Contacts of the helix formed by residues 168 - 193 (chain A) in PDB entry 1ZGA


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with GLU 168 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    128A  HIS*     5.4     1.0    +      -       -      -
    162A  PHE*     2.8    66.2    -      -       +      +
    163A  LEU*     3.5     6.8    -      -       -      +
    165A  LYS*     3.3    18.7    +      -       +      +
    166A  ASP      3.0     1.2    -      -       -      -
    167A  SER*     1.3    95.3    +      -       -      +
    169A  SER*     1.3    56.8    +      -       -      +
    170A  SER*     3.2     3.1    -      -       -      +
    171A  THR*     3.0    25.6    +      -       -      +
    172A  LEU      2.8    25.3    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 169 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    163A  LEU      4.8     0.2    -      -       -      -
    165A  LYS      3.4     5.9    +      -       -      -
    166A  ASP*     3.1    19.2    +      -       -      -
    167A  SER      3.5     1.1    -      -       -      -
    168A  GLU*     1.3    77.3    -      -       -      +
    170A  SER*     1.3    65.1    +      -       -      +
    172A  LEU*     3.0    14.8    +      -       -      +
    173A  SER*     2.9    31.4    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 170 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    167A  SER      5.3     0.2    +      -       -      -
    168A  GLU*     4.8     2.3    -      -       -      -
    169A  SER*     1.3    83.0    +      -       -      +
    171A  THR*     1.3    68.5    +      -       -      +
    173A  SER*     3.2     9.5    +      -       -      -
    174A  MET*     3.0    23.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 171 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    128A  HIS*     3.9    23.4    +      -       +      +
    130A  SER*     4.1     5.4    -      -       -      +
    162A  PHE*     4.4     2.5    -      -       +      -
    163A  LEU*     3.6    21.5    -      -       +      -
    168A  GLU*     3.0    34.1    +      -       -      +
    170A  SER*     1.3    82.9    +      -       -      +
    172A  LEU*     1.3    58.1    +      -       -      +
    174A  MET*     3.2    27.8    +      -       +      +
    175A  PHE*     2.9    28.4    +      -       -      +
    365A  HMK      4.6     0.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 172 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    163A  LEU*     3.3    51.1    -      -       +      +
    164A  ASN*     3.8    22.4    -      -       -      +
    165A  LYS      5.5     0.2    -      -       -      +
    168A  GLU      2.8     6.9    +      -       -      +
    169A  SER*     3.0    14.1    +      -       -      +
    171A  THR*     1.3    78.0    -      -       -      +
    173A  SER*     1.3    56.3    +      -       -      +
    175A  PHE*     3.4     4.8    +      -       +      +
    176A  GLN*     2.9    58.7    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 173 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    169A  SER      2.9    15.1    +      -       -      -
    170A  SER*     3.5    11.7    -      -       -      -
    171A  THR      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    172A  LEU*     1.3    73.2    -      -       -      +
    174A  MET*     1.3    56.9    +      -       -      +
    176A  GLN*     2.9    16.9    +      -       -      +
    177A  ASP*     2.7    47.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 174 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    121A  SER*     4.7     4.3    -      -       -      +
    124A  LYS*     3.6    50.5    -      -       +      +
    125A  GLY*     4.1    11.2    -      -       -      +
    128A  HIS*     3.4    37.9    -      -       +      +
    170A  SER      3.0    13.2    +      -       -      +
    171A  THR*     3.3    26.5    -      -       +      +
    173A  SER*     1.3    76.8    -      -       -      +
    175A  PHE*     1.3    55.4    +      -       -      +
    177A  ASP*     3.0    12.8    +      -       -      +
    178A  ALA*     2.9    27.2    +      -       -      +
    365A  HMK      3.2    29.6    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 175 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    159A  PHE*     3.6    20.9    -      +       -      -
    160A  TRP*     3.8    33.7    -      +       -      -
    163A  LEU*     3.7    19.3    -      -       +      -
    171A  THR      2.9    16.5    +      -       -      +
    172A  LEU*     3.7     7.9    -      -       +      +
    174A  MET*     1.3    76.8    -      -       -      +
    176A  GLN*     1.3    64.7    +      -       +      +
    178A  ALA*     3.1     7.5    +      -       +      +
    179A  MET*     3.1    58.4    +      -       +      +
    326A  PHE*     4.7     5.2    -      +       -      -
    365A  HMK      3.5    56.1    -      +       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 176 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    172A  LEU*     2.9    47.4    +      -       +      +
    173A  SER*     2.9    16.4    +      -       -      +
    175A  PHE*     1.3    73.0    -      -       +      +
    177A  ASP*     1.3    67.9    +      -       -      +
    179A  MET*     3.2    24.5    +      -       +      +
    180A  ALA*     2.9    27.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 177 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    121A  SER*     3.3    15.6    +      -       -      -
    173A  SER*     2.7    31.5    +      -       -      +
    174A  MET*     3.0    12.6    +      -       -      +
    176A  GLN*     1.3    73.7    -      -       -      +
    178A  ALA*     1.3    58.0    +      -       -      +
    180A  ALA*     3.9     6.3    -      -       -      +
    181A  SER*     3.0    29.8    +      -       -      -
    184A  ARG*     4.8     2.1    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 178 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    121A  SER*     3.6    22.2    +      -       -      +
    122A  ILE*     3.8    11.1    -      -       +      +
    174A  MET      2.9    11.8    +      -       -      +
    175A  PHE*     3.3     9.6    -      -       +      +
    176A  GLN      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    177A  ASP*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
    179A  MET*     1.3    57.3    +      -       +      +
    181A  SER*     3.4     3.5    +      -       -      -
    182A  ASP*     2.9    27.9    +      -       -      +
    365A  HMK      3.8    37.0    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 179 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    160A  TRP*     5.6     2.0    -      -       -      -
    175A  PHE*     3.1    51.4    +      -       +      +
    176A  GLN*     3.2    28.2    +      -       +      +
    178A  ALA*     1.3    72.6    -      -       +      +
    180A  ALA*     1.3    54.2    +      -       -      +
    181A  SER      3.0     1.6    -      -       -      -
    182A  ASP*     2.8    10.3    +      -       -      +
    183A  SER*     2.7    39.9    +      -       -      +
    265A  TRP*     5.3     0.3    -      -       -      -
    365A  HMK      4.8    14.8    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 180 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    176A  GLN      2.9    16.6    +      -       -      +
    177A  ASP*     3.9     6.5    -      -       -      +
    179A  MET*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
    181A  SER*     1.3    57.0    +      -       -      +
    183A  SER*     3.3     8.8    +      -       -      -
    184A  ARG*     3.0    39.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 181 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    118A  CYS      3.3    21.3    +      -       -      -
    119A  LEU*     4.6     0.3    -      -       -      -
    121A  SER*     3.3    15.7    +      -       -      -
    122A  ILE*     4.3     9.2    -      -       -      +
    177A  ASP      3.0    20.0    +      -       -      -
    178A  ALA      3.4     4.3    -      -       -      -
    179A  MET      3.0     0.2    -      -       -      -
    180A  ALA*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
    182A  ASP*     1.3    63.0    +      -       -      +
    184A  ARG*     3.3    24.9    +      -       -      +
    185A  MET*     2.8    36.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 182 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    122A  ILE*     4.3    10.8    -      -       +      +
    178A  ALA      2.9    14.2    +      -       -      +
    179A  MET*     2.8     9.5    +      -       -      +
    181A  SER*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
    183A  SER*     1.3    63.3    +      -       -      +
    185A  MET*     3.5    20.4    -      -       -      +
    186A  PHE*     3.8     3.5    +      -       -      +
    265A  TRP*     3.6    27.8    -      -       +      -
    354A  SER*     5.8     1.7    -      -       -      -
    357A  LYS*     3.4    25.3    +      -       -      -
    365A  HMK      3.1    38.7    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 183 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    179A  MET*     2.7    23.0    +      -       -      +
    180A  ALA*     3.5     9.1    -      -       -      -
    182A  ASP*     1.3    72.4    -      -       -      +
    184A  ARG*     1.3    64.1    -      -       -      +
    186A  PHE*     3.0    24.1    +      -       -      +
    216A  LEU*     3.7    10.7    -      -       -      +
    264A  LYS*     5.3     3.4    +      -       -      +
    265A  TRP*     4.2    19.8    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 184 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    115A  LYS      4.6     8.9    +      -       -      -
    116A  PRO*     4.2    19.8    +      -       -      +
    118A  CYS*     4.1    10.3    +      -       -      +
    121A  SER*     4.7     3.2    +      -       -      -
    177A  ASP      4.8     1.6    +      -       -      -
    180A  ALA*     3.0    21.9    +      -       -      +
    181A  SER*     3.3    48.1    +      -       -      +
    183A  SER*     1.3    71.5    -      -       -      +
    185A  MET*     1.3    64.7    +      -       +      +
    186A  PHE      2.9     5.6    -      -       -      -
    187A  LYS*     2.8    30.5    +      -       +      +
    188A  LEU*     3.9     3.5    +      -       -      +
    216A  LEU*     4.5     9.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 185 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    116A  PRO      3.0    28.7    -      -       -      +
    117A  THR*     3.9     5.4    -      -       -      +
    118A  CYS      3.6    16.6    -      -       -      +
    119A  LEU*     3.3    35.4    -      -       +      -
    122A  ILE*     5.2     0.9    -      -       +      -
    181A  SER*     2.8    33.6    +      -       -      +
    182A  ASP*     3.5    18.4    -      -       -      +
    183A  SER      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    184A  ARG*     1.3    82.8    -      -       -      +
    186A  PHE*     1.3    61.5    +      -       -      +
    187A  LYS      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    188A  LEU*     3.2    30.8    +      -       -      +
    189A  VAL*     3.3    14.3    +      -       -      +
    354A  SER*     4.8    11.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 186 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    182A  ASP      3.8     4.1    +      -       -      +
    183A  SER      3.0    17.6    +      -       -      +
    184A  ARG      2.9     0.4    -      -       -      -
    185A  MET*     1.3    78.0    -      -       -      +
    187A  LYS*     1.3    64.2    +      -       -      +
    189A  VAL*     3.0    26.1    +      -       +      +
    190A  LEU*     3.0    54.3    +      -       +      +
    197A  PHE*     5.1     1.6    -      +       -      -
    213A  VAL*     3.7    26.0    -      -       +      -
    216A  LEU*     4.3    11.7    -      -       +      -
    217A  ILE*     4.4     4.0    -      -       +      -
    262A  LEU*     4.8     8.5    -      -       +      -
    264A  LYS*     3.5    29.6    -      -       +      -
    265A  TRP*     5.8     0.7    -      -       +      -
    298A  ILE*     3.0    38.4    -      -       +      -
    353A  ILE*     5.9     0.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 187 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    116A  PRO*     6.5     1.6    -      -       +      -
    183A  SER      4.2     0.4    +      -       -      -
    184A  ARG*     2.8    16.8    +      -       +      +
    186A  PHE*     1.3    77.9    -      -       -      +
    188A  LEU*     1.3    57.7    +      -       +      +
    190A  LEU*     3.0    14.1    +      -       -      +
    191A  GLN*     2.9    49.6    +      -       -      +
    216A  LEU*     4.3    16.8    -      -       +      +
    219A  GLU*     3.4    28.2    +      -       -      +
    220A  ILE*     3.8    23.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 188 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    116A  PRO*     4.1    24.5    -      -       +      +
    117A  THR*     3.7    30.7    -      -       +      -
    184A  ARG      4.8     1.8    -      -       -      +
    185A  MET*     3.2    26.1    +      -       -      +
    187A  LYS*     1.3    79.7    -      -       +      +
    189A  VAL*     1.3    58.3    +      -       +      +
    191A  GLN*     3.2    25.3    +      -       +      +
    192A  GLU*     2.8    38.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 189 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    185A  MET      3.5    11.4    -      -       -      +
    186A  PHE*     3.0    37.6    +      -       +      +
    188A  LEU*     1.3    78.9    -      -       +      +
    190A  LEU*     1.3    62.1    +      -       +      +
    192A  GLU*     4.7     1.8    -      -       -      -
    193A  ASN*     3.0    32.5    +      -       -      +
    197A  PHE*     6.3     0.2    -      -       +      -
    353A  ILE*     4.0    35.2    -      -       +      -
    354A  SER*     3.4    26.0    -      -       -      +
    359A  LEU*     4.2    14.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 190 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    186A  PHE*     3.0    48.2    +      -       +      +
    187A  LYS*     3.4     6.3    -      -       -      +
    189A  VAL*     1.3    77.3    -      -       +      +
    191A  GLN*     1.3    64.3    +      -       -      +
    193A  ASN      3.1    10.6    +      -       -      +
    194A  LYS*     3.1    19.6    +      -       -      +
    197A  PHE*     3.5    41.3    -      -       +      -
    216A  LEU*     3.8    13.9    -      -       +      +
    217A  ILE*     3.8    31.6    -      -       +      +
    220A  ILE*     4.1    17.7    -      -       +      -
    221A  PHE*     4.5     9.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 191 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    187A  LYS*     2.9    42.0    +      -       -      +
    188A  LEU*     3.2    34.2    +      -       +      +
    190A  LEU*     1.3    78.7    -      -       -      +
    192A  GLU*     1.3    58.7    +      -       -      +
    193A  ASN      3.5     0.5    +      -       -      -
    194A  LYS*     3.7    31.1    +      -       -      +
    220A  ILE*     4.2    16.8    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 192 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    188A  LEU*     2.8    22.1    +      -       -      +
    189A  VAL*     4.6     1.8    -      -       -      -
    190A  LEU      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    191A  GLN*     1.3    76.5    -      -       -      +
    193A  ASN*     1.3    74.5    +      -       -      +
    194A  LYS      3.9     0.7    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 193 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    189A  VAL*     3.0    24.5    +      -       +      +
    190A  LEU*     3.1     5.1    +      -       -      -
    192A  GLU*     1.3    93.2    +      -       -      +
    194A  LYS*     1.3    65.8    +      -       -      +
    195A  ARG*     3.1     6.1    -      -       -      +
    196A  VAL*     3.0    33.5    +      -       +      +
    197A  PHE*     3.7     6.6    -      -       +      -
    351A  THR*     3.3    33.1    +      -       -      +
    352A  PRO      5.4     0.5    +      -       -      +
    353A  ILE*     4.1    16.0    -      -       -      +
    359A  LEU*     4.7     8.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il