -       -      +
    635A  ASN*     5.2     0.9    -      -       -      -
    636A  CYS*     4.7    16.2    -      -       -      +
    637A  GLY*     4.7     2.4    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 589 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    534A  ARG*     3.3    39.4    +      -       -      +
    585A  LEU      3.9    12.9    -      -       -      +
    586A  ALA*     3.3    12.1    +      -       -      +
    587A  ILE      3.0     0.4    -      -       -      -
    588A  LYS*     1.3    79.1    -      -       -      +
    590A  GLU*     1.3    55.0    +      -       -      +
    592A  GLU*     2.9    15.0    +      -       -      +
    593A  ASP*     2.7    36.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 590 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    534A  ARG*     2.7    27.8    +      -       -      +
    537A  ALA*     3.0     5.5    -      -       -      +
    538A  MSE      2.5    63.1    +      -       +      -
    539A  THR*     3.0    30.0    +      -       -      -
    540A  VAL*     3.7     7.8    +      -       -      +
    558A  LEU*     4.1    13.9    -      -       +      +
    586A  ALA      3.7     1.4    +      -       -      -
    587A  ILE*     3.1     9.3    +      -       -      +
    589A  ASP*     1.3    77.6    -      -       -      +
    591A  VAL*     1.3    57.4    +      -       -      +
    593A  ASP*     3.5     1.5    -      -       -      +
    594A  LEU*     2.8    38.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 591 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    558A  LEU*     3.5    19.3    -      -       +      -
    587A  ILE      3.1    15.5    +      -       -      +
    588A  LYS      3.8     6.3    -      -       -      +
    590A  GLU*     1.3    74.7    -      -       -      +
    592A  GLU*     1.3    61.3    +      -       +      +
    594A  LEU*     3.0     5.4    +      -       -      -
    595A  GLU*     2.8    24.4    +      -       -      +
    602A  ILE*     3.3    30.5    -      -       +      +
    604A  ILE*     4.4     4.9    -      -       +      -
    634A  THR*     3.6    28.0    -      -       +      +
    635A  ASN*     4.1    20.4    -      -       +      -
    638A  VAL*     4.9     7.9    -      -       +      -
    644A  ILE*     4.6     5.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 592 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    588A  LYS*     2.9    49.6    +      -       +      +
    589A  ASP*     2.9    13.9    +      -       -      +
    591A  VAL*     1.3    80.5    -      -       +      +
    593A  ASP*     1.3    58.7    +      -       -      +
    595A  GLU*     3.7    14.4    -      -       -      +
    596A  LYS*     3.1    39.9    +      -       -      +
    634A  THR      5.4     0.7    -      -       -      +
    635A  ASN*     5.7     1.5    -      -       -      -
    637A  GLY*     3.5    32.2    +      -       -      +
    638A  VAL*     5.4     1.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 593 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    534A  ARG*     3.3    34.8    +      -       -      +
    537A  ALA*     4.2    11.4    +      -       -      +
    540A  VAL*     3.6    20.1    -      -       +      +
    589A  ASP*     2.7    19.6    +      -       -      +
    590A  GLU      3.5     5.2    -      -       -      +
    592A  GLU*     1.3    73.2    -      -       -      +
    594A  LEU*     1.3    61.3    +      -       -      +
    595A  GLU      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    596A  LYS*     3.4    14.9    +      -       -      +
    597A  GLY*     2.9    25.1    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 594 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    539A  THR*     4.1     4.0    -      -       +      -
    540A  VAL*     4.0    23.8    -      -       +      +
    543A  SER*     3.8    31.2    -      -       -      +
    556A  GLY*     4.5     8.1    -      -       -      -
    558A  LEU*     3.9    32.8    -      -       +      -
    590A  GLU*     2.8    28.3    +      -       -      +
    591A  VAL*     3.0     5.4    +      -       -      +
    593A  ASP*     1.3    78.7    -      -       -      +
    595A  GLU*     1.3    58.3    +      -       -      +
    597A  GLY*     3.2     3.0    +      -       -      +
    598A  GLY      3.2     4.3    +      -       -      -
    599A  ILE*     2.9    41.6    +      -       +      +
    602A  ILE*     3.8    24.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 595 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    591A  VAL      2.8    15.7    +      -       -      +
    592A  GLU*     3.7    13.5    -      -       -      +
    594A  LEU*     1.3    75.2    -      -       -      +
    596A  LYS*     1.3    66.9    +      -       +      +
    598A  GLY*     3.1    14.7    +      -       -      -
    599A  ILE      3.7    10.2    -      -       -      +
    602A  ILE*     4.2     5.1    -      -       +      +
    637A  GLY      4.1     5.2    -      -       -      +
    638A  VAL*     2.9    16.6    -      -       +      +
    639A  GLN*     2.7    40.3    +      -       +      +
    642A  THR*     2.4    29.7    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 596 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    592A  GLU*     3.1    25.7    +      -       -      +
    593A  ASP*     4.0    13.9    +      -       -      +
    594A  LEU      3.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
    595A  GLU*     1.3    77.8    -      -       +      +
    597A  GLY*     1.3    61.3    +      -       -      +
    598A  GLY*     3.3     0.9    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 597 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    540A  VAL*     4.9    12.3    -      -       -      -
    544A  ALA*     5.0     8.3    -      -       -      +
    593A  ASP      2.9    18.2    +      -       -      -
    594A  LEU*     3.6     3.6    -      -       -      -
    595A  GLU      3.1     0.6    -      -       -      -
    596A  LYS*     1.3    78.7    -      -       -      +
    598A  GLY*     1.3    56.6    +      -       -      +
    599A  ILE*     3.5    11.5    +      -       -      +
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Residues in contact with GLY 598 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
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                                  Specific contacts
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     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
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    547A  GLN*     5.2     8.6    -      -       -      +
    595A  GLU      3.1     8.4    +      -       -      -
    596A  LYS      3.1     5.3    -      -       -      -
    597A  GLY*     1.3    79.8    -      -       -      +
    599A  ILE*     1.3    68.2    +      -       -      +
    600A  GLY*     2.9     5.9    +      -       -      -
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
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  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
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   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
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Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il