Contacts of the helix formed by residues 54 - 77 (chain K) in PDB entry 2I2X


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with SER 54 (chain K).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     51K  ALA      3.3     6.7    +      -       -      +
     52K  GLY      4.3     1.2    -      -       -      -
     53K  ALA*     1.3    80.2    -      -       -      +
     55K  LYS*     1.3    63.4    +      -       -      +
     56K  GLU*     3.6    17.8    +      -       -      +
     57K  LYS*     3.2    32.5    +      -       -      +
     58K  LEU*     3.3    19.9    +      -       -      +
     97K  TRP*     4.4     5.8    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 55 (chain K). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     54K  SER*     1.3    73.4    -      -       -      +
     56K  GLU*     1.3    74.4    +      -       -      +
     58K  LEU*     3.4     5.1    +      -       +      +
     59K  ILE*     3.0    40.9    +      -       +      +
     96K  SER*     5.4     1.0    +      -       -      -
     97K  TRP*     3.5    70.5    -      -       +      +
    100K  GLU*     2.8    40.4    +      -       -      +
    101K  VAL*     6.1     0.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 56 (chain K). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     54K  SER*     3.2    19.0    -      -       -      +
     55K  LYS*     1.3    96.3    +      -       -      +
     57K  LYS*     1.3    57.1    +      -       +      +
     59K  ILE*     3.6    11.2    +      -       +      +
     60K  LYS*     3.1    29.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 57 (chain K). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     50K  GLU*     4.0     7.7    +      -       +      +
     51K  ALA*     3.5    20.9    -      -       +      +
     53K  ALA*     4.0    23.9    -      -       +      +
     54K  SER*     3.2    19.6    +      -       -      +
     56K  GLU*     1.3    74.7    -      -       +      +
     58K  LEU*     1.3    59.4    +      -       -      +
     60K  LYS*     3.6     6.0    +      -       -      +
     61K  GLU*     3.0    29.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 58 (chain K). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     47K  PRO*     4.1    27.8    -      -       +      -
     51K  ALA*     3.1    29.0    +      -       +      +
     52K  GLY*     4.0     5.6    -      -       -      -
     54K  SER      3.3     6.1    +      -       -      +
     55K  LYS*     3.5     9.0    -      -       +      +
     57K  LYS*     1.3    73.0    -      -       -      +
     59K  ILE*     1.3    67.3    +      -       -      +
     61K  GLU*     3.2     3.5    +      -       -      +
     62K  TYR*     3.0    44.6    +      -       +      -
     88K  VAL*     4.1    13.0    -      -       +      -
     90K  GLN*     4.2     5.8    -      -       +      +
     91K  MET*     4.0    18.2    -      -       +      -
     97K  TRP*     4.0    31.2    -      -       +      -
    101K  VAL*     5.0     4.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 59 (chain K). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     55K  LYS*     3.0    43.5    +      -       +      +
     56K  GLU*     3.9    10.3    -      -       +      +
     58K  LEU*     1.3    73.4    -      -       -      +
     60K  LYS*     1.3    58.8    +      -       -      +
     62K  TYR*     3.1     4.4    +      -       -      +
     63K  GLU*     2.8    40.4    +      -       -      +
    100K  GLU*     4.0    22.2    -      -       +      +
    101K  VAL*     4.1    30.0    -      -       +      +
    104K  ALA*     3.8    24.7    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 60 (chain K). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    257J  LYS*     3.2    38.5    -      -       -      +
    258J  HIS*     3.4    26.8    +      -       -      +
     56K  GLU      3.1    16.6    +      -       -      +
     57K  LYS*     3.6     7.9    -      -       -      +
     58K  LEU      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
     59K  ILE*     1.3    78.3    -      -       -      +
     61K  GLU*     1.3    63.3    +      -       -      +
     63K  GLU*     3.0    34.3    +      -       -      +
     64K  ARG*     3.0    57.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 61 (chain K). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     47K  PRO*     3.6    20.5    -      -       +      +
     48K  ARG*     2.6    66.9    +      -       -      +
     51K  ALA*     3.7    19.4    -      -       +      +
     57K  LYS      3.0    18.0    +      -       -      +
     58K  LEU*     3.2     5.4    +      -       -      +
     60K  LYS*     1.3    74.1    -      -       -      +
     62K  TYR*     1.3    58.7    +      -       -      +
     64K  ARG*     3.3    12.2    +      -       -      +
     65K  ILE*     3.0    38.3    +      -       +      +
    317K  TYR*     3.9     8.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 62 (chain K). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     45K  TYR*     3.7    37.2    +      +       -      -
     47K  PRO*     3.2    32.4    -      -       +      +
     58K  LEU*     3.0    37.8    +      -       +      +
     59K  ILE*     3.1     4.9    +      -       -      +
     61K  GLU*     1.3    76.8    -      -       +      +
     63K  GLU*     1.3    53.9    +      -       -      +
     65K  ILE*     3.5    11.5    +      -       +      +
     66K  THR*     2.6    37.9    +      -       -      -
     85K  THR*     4.0    11.4    -      -       +      -
     86K  GLU      4.0    12.5    +      -       -      -
     88K  VAL*     4.3     1.7    -      -       -      +
     91K  MET*     3.6    33.6    -      -       +      -
    101K  VAL*     3.5    31.4    -      -       +      -
    104K  ALA*     6.3     0.7    -      -       +      -
    105K  GLN*     4.3    10.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 63 (chain K). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    258J  HIS      5.9     2.2    -      -       -      +
     59K  ILE*     2.8    27.2    +      -       -      +
     60K  LYS*     3.0    35.0    +      -       +      +
     62K  TYR*     1.3    73.8    -      -       -      +
     64K  ARG*     1.3    59.4    +      -       +      +
     66K  THR*     3.1     3.4    +      -       -      -
     67K  THR*     2.8    36.0    +      -       -      +
    104K  ALA*     3.6    27.3    -      -       +      +
    105K  GLN*     5.7     0.7    -      -       -      -
    108K  ILE*     3.6    24.5    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 64 (chain K). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    216J  GLN*     4.1    19.7    +      -       -      +
    217J  ASP*     2.7    41.7    +      -       -      -
    257J  LYS*     6.0     0.2    -      -       -      +
    258J  HIS*     3.3    25.4    +      -       -      +
     48K  ARG*     4.8    11.2    -      -       -      +
     60K  LYS*     3.0    47.5    +      -       -      +
     61K  GLU*     3.6    11.0    +      -       -      +
     63K  GLU*     1.3    72.6    -      -       -      +
     65K  ILE*     1.3    56.8    +      -       -      +
     67K  THR*     3.3     5.2    +      -       -      -
     68K  ASP*     2.8    41.4    +      -       -      +
    317K  TYR*     3.5    26.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 65 (chain K). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     45K  TYR*     3.6    58.3    -      -       +      -
     47K  PRO*     4.8     5.4    -      -       +      -
     61K  GLU*     3.0    26.2    +      -       +      +
     62K  TYR*     3.6    21.8    -      -       +      +
     64K  ARG*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
     66K  THR*     1.3    67.5    +      -       -      +
     68K  ASP*     3.4     1.9    +      -       -      +
     69K  VAL*     3.1    26.8    +      -       +      +
     83K  LEU*     4.9     0.2    -      -       +      -
    317K  TYR*     3.5    45.5    -      -       +      -
    326K  VAL*     4.3     7.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 66 (chain K). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     62K  TYR      2.6    23.1    +      -       -      -
     63K  GLU      3.1     4.7    +      -       -      -
     65K  ILE*     1.3    73.8    -      -       -      +
     67K  THR*     1.3    65.2    +      -       -      +
     69K  VAL*     3.4     1.9    +      -       -      +
     70K  MET*     3.2    31.7    +      -       +      +
     83K  LEU*     3.8    21.4    -      -       +      +
    105K  GLN*     3.1    47.3    +      -       -      +
    108K  ILE*     3.8    17.9    -      -       +      -
    109K  MET*     3.9    13.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 67 (chain K). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    258J  HIS      5.2     9.8    +      -       -      +
     63K  GLU      2.8    23.1    +      -       -      -
     64K  ARG*     3.8     5.8    -      -       -      -
     66K  THR*     1.3    75.2    -      -       -      +
     68K  ASP*     1.3    69.6    +      -       -      +
     69K  VAL      3.2     0.2    +      -       -      -
     71K  GLU*     3.0    30.5    +      -       +      +
    108K  ILE*     3.6    23.9    -      -       -      +
    112K  TYR*     4.0    18.7    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 68 (chain K). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     64K  ARG*     2.8    20.7    +      -       -      +
     65K  ILE      3.6     4.0    -      -       -      +
     67K  THR*     1.3    82.1    -      -       -      +
     69K  VAL*     1.3    62.1    +      -       -      +
     71K  GLU*     3.9     1.7    -      -       -      +
     72K  ARG*     3.2    12.1    +      -       -      +
    317K  TYR*     2.4    33.0    +      -       -      -
    324K  THR*     3.3    17.0    +      -       +      +
    326K  VAL*     4.1     2.5    -      -       +      -
    327K  GLN*     3.1    46.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 69 (chain K). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     43K  ILE*     3.9    18.4    -      -       +      -
     65K  ILE*     3.1    19.9    +      -       +      +
     66K  THR      3.8     4.5    -      -       -      +
     67K  THR      3.2     0.6    -      -       -      -
     68K  ASP*     1.3    73.8    -      -       -      +
     70K  MET*     1.3    62.9    +      -       -      +
     72K  ARG*     3.2     6.0    +      -       -      +
     73K  MET*     2.9    38.0    +      -       +      +
     81K  ILE*     3.7    31.0    -      -       +      -
     83K  LEU*     4.1    16.2    -      -       +      -
    326K  VAL*     3.8    30.5    -      -       +      +
    327K  GLN*     5.1     0.7    -      -       -      -
    330K  SER*     4.7     7.7    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 70 (chain K). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     66K  THR*     3.2    24.5    +      -       +      +
     67K  THR      4.1     0.2    -      -       -      +
     69K  VAL*     1.3    75.3    -      -       -      +
     71K  GLU*     1.3    62.4    +      -       -      +
     73K  MET*     3.3     4.9    +      -       -      +
     74K  VAL*     3.1    28.9    +      -       -      +
     81K  ILE*     4.0    15.7    -      -       +      -
     83K  LEU*     3.9    27.1    -      -       -      -
    108K  ILE*     4.6     2.2    -      -       +      -
    109K  MET*     4.6    10.5    -      -       -      +
    112K  TYR*     3.4    40.4    -      -       +      -
    118K  ILE*     3.7    31.4    -      -       +      -
    120K  CYS*     4.0    19.7    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 71 (chain K). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    234I  LEU*     5.1     1.8    -      -       -      +
     67K  THR*     3.0    22.1    +      -       +      +
     68K  ASP*     3.9     5.4    -      -       -      +
     70K  MET*     1.3    75.9    -      -       -      +
     72K  ARG*     1.3    61.5    +      -       -      +
     74K  VAL*     3.5     6.6    -      -       -      +
     75K  GLN*     2.9    59.5    +      -       +      +
    112K  TYR*     2.9    34.8    +      -       -      +
    116K  TYR*     4.8     5.2    +      -       -      -
    327K  GLN*     4.9     5.4    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 72 (chain K). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    292I  THR*     4.4     4.4    +      -       -      -
    295I  HIS      4.5     0.2    -      -       -      -
    296I  SER*     3.3    25.7    +      -       -      +
     68K  ASP      3.2    16.5    +      -       -      +
     69K  VAL      3.6     4.7    -      -       -      +
     71K  GLU*     1.3    78.4    -      -       -      +
     73K  MET*     1.3    68.2    +      -       -      +
     75K  GLN*     3.2    15.3    +      -       -      +
     76K  VAL*     3.3    19.1    +      -       +      +
     78K  PHE*     5.8     0.7    -      -       +      -
    322K  GLY      3.2    27.3    +      -       -      -
    323K  GLY*     4.8     0.2    -      -       -      -
    327K  GLN*     3.7    63.5    +      -       +      +
    328K  CYS*     4.3     6.3    -      -       -      +
    330K  SER*     4.4     6.5    -      -       -      +
    331K  GLU*     2.8    33.2    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 73 (chain K). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     69K  VAL*     2.9    25.4    +      -       +      +
     70K  MET      3.6     5.8    -      -       -      +
     72K  ARG*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
     74K  VAL*     1.3    61.1    +      -       -      +
     76K  VAL      3.4     0.5    +      -       -      -
     77K  GLY      3.1     4.0    +      -       -      -
     78K  PHE*     3.1    77.0    +      -       +      +
     80K  ALA      3.5    22.0    -      -       -      +
     81K  ILE*     3.7    30.3    -      -       +      -
    118K  ILE*     3.6    16.2    -      -       +      -
    330K  SER*     4.3    19.3    -      -       -      +
    331K  GLU*     5.1     0.4    -      -       -      -
    334K  ALA*     3.9    14.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 74 (chain K). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    233I  LEU*     4.1     5.7    -      -       -      +
    234I  LEU*     3.7    23.9    -      -       +      +
     16J  TYR*     3.3    36.5    -      -       +      +
     70K  MET      3.1    18.1    +      -       -      +
     71K  GLU*     3.5    13.9    -      -       -      +
     73K  MET*     1.3    73.5    -      -       -      +
     75K  GLN*     1.3    64.1    +      -       -      +
     76K  VAL      3.1     6.4    +      -       -      -
     77K  GLY*     3.4     2.3    +      -       -      -
    112K  TYR*     4.2     4.3    -      -       +      -
    116K  TYR*     3.9    41.3    -      -       +      -
    118K  ILE*     4.1    22.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 75 (chain K). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    232I  GLY*     3.3    21.1    -      -       -      -
    233I  LEU*     2.8    28.8    +      -       -      +
    234I  LEU*     2.9    46.7    +      -       +      +
    235I  ASN*     3.8    14.6    +      -       -      +
    298I  VAL*     5.3     1.6    -      -       -      +
     71K  GLU*     2.9    49.1    +      -       +      +
     72K  ARG*     3.2    12.8    +      -       -      +
     74K  VAL*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
     76K  VAL*     1.3    62.8    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 76 (chain K). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    232I  GLY*     6.0     0.7    -      -       -      -
    233I  LEU*     3.8     6.1    -      -       -      -
    296I  SER*     3.5    24.7    -      -       -      +
    297I  ASP      3.6     9.9    -      -       -      +
    298I  VAL*     4.7     4.9    -      -       +      -
    363I  ARG*     3.0    31.9    +      -       -      +
     72K  ARG*     3.3    19.7    +      -       -      +
     74K  VAL      3.1     0.8    -      -       -      -
     75K  GLN*     1.3    82.7    -      -       +      +
     77K  GLY*     1.3    60.5    +      -       -      +
     78K  PHE*     3.4    31.4    -      -       +      -
    331K  GLU*     3.8     7.9    -      -       -      +
    335K  TYR*     3.5    28.0    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 77 (chain K). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    233I  LEU*     3.6     8.7    -      -       -      +
    363I  ARG*     3.7     3.8    -      -       -      -
     13J  LEU*     3.3    11.1    -      -       -      +
     14J  THR      2.9    47.6    +      -       -      -
     16J  TYR*     3.7     8.3    -      -       -      -
     73K  MET      3.1     3.4    +      -       -      -
     74K  VAL      3.4     3.8    +      -       -      -
     76K  VAL*     1.3    80.2    -      -       -      +
     78K  PHE*     1.3    62.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il