Contacts of the helix formed by residues 144 - 167 (chain B) in PDB entry 2HXO


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with HIS 144 (chain B).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    140B  VAL*     3.7    19.1    -      -       +      -
    141B  PRO*     2.8    21.5    +      -       +      +
    143B  ALA*     1.3    98.2    -      -       +      +
    145B  TRP*     1.3    57.8    +      -       -      +
    146B  PHE      3.3     3.1    -      -       -      -
    147B  THR*     3.2    19.0    +      -       +      -
    148B  ALA*     2.8    32.9    +      -       -      +
    231B  LEU*     3.7    33.4    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 145 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    200A  PHE*     3.6    23.2    -      +       +      -
    203A  ALA*     4.2    20.2    -      -       +      -
    204A  VAL*     4.0    20.2    -      -       +      -
    207A  GLN*     5.8     1.1    -      -       -      -
    135B  VAL*     3.9    21.0    -      -       +      +
    136B  GLN*     4.0    36.5    -      -       +      +
    140B  VAL*     2.5    31.0    +      -       +      -
    141B  PRO      3.4     3.8    -      -       -      -
    142B  GLU*     3.3    39.3    +      -       +      +
    144B  HIS*     1.3    77.8    -      -       -      +
    146B  PHE*     1.3    61.6    +      -       -      +
    148B  ALA*     4.2     0.7    -      -       -      +
    149B  SER*     2.9    31.7    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 146 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    190A  TRP*     4.7     4.3    -      +       -      -
    204A  VAL*     3.4    31.0    -      -       +      +
    207A  GLN*     3.8    20.9    +      -       +      +
    208A  VAL*     4.1    28.7    -      -       +      -
    211A  HIS*     3.1    50.3    -      +       +      -
    216A  GLN*     4.1     2.9    -      -       -      -
    128B  PHE*     3.3    32.3    -      +       -      -
    143B  ALA      5.9     0.7    -      -       -      +
    144B  HIS      3.3     0.4    -      -       -      -
    145B  TRP*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
    147B  THR*     1.3    64.3    +      -       -      +
    149B  SER*     3.4     0.9    +      -       -      -
    150B  SER*     2.8    48.5    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 147 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    216A  GLN*     3.2    28.9    +      -       -      +
    219A  ALA*     3.7    31.0    -      -       +      -
    223A  LEU*     4.8    10.3    -      -       +      -
    143B  ALA      4.6     4.0    +      -       -      -
    144B  HIS*     3.2    24.9    +      -       +      -
    146B  PHE*     1.3    81.6    -      -       -      +
    148B  ALA*     1.3    62.6    +      -       -      +
    151B  ALA*     3.0    21.1    +      -       -      +
    231B  LEU*     6.2     1.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 148 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    223A  LEU*     4.3     9.2    -      -       -      -
    135B  VAL*     3.9    21.3    -      -       +      -
    140B  VAL*     4.7     4.3    -      -       +      -
    144B  HIS*     2.8    20.0    +      -       -      +
    147B  THR*     1.3    73.8    -      -       -      +
    149B  SER*     1.3    63.5    +      -       -      +
    151B  ALA*     3.4     3.1    +      -       -      +
    152B  LEU*     3.2    27.4    +      -       -      +
    228B  ILE*     3.7    31.6    -      -       +      +
    231B  LEU*     4.8     5.6    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 149 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    200A  PHE*     3.4     2.7    -      -       -      -
    128B  PHE*     3.5    28.2    -      -       -      -
    131B  LEU*     4.1     8.1    -      -       -      +
    132B  GLY*     3.4    30.5    +      -       -      -
    135B  VAL*     3.8    10.0    -      -       -      +
    145B  TRP      2.9    23.2    +      -       -      -
    148B  ALA*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
    150B  SER*     1.3    57.7    +      -       -      +
    152B  LEU*     3.3     7.7    +      -       -      +
    153B  MSE      3.0    27.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 150 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    211A  HIS*     5.0     1.3    +      -       -      -
    216A  GLN*     3.7    25.8    -      -       -      -
    128B  PHE*     3.7     9.7    -      -       -      -
    146B  PHE*     2.8    42.1    +      -       -      -
    149B  SER*     1.3    73.3    -      -       -      +
    151B  ALA*     1.3    59.7    +      -       -      +
    153B  MSE      3.5     6.5    -      -       -      +
    154B  HIS*     2.8    44.4    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 151 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    155A  TYR*     4.1    13.3    -      -       +      -
    216A  GLN*     3.9     4.2    -      -       -      +
    220A  GLY*     4.1    18.2    -      -       -      +
    223A  LEU*     3.9    21.3    -      -       +      -
    147B  THR      3.0    17.7    +      -       -      +
    148B  ALA      3.6     5.2    -      -       -      +
    149B  SER      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    150B  SER*     1.3    75.4    -      -       -      +
    152B  LEU*     1.3    59.3    +      -       -      +
    154B  HIS*     3.4     2.1    +      -       -      +
    155B  TYR*     2.9    31.4    +      -       -      +
    224B  VAL*     4.7     9.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 152 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     90B  VAL*     4.0    35.0    -      -       +      -
    131B  LEU*     4.2    18.8    -      -       +      -
    135B  VAL*     4.2    16.4    -      -       +      -
    148B  ALA      3.2    12.3    +      -       -      +
    149B  SER*     3.6     7.4    -      -       -      +
    151B  ALA*     1.3    78.7    -      -       -      +
    153B  MSE      1.3    58.8    +      -       -      +
    155B  TYR*     3.5     4.0    -      -       -      +
    156B  ILE*     2.9    37.8    +      -       +      +
    221B  ILE*     4.7    12.6    -      -       +      -
    224B  VAL*     3.6    23.8    -      -       +      -
    225B  LEU*     4.3    14.1    -      -       +      -
    228B  ILE*     3.8    22.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MSE 153 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    190A  TRP*     6.4     0.4    -      -       -      -
    115B  LEU*     4.6    25.6    -      -       +      -
    124B  ALA*     4.6     6.5    -      -       -      +
    127B  ILE*     3.2    40.2    -      -       +      -
    128B  PHE*     3.3    47.1    -      -       +      +
    131B  LEU*     3.7    11.6    -      -       +      +
    149B  SER      3.0    10.7    +      -       -      +
    150B  SER*     3.5    10.5    -      -       -      +
    151B  ALA      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    152B  LEU*     1.3    74.4    -      -       -      +
    154B  HIS*     1.3    70.2    +      -       +      +
    156B  ILE*     3.1     7.3    +      -       -      +
    157B  LEU*     3.0    41.7    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 154 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     98A  TRP*     6.5     0.2    -      +       -      -
    155A  TYR*     4.1    17.9    +      -       +      +
    158A  GLY*     3.6    13.0    -      -       -      -
    159A  ALA*     3.9    31.3    -      -       +      +
    162A  GLN*     4.8    20.2    -      -       +      +
    211A  HIS*     5.6     3.8    -      +       -      -
    216A  GLN*     4.0    27.4    -      -       +      +
    217A  PHE      5.8     0.2    +      -       -      -
    115B  LEU*     5.7     5.3    -      -       +      +
    150B  SER*     2.8    31.2    +      -       -      +
    151B  ALA      3.9     3.1    +      -       -      +
    153B  MSE      1.3    79.8    -      -       +      +
    155B  TYR*     1.3    63.4    +      -       -      +
    157B  LEU*     3.5     6.8    +      -       +      +
    158B  GLY*     3.1    18.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 155 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    151A  ALA*     4.2    17.3    -      -       +      -
    154A  HIS*     4.3    13.2    +      -       +      +
    155A  TYR*     4.3    28.9    -      -       +      +
    224A  VAL*     5.6     0.7    -      -       +      -
    151B  ALA      2.9    19.7    +      -       -      +
    152B  LEU*     3.5     4.3    -      -       -      +
    154B  HIS*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
    156B  ILE*     1.3    63.9    +      -       +      +
    158B  GLY*     3.2     2.9    +      -       -      -
    159B  ALA*     3.1    26.8    +      -       +      +
    216B  GLN*     3.6     9.4    +      -       -      -
    217B  PHE*     2.9    37.3    +      +       -      -
    220B  GLY*     3.0    23.8    -      -       -      -
    221B  ILE*     3.4    40.6    -      -       +      -
    224B  VAL*     4.1    21.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 156 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     90B  VAL*     6.0     0.9    -      -       +      -
     93B  VAL*     6.5     0.4    -      -       +      -
     94B  ALA*     3.4    19.1    -      -       +      +
     97B  LEU*     3.9    38.8    -      -       +      -
    131B  LEU*     5.2     7.9    -      -       +      -
    152B  LEU*     2.9    32.8    +      -       +      +
    153B  MSE      3.5     8.7    -      -       -      +
    155B  TYR*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
    157B  LEU*     1.3    60.8    +      -       +      +
    160B  ALA*     2.8    44.8    +      -       +      +
    217B  PHE*     3.9    15.8    -      -       +      -
    221B  ILE*     3.2    34.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 157 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    158A  GLY*     4.5     8.3    -      -       -      +
    162A  GLN*     4.8     8.7    -      -       +      +
     97B  LEU*     5.4     5.2    -      -       +      -
    108B  ALA*     5.0     4.0    -      -       -      +
    111B  LEU*     3.9    42.2    -      -       +      -
    112B  ALA*     4.6     3.6    -      -       +      +
    115B  LEU*     4.4    21.1    -      -       +      -
    127B  ILE*     5.9     3.6    -      -       +      -
    153B  MSE      3.0    33.0    +      -       +      +
    154B  HIS*     3.9     8.3    -      -       +      +
    156B  ILE*     1.3    86.7    -      -       +      +
    158B  GLY*     1.3    58.0    +      -       -      +
    160B  ALA*     4.7     2.2    -      -       +      -
    161B  GLY*     2.7    28.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 158 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    154A  HIS*     3.6    15.1    -      -       -      +
    157A  LEU*     4.5     2.4    -      -       -      +
    158A  GLY*     3.3    26.0    -      -       -      -
    154B  HIS      3.1    11.3    +      -       -      -
    155B  TYR      3.7     0.7    -      -       -      -
    157B  LEU*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
    159B  ALA*     1.3    63.2    +      -       -      +
    162B  GLN*     3.2    30.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 159 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    154A  HIS*     4.1    32.5    +      -       +      +
     98B  TRP*     3.6     6.9    -      -       +      -
    155B  TYR*     3.1    20.3    +      -       +      +
    158B  GLY*     1.3    72.6    -      -       -      +
    160B  ALA*     1.3    61.8    +      -       -      +
    162B  GLN*     3.2     3.8    +      -       -      +
    163B  ASN*     2.9    27.7    +      -       -      +
    217B  PHE*     3.5    29.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 160 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     97B  LEU*     5.0     0.4    -      -       +      -
     98B  TRP*     3.8    29.3    -      -       +      +
    101B  THR*     3.7    28.3    +      -       +      +
    108B  ALA*     5.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    156B  ILE*     2.8    31.4    +      -       +      +
    157B  LEU*     4.5     2.2    -      -       -      +
    159B  ALA*     1.3    73.9    -      -       -      +
    161B  GLY*     1.3    58.1    +      -       -      +
    163B  ASN*     3.3     2.6    +      -       -      +
    164B  ALA*     2.9    29.1    +      -       -      +
    217B  PHE*     5.1     0.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 161 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    108B  ALA*     4.4    16.3    -      -       -      +
    157B  LEU      2.7    24.4    +      -       -      -
    158B  GLY      4.0     0.2    -      -       -      -
    160B  ALA*     1.3    77.7    -      -       -      +
    162B  GLN*     1.3    63.0    +      -       -      +
    164B  ALA*     3.3     4.5    +      -       -      +
    165B  ALA*     3.1    20.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 162 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    112A  ALA*     3.3    46.7    +      -       -      +
    115A  LEU*     3.8    18.1    -      -       +      +
    116A  SER*     3.6     8.9    +      -       -      -
    154A  HIS*     4.2    17.5    -      -       +      +
    157A  LEU*     3.7    28.3    -      -       +      +
    158B  GLY      3.2    19.6    +      -       -      +
    159B  ALA      3.7     3.6    -      -       -      +
    161B  GLY*     1.3    74.7    -      -       -      +
    163B  ASN*     1.3    66.6    +      -       -      +
    165B  ALA*     3.1     4.8    +      -       -      +
    166B  ASN*     3.0    34.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 163 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     98B  TRP*     3.2    47.5    +      -       +      +
    101B  THR*     5.1     1.2    +      -       -      -
    102B  GLU*     3.4    34.5    +      -       -      +
    159B  ALA      2.9    11.0    +      -       -      +
    160B  ALA*     3.5     5.1    +      -       -      +
    162B  GLN*     1.3    76.5    -      -       -      +
    164B  ALA*     1.3    57.5    +      -       -      +
    166B  ASN*     3.1    13.3    +      -       -      +
    167B  SER*     2.9    37.9    +      -       -      -
    213B  ASP*     4.0    15.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 164 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    101B  THR*     3.9    21.8    -      -       -      +
    102B  GLU*     5.8     0.2    -      -       -      +
    105B  PRO*     4.4    13.9    -      -       +      +
    108B  ALA*     3.9    22.4    -      -       +      -
    160B  ALA      2.9    16.7    +      -       -      +
    161B  GLY      3.5     5.4    -      -       -      +
    163B  ASN*     1.3    77.5    -      -       -      +
    165B  ALA*     1.3    65.0    +      -       -      +
    167B  SER*     3.1    18.8    +      -       -      -
    168B  ALA*     3.2    12.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 165 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    112A  ALA*     4.8     9.0    -      -       +      +
    116A  SER*     3.4    24.1    -      -       -      +
    117A  ARG*     5.7     2.8    -      -       -      +
    161B  GLY      3.1    13.4    +      -       -      +
    162B  GLN*     3.1    17.5    +      -       -      +
    164B  ALA*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
    166B  ASN*     1.3    61.8    +      -       -      +
    168B  ALA*     3.2    21.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 166 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    115A  LEU      4.2     1.3    +      -       -      +
    116A  SER*     2.8    37.8    +      -       -      +
    162B  GLN*     3.0    21.5    +      -       -      +
    163B  ASN*     3.4    13.6    +      -       -      +
    165B  ALA*     1.3    74.3    -      -       -      +
    167B  SER*     1.3    55.6    +      -       -      +
    168B  ALA      3.0    16.5    +      -       -      +
    178B  ASP*     5.2     5.4    -      -       -      +
    179B  ARG*     3.1    55.1    +      -       +      +
    213B  ASP*     4.5     4.4    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 167 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    101B  THR      5.6     0.4    -      -       -      -
    102B  GLU*     4.8    21.2    +      -       -      +
    105B  PRO*     5.3     8.8    -      -       -      +
    163B  ASN*     2.9    27.7    +      -       -      -
    164B  ALA*     3.1    10.6    +      -       -      -
    166B  ASN*     1.3    74.5    -      -       -      +
    168B  ALA*     1.3    62.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il