Contacts of the helix formed by residues 213 - 233 (chain O) in PDB entry 1UW9


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ARG 213 (chain O).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    208O  SER*     3.5    13.6    +      -       -      +
    209O  GLN*     3.4    29.7    +      -       -      +
    210O  PRO*     3.5    21.9    +      -       -      +
    212O  MET*     1.3    75.8    -      -       -      +
    214O  TRP*     1.3    67.5    +      -       +      +
    215O  ARG*     3.3     2.8    +      -       +      +
    216O  ASP*     3.3    24.6    +      -       -      +
    217O  ARG*     3.2    18.5    +      -       -      +
    146R  LYS*     5.1     0.2    -      -       -      +
    149R  VAL      5.4     4.9    +      -       -      -
    152R  PRO      5.6     1.1    -      -       -      +
    285R  ARG*     3.7    45.8    -      -       -      +
    372R  PRO*     6.0     6.9    -      -       -      +
    109V  GLU*     5.4     0.8    -      -       -      +
    110V  GLU*     2.8    43.0    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 214 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    207O  ASN      3.4    18.8    -      -       -      +
    208O  SER*     3.0    27.4    +      -       -      -
    212O  MET      3.9     0.2    +      -       -      -
    213O  ARG*     1.3    74.1    -      -       +      +
    215O  ARG*     1.3    90.8    +      -       +      +
    217O  ARG*     3.1    19.7    +      -       -      +
    218O  PHE*     2.9    47.0    +      +       +      -
    249O  GLU*     3.9     6.0    +      -       -      -
    252O  LYS*     3.8    30.9    -      -       +      +
    253O  ARG*     3.5    54.0    -      -       +      +
    256O  SMC      3.5    39.3    -      -       +      -
    286R  ASP*     5.3    10.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 215 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     63M  VAL*     3.7    37.0    +      -       -      +
     65M  CYS*     4.9     2.8    +      -       -      +
    213O  ARG*     3.3     2.0    -      -       +      +
    214O  TRP*     1.3   111.7    -      -       +      +
    216O  ASP*     1.3    67.8    +      -       -      +
    218O  PHE*     3.4     2.2    +      -       -      +
    219O  LEU*     3.1    49.4    +      -       +      +
    256O  SMC      3.8    20.6    -      -       +      +
    161R  LYS*     5.0     3.2    +      -       -      +
    258R  LYS*     4.6     3.2    -      -       -      +
    285R  ARG*     3.8    14.4    -      -       -      +
    286R  ASP*     3.1    31.3    +      -       -      +
    287R  ASN*     3.5    20.7    +      -       -      +
    288R  GLY*     3.6    18.8    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 216 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    182O  ALA*     3.6    20.0    -      -       +      -
    213O  ARG*     3.3    25.7    +      -       -      +
    215O  ARG*     1.3    78.9    -      -       -      +
    217O  ARG*     1.3    61.6    +      -       -      +
    219O  LEU*     3.3     3.6    +      -       -      +
    220O  PHE*     3.1    29.7    +      -       +      -
    152R  PRO      4.9     3.1    -      -       -      +
    153R  HIS*     3.5    12.0    +      -       -      -
    157R  VAL*     3.4    31.9    -      -       +      +
    161R  LYS*     2.9    32.7    +      -       -      +
    285R  ARG*     6.0     1.7    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 217 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    182O  ALA*     3.6    11.2    -      -       -      +
    185O  TYR*     3.7    13.7    -      -       +      -
    202O  ASP*     2.8    41.3    +      -       -      +
    206O  VAL*     3.4    20.4    +      -       -      +
    207O  ASN*     2.7    32.7    +      -       -      +
    209O  GLN*     5.5     0.2    +      -       -      -
    212O  MET*     3.6    38.4    +      -       -      +
    213O  ARG      3.2     3.8    +      -       -      +
    214O  TRP*     3.1    18.4    +      -       -      +
    216O  ASP*     1.3    77.3    -      -       -      +
    218O  PHE*     1.3    76.8    +      -       -      +
    219O  LEU      3.2     0.2    +      -       -      -
    220O  PHE      3.3     0.9    +      -       -      -
    221O  VAL*     2.8    50.4    +      -       +      +
    240O  LEU*     4.6     2.0    -      -       +      +
    241O  ASN      4.1     4.4    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 218 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    214O  TRP*     2.9    49.6    +      +       +      +
    215O  ARG      3.7     5.6    -      -       -      +
    216O  ASP      3.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
    217O  ARG*     1.3    94.4    -      -       -      +
    219O  LEU*     1.3    57.8    +      -       -      +
    221O  VAL*     3.9     1.2    -      -       -      +
    222O  THR*     2.8    35.0    +      -       -      -
    240O  LEU*     3.6    50.7    -      -       +      +
    241O  ASN      3.5    20.0    -      -       -      -
    242O  ALA*     5.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    253O  ARG*     3.3    30.1    -      -       +      -
    256O  SMC      3.8    22.0    -      -       -      -
    257O  ALA*     4.3     7.6    -      -       +      -
    260O  LEU*     4.1    11.7    -      -       +      -
    265O  ILE*     5.3     1.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 219 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     63M  VAL      4.8     3.1    -      -       -      +
     65M  CYS      3.5    24.2    -      -       -      +
     66M  LEU      3.9    16.4    -      -       -      +
     67M  TYR*     4.0    21.8    -      -       +      +
     71M  ARG*     5.5     2.7    -      -       -      +
    215O  ARG*     3.1    49.6    +      -       -      +
    216O  ASP*     3.6     6.3    -      -       -      +
    218O  PHE*     1.3    74.9    -      -       -      +
    220O  PHE*     1.3    68.1    +      -       +      +
    222O  THR*     3.2     7.5    +      -       -      -
    223O  GLU*     3.1    18.9    +      -       -      +
    256O  SMC      4.5     4.0    -      -       +      -
    260O  LEU*     4.2    26.7    -      -       +      -
    161R  LYS*     4.7    14.6    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 220 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     71M  ARG*     4.2    26.2    -      -       +      -
     72M  TYR*     3.4    35.0    -      +       -      +
    182O  ALA*     3.6    19.7    -      -       +      +
    183O  LYS*     3.5    31.4    -      -       +      -
    186O  GLY*     4.2     2.7    -      -       -      -
    216O  ASP*     3.1    29.9    +      -       +      +
    217O  ARG      4.0     0.9    -      -       -      +
    219O  LEU*     1.3    73.9    -      -       +      +
    221O  VAL*     1.3    66.9    +      -       -      +
    223O  GLU*     3.2     7.0    +      -       -      +
    224O  ALA*     3.0    18.2    +      -       -      +
    157R  VAL*     5.2     3.1    -      -       +      -
    160R  ASP*     3.5    45.1    -      -       +      -
    161R  LYS*     3.7    19.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 221 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    185O  TYR*     4.2    16.6    -      -       +      -
    186O  GLY*     4.4     7.2    -      -       -      +
    189O  VAL*     4.2    13.7    -      -       +      -
    217O  ARG*     2.8    41.1    +      -       +      +
    218O  PHE      4.0     0.4    -      -       -      +
    220O  PHE*     1.3    73.0    -      -       -      +
    222O  THR*     1.3    56.6    +      -       -      +
    224O  ALA*     3.1     8.4    +      -       -      +
    225O  ILE*     2.8    34.1    +      -       +      +
    238O  HIS*     3.5    42.2    -      -       +      +
    240O  LEU*     3.8    14.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 222 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     60M  PHE*     4.2    12.1    -      -       +      -
     67M  TYR*     4.1    10.8    -      -       +      -
    218O  PHE      2.8    24.4    +      -       -      -
    219O  LEU*     3.2     8.0    +      -       -      -
    221O  VAL*     1.3    75.7    -      -       -      +
    223O  GLU*     1.3    63.5    +      -       -      +
    225O  ILE*     3.3     9.4    +      -       -      +
    226O  TYR*     3.1    51.2    +      -       +      -
    240O  LEU*     4.8     2.3    -      -       -      +
    260O  LEU*     3.4    19.6    -      -       +      +
    262O  VAL*     3.4    18.6    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 223 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     67M  TYR*     3.4    25.5    +      -       +      +
     68M  TYR      3.2    18.2    -      -       -      +
     69M  ASP*     4.4     6.4    -      -       -      +
     70M  ASN      3.5     5.1    +      -       -      +
     71M  ARG*     2.9    41.1    +      -       -      +
     72M  TYR*     3.0    46.2    +      -       +      +
   1141M  EDO      5.5     0.8    -      -       -      -
    219O  LEU      3.1    10.5    +      -       -      +
    220O  PHE*     3.5    10.3    -      -       -      +
    222O  THR*     1.3    75.1    -      -       -      +
    224O  ALA*     1.3    57.7    +      -       -      +
    226O  TYR*     3.5     1.9    +      -       -      +
    227O  LYS*     3.0    31.6    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 224 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     72M  TYR*     4.3     5.1    -      -       +      -
    186O  GLY      3.2    28.5    -      -       -      +
    189O  VAL*     3.8     8.1    -      -       +      -
    190O  TYR*     3.5    24.9    -      -       +      +
    193O  LEU*     4.6     1.6    -      -       -      -
    220O  PHE      3.0    11.7    +      -       -      +
    221O  VAL      3.1     9.2    +      -       -      +
    223O  GLU*     1.3    73.2    -      -       -      +
    225O  ILE*     1.3    64.6    +      -       -      +
    227O  LYS*     3.4     3.3    +      -       -      +
    228O  ALA*     3.0    26.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 225 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    189O  VAL*     4.9     0.2    -      -       +      -
    193O  LEU*     3.9    14.1    -      -       +      -
    221O  VAL*     2.8    28.6    +      -       +      +
    222O  THR*     3.3     4.7    +      -       -      +
    224O  ALA*     1.3    72.0    -      -       -      +
    226O  TYR*     1.3    76.1    +      -       +      +
    228O  ALA*     3.4     1.7    +      -       -      +
    229O  GLN*     2.9    30.0    +      -       -      +
    236O  LYS*     3.5    30.4    -      -       +      +
    237O  GLY*     4.3     1.3    -      -       -      -
    238O  HIS*     3.8    41.5    -      -       +      +
    240O  LEU*     5.3     1.6    -      -       +      -
    262O  VAL*     4.0    27.4    -      -       +      -
    263O  PRO*     4.7     4.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 226 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     56M  SER*     3.6    32.3    -      -       -      +
     59M  ARG*     3.0    39.5    +      -       -      -
     60M  PHE*     4.1     9.0    -      +       -      -
     67M  TYR*     3.9     3.1    -      -       -      +
     69M  ASP*     4.7     0.2    -      -       -      +
   1141M  EDO      3.4    15.1    -      -       -      -
    222O  THR*     3.1    36.7    +      -       +      +
    223O  GLU      4.1     2.5    -      -       -      +
    225O  ILE*     1.3    91.6    -      -       +      +
    227O  LYS*     1.3    65.4    +      -       -      +
    229O  GLN*     3.9    17.3    -      -       -      +
    230O  ALA*     3.0    18.7    +      -       -      +
    260O  LEU      2.7    24.3    +      -       -      -
    261O  GLY      3.2    11.9    +      -       -      -
    262O  VAL*     3.6     8.2    +      -       +      -
    263O  PRO*     5.8     0.9    -      -       +      -
     54T  ASN*     5.8     2.2    -      -       -      -
     68T  TYR*     5.4     4.0    -      +       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 227 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     45M  ALA*     5.7     1.6    -      -       -      +
     49M  LYS*     4.2    29.5    +      -       -      +
     70M  ASN*     4.9     5.4    +      -       -      +
     72M  TYR*     3.3    39.6    +      -       +      +
     73M  TRP*     4.2     7.1    -      -       -      +
     74M  THR*     4.4     3.2    +      -       -      -
   1141M  EDO      3.8    20.3    +      -       -      +
    190O  TYR*     3.4    44.5    +      -       +      -
    223O  GLU*     3.0    22.3    +      -       +      +
    224O  ALA*     3.8     4.3    -      -       -      +
    225O  ILE      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    226O  TYR*     1.3    77.6    -      -       -      +
    228O  ALA*     1.3    57.4    +      -       -      +
    230O  ALA*     3.3     3.3    +      -       -      +
    231O  GLU*     2.9    33.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 228 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    190O  TYR*     3.9    12.1    -      -       +      -
    193O  LEU*     3.5    32.1    -      -       +      -
    194O  ARG*     3.8    14.1    -      -       -      +
    224O  ALA      3.0    17.1    +      -       -      +
    225O  ILE      3.9     2.7    -      -       -      +
    227O  LYS*     1.3    77.4    -      -       -      +
    229O  GLN*     1.3    57.1    +      -       -      +
    231O  GLU*     3.7     4.9    -      -       -      +
    232O  THR*     2.8    37.4    +      -       -      +
    236O  LYS*     4.0     3.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 229 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    225O  ILE*     2.9    22.0    +      -       -      +
    226O  TYR*     3.9    15.9    -      -       -      +
    228O  ALA*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
    230O  ALA*     1.3    56.3    +      -       -      +
    233O  GLY*     2.8    30.0    +      -       -      -
    234O  GLU      3.3    21.3    -      -       -      +
    235O  VAL*     3.4    14.0    -      -       -      +
    236O  LYS*     3.0    37.6    +      -       +      +
     52T  VAL*     3.4    25.9    -      -       +      +
     54T  ASN*     4.9     4.7    +      -       -      +
     68T  TYR*     3.5    22.7    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 230 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     49M  LYS*     4.3     9.9    -      -       -      +
   1141M  EDO      3.8    24.5    -      -       -      +
    226O  TYR      3.0    18.7    +      -       -      +
    227O  LYS      3.8     2.5    -      -       -      +
    229O  GLN*     1.3    77.7    -      -       -      +
    231O  GLU*     1.3    62.7    +      -       -      +
    233O  GLY*     3.9     1.4    +      -       -      -
     10T  LYS*     3.2    23.7    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 231 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     49M  LYS*     6.5     0.4    -      -       -      +
     74M  THR*     4.2     0.2    +      -       -      -
    190O  TYR*     2.5    29.3    +      -       -      -
    194O  ARG*     3.0    44.2    +      -       -      +
    227O  LYS*     2.9    20.9    +      -       +      +
    228O  ALA*     3.7     5.6    -      -       -      +
    230O  ALA*     1.3    79.4    -      -       -      +
    232O  THR*     1.3    63.3    +      -       +      +
      4T  TRP*     5.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
      5T  THR      4.5     1.2    -      -       -      +
      6T  PRO*     3.4    37.1    -      -       +      +
      9T  ASN*     4.3     6.0    +      -       +      +
     10T  LYS*     3.9    23.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 232 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    193O  LEU      4.3     0.2    -      -       -      +
    194O  ARG*     3.5    36.6    -      -       -      +
    228O  ALA      2.8    20.2    +      -       -      +
    231O  GLU*     1.3    80.8    -      -       +      +
    233O  GLY*     1.3    62.4    +      -       -      +
    234O  GLU*     3.2    16.7    +      -       -      -
    236O  LYS*     3.2    22.4    -      -       -      +
      9T  ASN      4.7     3.4    -      -       -      +
     10T  LYS*     3.6     7.0    -      -       -      +
     11T  MET*     2.8    39.7    +      -       +      +
     17T  TYR*     4.8     5.4    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 233 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    229O  GLN      2.8    14.4    +      -       -      -
    230O  ALA      3.9     2.7    +      -       -      -
    231O  GLU      3.6     1.6    -      -       -      -
    232O  THR*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
    234O  GLU*     1.3    61.5    +      -       -      +
    235O  VAL      4.4     0.2    +      -       -      -
     10T  LYS*     4.1     6.9    -      -       -      +
     11T  MET      4.7     2.5    -      -       -      +
     12T  PHE*     6.0     0.2    -      -       -      -
     13T  GLU*     6.0     0.2    -      -       -      +
     51T  TYR*     3.9    31.7    -      -       -      -
     52T  VAL*     4.8    15.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il