Contacts of the helix formed by residues 54 - 77 (chain I) in PDB entry 2I2X


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with SER 54 (chain I).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     51I  ALA      3.3     6.6    +      -       -      +
     52I  GLY      4.3     1.2    -      -       -      -
     53I  ALA*     1.3    79.5    -      -       -      +
     55I  LYS*     1.3    64.5    +      -       -      +
     56I  GLU*     3.5    15.9    +      -       -      +
     57I  LYS*     3.3    29.6    +      -       -      +
     58I  LEU*     3.2    17.2    +      -       -      +
     97I  TRP*     4.5     7.6    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 55 (chain I). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     54I  SER*     1.3    74.1    -      -       -      +
     56I  GLU*     1.3    84.9    +      -       -      +
     58I  LEU*     3.2     7.3    +      -       +      +
     59I  ILE*     3.0    39.3    +      -       +      +
     97I  TRP*     3.6    71.6    -      -       +      +
    100I  GLU*     2.6    43.9    +      -       -      +
    101I  VAL*     6.1     0.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 56 (chain I). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     54I  SER*     3.2    15.2    +      -       -      +
     55I  LYS*     1.3   106.8    +      -       -      +
     57I  LYS*     1.3    58.5    +      -       +      +
     59I  ILE*     3.4    12.1    +      -       +      +
     60I  LYS*     3.1    26.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 57 (chain I). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     50I  GLU*     3.9    17.2    +      -       +      +
     51I  ALA*     3.5    19.9    -      -       -      +
     53I  ALA*     4.0    20.2    -      -       +      +
     54I  SER*     3.3    17.2    +      -       -      +
     56I  GLU*     1.3    77.0    -      -       +      +
     58I  LEU*     1.3    58.4    +      -       -      +
     60I  LYS*     3.4     7.9    +      -       -      +
     61I  GLU*     3.0    28.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 58 (chain I). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     47I  PRO*     4.2    24.7    -      -       +      -
     51I  ALA*     3.2    27.3    +      -       +      +
     52I  GLY*     3.8     8.3    -      -       -      +
     54I  SER      3.2     8.1    +      -       -      +
     55I  LYS*     3.2    10.5    +      -       +      +
     57I  LYS*     1.3    73.2    -      -       -      +
     59I  ILE*     1.3    66.0    +      -       -      +
     61I  GLU*     3.4     2.9    +      -       -      +
     62I  TYR*     3.0    41.7    +      -       +      -
     88I  VAL*     4.1    12.8    -      -       +      -
     90I  GLN*     4.3     6.5    -      -       -      +
     91I  MET*     3.8    28.5    -      -       +      -
     97I  TRP*     4.2    21.3    -      -       +      -
    101I  VAL*     4.7     4.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 59 (chain I). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     55I  LYS*     3.0    34.0    +      -       +      +
     56I  GLU*     3.7     9.6    -      -       +      +
     57I  LYS      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     58I  LEU*     1.3    75.5    -      -       -      +
     60I  LYS*     1.3    53.0    +      -       -      +
     62I  TYR*     3.3     3.5    +      -       -      +
     63I  GLU*     2.8    59.0    +      -       -      +
    100I  GLU*     3.7    33.4    -      -       +      +
    101I  VAL*     4.0    28.3    -      -       +      +
    104I  ALA*     3.9    15.4    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 60 (chain I). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     56I  GLU      3.1    14.0    +      -       -      +
     57I  LYS*     3.4    13.0    -      -       -      +
     59I  ILE*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
     61I  GLU*     1.3    63.5    +      -       -      +
     63I  GLU*     3.0    24.4    +      -       +      +
     64I  ARG*     2.9    41.5    +      -       -      +
    257L  LYS*     3.3    43.5    +      -       -      +
    258L  HIS*     3.2    38.1    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 61 (chain I). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     47I  PRO*     3.8    23.9    -      -       +      +
     48I  ARG*     2.8    61.3    +      -       -      +
     51I  ALA*     3.7    18.1    -      -       +      +
     57I  LYS      3.0    17.1    +      -       -      +
     58I  LEU*     3.7     5.2    -      -       -      +
     60I  LYS*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
     62I  TYR*     1.3    57.9    +      -       +      +
     64I  ARG*     3.3    11.1    +      -       -      +
     65I  ILE*     3.0    39.3    +      -       +      +
    317I  TYR*     3.5    12.5    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 62 (chain I). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     45I  TYR*     3.7    32.8    +      +       -      -
     47I  PRO*     3.4    29.8    -      -       +      +
     58I  LEU*     3.0    37.7    +      -       +      +
     59I  ILE*     3.8     4.3    -      -       -      +
     61I  GLU*     1.3    72.8    -      -       +      +
     63I  GLU*     1.3    58.2    +      -       -      +
     65I  ILE*     3.6    17.4    -      -       +      +
     66I  THR*     2.7    39.1    +      -       -      -
     85I  THR*     3.7    17.5    -      -       +      +
     86I  GLU      3.9    10.3    +      -       -      -
     88I  VAL*     4.4     1.7    -      -       -      +
     91I  MET*     3.6    32.3    -      -       +      -
    101I  VAL*     3.6    30.7    -      -       +      -
    104I  ALA*     6.2     0.7    -      -       +      -
    105I  GLN*     4.3    10.7    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 63 (chain I). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     59I  ILE*     2.8    35.6    +      -       -      +
     60I  LYS*     3.0    28.7    +      -       +      +
     62I  TYR*     1.3    69.8    -      -       -      +
     64I  ARG*     1.3    65.3    +      -       +      +
     66I  THR*     3.3     1.4    +      -       -      -
     67I  THR*     2.9    30.3    +      -       -      -
    104I  ALA*     3.6    28.8    -      -       +      +
    105I  GLN*     5.8     0.7    -      -       -      -
    108I  ILE*     3.7    21.4    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 64 (chain I). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     48I  ARG*     4.1    14.2    -      -       -      +
     60I  LYS*     2.9    38.3    +      -       +      +
     61I  GLU*     3.5    15.0    +      -       -      +
     63I  GLU*     1.3    75.6    -      -       +      +
     65I  ILE*     1.3    65.8    +      -       -      +
     67I  THR*     3.6     3.9    -      -       -      -
     68I  ASP*     2.8    29.3    +      -       -      +
    317I  TYR*     3.3    30.5    -      -       +      +
    215L  ASN*     5.8     2.0    -      -       -      +
    216L  GLN*     3.9    20.4    -      -       -      +
    217L  ASP*     4.2    17.0    +      -       -      -
    257L  LYS*     5.0     3.8    -      -       -      +
    258L  HIS*     2.8    39.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 65 (chain I). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     45I  TYR*     3.5    52.0    -      -       +      -
     46I  ALA      4.9     3.8    -      -       -      +
     47I  PRO*     5.0     1.6    -      -       +      -
     61I  GLU*     3.0    29.3    +      -       +      +
     62I  TYR*     3.6    28.3    -      -       +      +
     64I  ARG*     1.3    78.4    -      -       -      +
     66I  THR*     1.3    66.9    +      -       -      +
     68I  ASP*     3.2     2.1    +      -       -      +
     69I  VAL*     3.1    25.0    +      -       +      +
    317I  TYR*     3.7    41.5    -      -       +      -
    326I  VAL*     4.1     8.0    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 66 (chain I). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     62I  TYR      2.7    25.5    +      -       -      -
     63I  GLU      3.8     2.9    -      -       -      -
     65I  ILE*     1.3    71.0    -      -       -      +
     67I  THR*     1.3    63.8    +      -       -      +
     69I  VAL*     3.3     3.5    +      -       -      +
     70I  MET*     3.0    25.3    +      -       +      +
     83I  LEU*     3.9    14.4    -      -       +      -
    105I  GLN*     3.2    46.4    +      -       -      +
    108I  ILE*     3.9    20.0    -      -       +      -
    109I  MET*     3.9    21.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 67 (chain I). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     63I  GLU      2.9    21.1    +      -       -      -
     64I  ARG*     3.7     4.7    -      -       -      -
     66I  THR*     1.3    72.3    -      -       -      +
     68I  ASP*     1.3    71.9    +      -       -      +
     70I  MET*     3.5     1.7    +      -       -      +
     71I  GLU*     3.0    30.0    +      -       +      +
    108I  ILE*     3.3    28.2    -      -       -      +
    112I  TYR*     4.0    15.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 68 (chain I). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     64I  ARG*     2.8    22.3    +      -       -      +
     65I  ILE      3.8     3.4    -      -       -      +
     67I  THR*     1.3    80.0    -      -       -      +
     69I  VAL*     1.3    60.5    +      -       -      +
     71I  GLU*     3.7     2.3    -      -       -      +
     72I  ARG*     3.1    13.5    +      -       -      +
    317I  TYR*     2.6    25.4    +      -       -      -
    324I  THR*     3.5    19.7    +      -       +      +
    326I  VAL*     4.2     1.3    -      -       +      -
    327I  GLN*     3.1    47.7    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 69 (chain I). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     43I  ILE*     3.8    19.3    -      -       +      -
     65I  ILE*     3.1    20.6    +      -       +      +
     66I  THR      3.7     6.5    -      -       -      +
     67I  THR      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     68I  ASP*     1.3    72.4    -      -       -      +
     70I  MET*     1.3    70.4    +      -       -      +
     72I  ARG*     3.1     7.4    +      -       -      +
     73I  MET*     3.0    24.2    +      -       +      +
     81I  ILE*     3.7    32.3    -      -       +      -
     83I  LEU*     4.3    14.1    -      -       +      -
    326I  VAL*     3.7    32.3    -      -       +      +
    327I  GLN*     5.0     1.1    -      -       -      -
    330I  SER*     4.4     9.0    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 70 (chain I). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     66I  THR*     3.0    29.9    +      -       +      +
     69I  VAL*     1.3    76.8    -      -       -      +
     71I  GLU*     1.3    62.5    -      -       -      +
     73I  MET*     3.3     6.4    +      -       -      +
     74I  VAL*     3.2    27.7    +      -       -      +
     81I  ILE*     3.8    26.0    -      -       +      -
     83I  LEU*     3.9    17.3    -      -       -      -
    108I  ILE*     4.5     1.6    -      -       +      -
    109I  MET*     4.2    11.7    -      -       +      -
    112I  TYR*     3.5    40.6    -      -       +      -
    118I  ILE*     3.8    26.2    -      -       +      +
    120I  CYS*     3.8    26.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 71 (chain I). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     67I  THR*     3.0    21.7    +      -       +      +
     68I  ASP*     3.7     6.7    -      -       -      +
     70I  MET*     1.3    77.4    -      -       -      +
     72I  ARG*     1.3    62.7    +      -       -      +
     74I  VAL*     3.3     8.5    -      -       -      +
     75I  GLN*     3.1    56.0    +      -       +      +
    112I  TYR*     2.6    36.3    +      -       -      +
    116I  TYR*     4.9     4.8    +      -       -      -
    327I  GLN*     4.9     5.8    -      -       -      +
    234K  LEU*     5.2     1.6    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 72 (chain I). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     68I  ASP      3.1    13.8    +      -       -      +
     69I  VAL      3.1     9.4    +      -       -      +
     71I  GLU*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
     73I  MET*     1.3    65.5    +      -       -      +
     75I  GLN*     3.3    16.1    +      -       -      -
     76I  VAL*     3.3    20.1    +      -       +      +
     78I  PHE*     4.6     0.8    -      -       +      -
    322I  GLY      2.9    28.5    +      -       -      -
    323I  GLY*     5.0     0.2    -      -       -      -
    327I  GLN*     3.6    66.4    +      -       +      +
    328I  CYS*     4.6     2.0    -      -       -      +
    330I  SER*     4.4     7.0    -      -       -      +
    331I  GLU*     2.9    30.2    +      -       +      +
    292K  THR*     4.7     5.3    +      -       -      -
    295K  HIS      4.7     0.2    -      -       -      -
    296K  SER*     3.5    26.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 73 (chain I). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     41I  PRO*     3.7     2.7    -      -       +      -
     69I  VAL*     3.0    16.8    +      -       +      +
     70I  MET*     3.6     6.1    -      -       -      +
     72I  ARG*     1.3    78.1    -      -       -      +
     74I  VAL*     1.3    57.0    +      -       -      +
     76I  VAL      3.5     0.2    +      -       -      -
     77I  GLY      3.1     6.9    +      -       -      -
     78I  PHE*     3.1    52.8    +      -       +      +
     80I  ALA      3.5    23.6    -      -       -      +
     81I  ILE*     3.5    35.4    -      -       +      -
    118I  ILE*     3.5    20.2    -      -       +      -
    330I  SER*     4.2    20.9    -      -       -      +
    331I  GLU      5.0     0.4    -      -       -      -
    334I  ALA*     3.3    30.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 74 (chain I). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     70I  MET      3.2    12.7    +      -       -      +
     71I  GLU*     3.3    20.9    -      -       -      +
     73I  MET*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
     75I  GLN*     1.3    64.1    +      -       +      +
     76I  VAL      3.4     0.5    +      -       -      -
     77I  GLY      3.7     0.9    +      -       -      -
    112I  TYR*     4.2     7.4    -      -       +      -
    116I  TYR*     3.8    40.6    -      -       +      +
    118I  ILE*     4.3    14.6    -      -       +      -
    233K  LEU*     4.1     5.4    -      -       -      +
    234K  LEU*     3.5    27.0    -      -       +      +
     16L  TYR*     3.2    40.6    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 75 (chain I). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     71I  GLU*     3.1    47.8    +      -       +      +
     72I  ARG*     3.3    12.1    +      -       -      +
     74I  VAL*     1.3    78.6    -      -       +      +
     76I  VAL*     1.3    62.3    +      -       +      +
    232K  GLY*     3.1    24.5    -      -       -      -
    233K  LEU*     2.8    30.6    +      -       -      +
    234K  LEU*     3.0    42.0    +      -       -      +
    235K  ASN*     3.2    17.6    +      -       -      +
    296K  SER*     5.9     0.2    -      -       -      +
    298K  VAL*     5.0     2.1    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 76 (chain I). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     72I  ARG*     3.3    19.9    +      -       -      +
     74I  VAL      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
     75I  GLN*     1.3    82.0    -      -       +      +
     77I  GLY*     1.3    60.0    +      -       -      +
     78I  PHE*     3.4    28.3    -      -       +      -
    331I  GLU*     3.6    10.1    -      -       -      +
    335I  TYR*     3.4    28.3    -      -       +      +
    232K  GLY*     6.0     0.7    -      -       -      -
    233K  LEU*     3.7     6.3    -      -       -      -
    296K  SER*     3.6    23.1    -      -       -      +
    297K  ASP      3.7     9.0    -      -       -      +
    298K  VAL*     4.6     6.3    -      -       +      -
    363K  ARG*     3.0    29.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 77 (chain I). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     73I  MET      3.1     4.6    +      -       -      -
     74I  VAL      3.7     1.0    +      -       -      -
     75I  GLN      3.6     0.2    -      -       -      -
     76I  VAL*     1.3    80.4    -      -       -      +
     78I  PHE*     1.3    63.9    +      -       -      +
    233K  LEU*     3.5    10.2    -      -       -      +
    363K  ARG*     3.9     4.9    -      -       -      -
     13L  LEU*     3.4     9.7    -      -       -      +
     14L  THR      2.9    46.7    +      -       -      -
     16L  TYR*     3.7     7.6    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il