Contacts of the helix formed by residues 54 - 77 (chain C) in PDB entry 2I2X


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with SER 54 (chain C).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     51C  ALA      3.4     4.7    +      -       -      +
     52C  GLY      4.3     0.9    -      -       -      -
     53C  ALA*     1.3    79.2    -      -       -      +
     55C  LYS*     1.3    63.2    +      -       -      +
     56C  GLU*     3.3    13.4    +      -       -      +
     57C  LYS*     3.0    34.4    +      -       -      +
     58C  LEU*     3.1    19.2    +      -       -      +
     97C  TRP*     4.1    10.3    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 55 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     54C  SER*     1.3    72.6    -      -       -      +
     56C  GLU*     1.3    82.0    +      -       -      +
     58C  LEU*     3.2     5.1    +      -       -      +
     59C  ILE*     2.9    43.1    +      -       +      +
     96C  SER*     5.1     3.0    +      -       -      -
     97C  TRP*     3.6    66.6    -      -       +      +
    100C  GLU*     2.6    40.8    +      -       -      +
    101C  VAL*     6.3     0.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 56 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     54C  SER*     3.2    11.0    +      -       -      +
     55C  LYS*     1.3   106.7    +      -       -      +
     57C  LYS*     1.3    66.1    +      -       +      +
     59C  ILE*     3.9    12.9    -      -       +      +
     60C  LYS*     3.1    25.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 57 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     50C  GLU      4.3     5.4    -      -       -      +
     51C  ALA*     3.3    24.2    -      -       -      +
     53C  ALA*     4.3    20.9    -      -       +      +
     54C  SER*     3.0    23.0    +      -       -      +
     56C  GLU*     1.3    78.4    -      -       +      +
     58C  LEU*     1.3    56.8    +      -       -      +
     60C  LYS*     3.4     6.0    +      -       -      +
     61C  GLU*     3.0    28.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 58 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     47C  PRO*     4.1    26.5    -      -       +      -
     51C  ALA      3.0    25.7    +      -       -      +
     52C  GLY*     3.7     7.6    -      -       -      +
     54C  SER      3.1     6.9    +      -       -      +
     55C  LYS*     3.4     8.5    -      -       +      +
     57C  LYS*     1.3    73.2    -      -       -      +
     59C  ILE*     1.3    65.2    +      -       -      +
     61C  GLU*     3.2     3.0    +      -       -      +
     62C  TYR*     3.1    43.6    +      -       +      -
     88C  VAL*     4.2     7.2    -      -       +      -
     90C  GLN*     4.1    12.8    -      -       +      +
     91C  MET*     4.0    24.0    -      -       +      -
     97C  TRP*     4.0    26.5    -      -       +      -
    101C  VAL*     4.6     5.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 59 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     55C  LYS*     2.9    34.1    +      -       +      +
     56C  GLU*     3.9    10.8    -      -       +      +
     58C  LEU*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
     60C  LYS*     1.3    62.8    +      -       -      +
     62C  TYR*     3.3     3.6    +      -       -      +
     63C  GLU*     3.0    38.7    +      -       -      +
    100C  GLU*     4.0    31.9    -      -       +      +
    101C  VAL*     4.2    26.7    -      -       +      +
    104C  ALA*     3.7    26.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 60 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    257B  LYS*     3.3    34.9    +      -       -      +
    258B  HIS*     2.8    38.8    +      -       -      -
     56C  GLU      3.1    18.4    +      -       -      +
     57C  LYS*     3.6     7.2    -      -       -      +
     58C  LEU      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
     59C  ILE*     1.3    75.3    -      -       -      +
     61C  GLU*     1.3    65.5    +      -       -      +
     63C  GLU*     3.1    23.2    +      -       +      +
     64C  ARG*     3.0    43.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 61 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     47C  PRO*     3.6    24.6    -      -       +      +
     48C  ARG*     2.7    64.0    +      -       -      +
     51C  ALA*     3.6    17.6    -      -       +      +
     57C  LYS      3.0    17.5    +      -       -      +
     58C  LEU      3.2     5.1    +      -       -      +
     60C  LYS*     1.3    74.6    -      -       -      +
     62C  TYR*     1.3    58.1    +      -       +      +
     64C  ARG*     3.2    14.4    +      -       -      +
     65C  ILE*     3.0    33.8    +      -       +      +
    317C  TYR*     3.7    10.4    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 62 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     45C  TYR*     3.6    37.6    +      +       -      -
     47C  PRO*     3.4    35.0    -      -       +      +
     58C  LEU*     3.1    34.5    +      -       +      +
     59C  ILE      3.8     4.3    -      -       -      +
     61C  GLU*     1.3    78.7    -      -       +      +
     63C  GLU*     1.3    56.2    +      -       -      +
     65C  ILE*     3.7    11.6    -      -       +      +
     66C  THR*     2.6    37.6    +      -       -      -
     85C  THR*     3.9    13.7    -      -       +      -
     86C  GLU      4.0    12.8    +      -       -      -
     88C  VAL*     4.5     2.3    +      -       -      +
     91C  MET*     3.5    33.8    -      -       +      +
    101C  VAL*     3.5    26.5    -      -       +      -
    104C  ALA*     6.4     0.7    -      -       +      -
    105C  GLN*     4.2     9.1    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 63 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     59C  ILE*     3.0    29.9    +      -       -      +
     60C  LYS*     3.5    33.3    +      -       +      +
     62C  TYR*     1.3    75.4    -      -       +      +
     64C  ARG*     1.3    59.6    +      -       +      +
     66C  THR*     4.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
     67C  THR*     2.8    35.8    +      -       -      -
    104C  ALA*     3.8    25.1    -      -       +      +
    105C  GLN*     5.8     0.7    -      -       -      -
    108C  ILE*     3.7    24.8    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 64 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    216B  GLN*     4.2    16.8    +      -       -      +
    217B  ASP*     4.7    10.9    +      -       -      -
    257B  LYS*     4.6     1.6    -      -       -      +
    258B  HIS*     2.8    46.7    +      -       -      +
     48C  ARG*     4.0    15.4    -      -       -      +
     60C  LYS*     3.0    38.9    +      -       -      +
     61C  GLU*     3.2    20.8    +      -       -      +
     63C  GLU*     1.3    72.1    -      -       -      +
     65C  ILE*     1.3    65.9    +      -       -      +
     67C  THR*     4.6     3.1    -      -       -      -
     68C  ASP*     3.0    32.6    +      -       -      +
    317C  TYR*     3.4    22.9    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 65 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     45C  TYR*     3.5    49.6    -      -       +      -
     47C  PRO*     4.7     5.2    -      -       +      -
     61C  GLU*     3.0    29.6    +      -       +      +
     62C  TYR*     3.7    28.3    -      -       +      +
     63C  GLU      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     64C  ARG*     1.3    77.4    -      -       -      +
     66C  THR*     1.3    65.8    +      -       -      +
     68C  ASP*     3.2     1.7    +      -       -      +
     69C  VAL*     3.0    30.2    +      -       +      +
     83C  LEU*     4.9     0.9    -      -       +      -
    317C  TYR*     3.3    44.0    -      -       +      -
    326C  VAL*     4.3     7.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 66 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     62C  TYR      2.6    23.9    +      -       -      -
     63C  GLU      4.1     3.1    -      -       -      -
     65C  ILE*     1.3    76.8    -      -       -      +
     67C  THR*     1.3    62.8    +      -       -      +
     69C  VAL*     3.5     1.2    +      -       -      +
     70C  MET*     3.1    26.6    +      -       +      +
     83C  LEU*     3.9    19.1    -      -       +      -
    105C  GLN*     3.0    34.2    +      -       -      +
    108C  ILE*     4.1    16.4    -      -       +      -
    109C  MET*     3.7    32.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 67 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     63C  GLU      2.8    23.2    +      -       -      -
     64C  ARG*     4.2     3.8    -      -       -      -
     66C  THR*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
     68C  ASP*     1.3    61.7    +      -       -      +
     71C  GLU*     2.9    35.3    +      -       +      +
    108C  ILE*     3.4    26.3    -      -       +      +
    112C  TYR*     3.9    19.2    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 68 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     64C  ARG*     3.0    22.4    +      -       -      +
     65C  ILE      3.6     3.1    -      -       -      +
     67C  THR*     1.3    82.8    -      -       -      +
     69C  VAL*     1.3    60.6    +      -       -      +
     71C  GLU*     3.9     2.6    -      -       -      +
     72C  ARG*     3.2    11.1    +      -       -      +
    317C  TYR*     2.4    24.2    +      -       -      -
    324C  THR*     3.0    34.9    +      -       +      +
    326C  VAL*     3.9     1.1    -      -       +      -
    327C  GLN*     2.9    34.2    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 69 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     43C  ILE*     3.9    14.6    -      -       +      -
     65C  ILE*     3.0    22.9    +      -       +      +
     66C  THR      3.8     3.1    -      -       -      +
     68C  ASP*     1.3    74.9    -      -       -      +
     70C  MET*     1.3    68.3    +      -       -      +
     72C  ARG*     3.1    15.6    +      -       -      +
     73C  MET*     3.1    16.0    +      -       +      +
     81C  ILE*     3.3    34.5    -      -       +      -
     83C  LEU*     3.9    20.0    -      -       +      -
    326C  VAL*     3.7    34.1    -      -       +      +
    330C  SER*     4.7     5.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 70 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     66C  THR*     3.1    25.6    +      -       +      +
     69C  VAL*     1.3    72.5    -      -       -      +
     71C  GLU*     1.3    69.0    +      -       -      +
     73C  MET*     3.4     5.1    +      -       -      +
     74C  VAL*     3.2    25.8    +      -       -      +
     81C  ILE*     4.0     9.4    -      -       +      -
     83C  LEU*     3.8    27.6    -      -       -      -
    108C  ILE*     4.7     0.7    -      -       +      -
    109C  MET*     4.2    13.5    -      -       +      +
    112C  TYR*     3.5    38.9    -      -       +      -
    118C  ILE*     3.8    37.9    -      -       +      -
    120C  CYS*     3.9    22.0    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 71 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    234A  LEU*     4.9     2.3    -      -       -      +
     67C  THR*     2.9    21.4    +      -       +      +
     68C  ASP*     3.9     6.5    -      -       -      +
     70C  MET*     1.3    79.7    -      -       -      +
     72C  ARG*     1.3    62.1    +      -       -      +
     74C  VAL*     3.4     6.7    +      -       -      +
     75C  GLN*     3.0    55.8    +      -       +      +
    112C  TYR*     2.9    34.7    +      -       -      +
    116C  TYR*     4.8     4.3    +      -       -      -
    327C  GLN*     4.7     6.1    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 72 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    292A  THR*     4.5     6.3    +      -       -      -
    296A  SER*     3.4    26.7    +      -       -      +
     68C  ASP      3.2    11.4    +      -       -      +
     69C  VAL      3.1     9.7    +      -       -      +
     71C  GLU*     1.3    80.8    -      -       -      +
     73C  MET*     1.3    65.4    +      -       -      +
     75C  GLN*     3.2     7.0    +      -       -      -
     76C  VAL*     3.1    28.4    +      -       +      +
     78C  PHE*     4.7     0.6    -      -       +      -
    322C  GLY      3.2    28.1    +      -       -      -
    323C  GLY*     4.8     0.4    -      -       -      -
    327C  GLN*     3.6    63.8    +      -       +      +
    328C  CYS*     4.3     3.0    -      -       -      +
    330C  SER*     4.5     4.7    -      -       -      +
    331C  GLU*     2.9    34.0    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 73 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     41C  PRO*     3.8     2.0    -      -       +      -
     69C  VAL      3.1    18.4    +      -       -      +
     70C  MET*     3.8     3.6    -      -       -      +
     71C  GLU      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     72C  ARG*     1.3    78.0    -      -       -      +
     74C  VAL*     1.3    57.4    +      -       -      +
     76C  VAL      3.4     0.7    +      -       -      -
     77C  GLY      3.0    23.0    +      -       -      -
     78C  PHE*     3.0    52.4    +      -       +      +
     80C  ALA      3.5    21.3    -      -       -      +
     81C  ILE*     3.7    36.8    -      -       +      -
    118C  ILE*     3.5    20.6    -      -       +      -
    330C  SER*     4.3    20.2    -      -       -      +
    331C  GLU*     5.1     0.4    -      -       -      -
    334C  ALA*     3.6    19.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 74 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    233A  LEU*     4.1     4.0    -      -       -      +
    234A  LEU*     3.7    26.8    -      -       +      +
     16B  TYR*     3.5    40.0    -      -       +      +
     70C  MET      3.2    12.7    +      -       -      +
     71C  GLU*     3.4    16.4    -      -       -      +
     73C  MET*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
     75C  GLN*     1.3    61.1    +      -       -      +
     76C  VAL      3.3     0.5    +      -       -      -
     77C  GLY      3.5     2.1    +      -       -      -
    112C  TYR*     4.1     7.2    -      -       +      -
    116C  TYR*     3.7    46.9    -      -       +      -
    118C  ILE*     4.1    16.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 75 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    232A  GLY*     3.2    21.0    -      -       -      -
    233A  LEU*     2.9    29.7    +      -       -      +
    234A  LEU*     3.0    45.3    +      -       +      +
    235A  ASN*     3.4    16.4    +      -       -      +
    296A  SER*     5.9     0.4    -      -       -      +
    298A  VAL*     5.1     1.6    -      -       -      +
     71C  GLU*     3.0    49.7    +      -       +      +
     72C  ARG*     3.2    11.1    +      -       -      +
     74C  VAL*     1.3    77.8    -      -       -      +
     76C  VAL*     1.3    62.3    +      -       +      +
     77C  GLY      3.5     0.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 76 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    232A  GLY*     6.0     1.1    -      -       -      -
    233A  LEU*     3.8     4.5    -      -       -      -
    296A  SER*     3.5    24.2    -      -       -      +
    297A  ASP      3.5     9.6    -      -       -      +
    298A  VAL*     4.5     5.6    -      -       +      -
    363A  ARG*     3.0    32.9    +      -       -      +
     72C  ARG*     3.1    19.8    +      -       -      +
     75C  GLN*     1.3    83.0    -      -       +      +
     77C  GLY*     1.3    59.1    +      -       -      +
     78C  PHE*     3.4    30.1    -      -       +      -
    331C  GLU*     3.7     9.4    -      -       -      +
    335C  TYR*     3.5    27.1    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 77 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    233A  LEU*     3.6     9.2    -      -       -      +
    363A  ARG*     3.9     3.6    -      -       -      -
     13B  LEU*     3.4    10.8    -      -       -      +
     14B  THR      3.0    45.3    +      -       -      -
     16B  TYR*     3.8     6.5    -      -       -      -
     73C  MET      3.0     5.1    +      -       -      -
     74C  VAL      3.5     1.4    +      -       -      -
     75C  GLN      3.5     2.8    -      -       -      -
     76C  VAL*     1.3    82.6    -      -       -      +
     78C  PHE*     1.3    63.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il