Contacts of the helix formed by residues 604 - 629 (chain D) in PDB entry 2QMR


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with TYR 604 (chain D).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    562D  ILE*     3.5    37.0    +      -       +      +
    563D  GLN*     4.5     9.2    -      -       -      +
    566D  MET*     3.6    35.1    -      -       +      +
    567D  PRO*     4.5    13.7    -      -       +      +
    570D  ILE*     3.2    32.0    -      -       +      +
    600D  GLY      3.9    10.5    -      -       -      -
    601D  PHE*     2.9    18.6    +      -       +      +
    603D  PRO*     1.3    98.3    -      -       +      +
    605D  CYS*     1.3    64.6    +      -       -      +
    606D  GLU      3.4     2.5    -      -       -      -
    607D  PRO*     3.3    17.9    -      -       -      +
    608D  VAL*     3.3    13.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS 605 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    601D  PHE*     3.4    21.8    +      -       +      +
    602D  LEU*     3.2    26.2    +      -       -      +
    604D  TYR*     1.3    78.2    -      -       -      +
    606D  GLU*     1.3    72.0    +      -       -      +
    608D  VAL*     3.0     1.7    +      -       -      -
    609D  TYR*     2.7    26.7    +      -       -      +
    651D  LEU*     4.2     8.5    -      -       +      -
    655D  LEU*     3.8    30.1    -      -       +      -
    658D  ASN      6.0     0.4    -      -       -      -
    659D  ILE*     6.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    662D  LEU*     3.9    20.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 606 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    602D  LEU      5.0     0.2    +      -       -      -
    603D  PRO      5.5     2.0    -      -       -      +
    605D  CYS*     1.3    85.4    -      -       -      +
    607D  PRO*     1.4    69.0    -      -       +      +
    609D  TYR*     3.9     1.0    -      -       -      +
    610D  GLN*     3.1    34.7    +      -       +      +
    661D  GLN*     5.0     4.2    -      -       -      +
    662D  LEU*     3.4    35.0    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PRO 607 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    570D  ILE*     5.1    10.1    -      -       +      -
    573D  TRP*     3.1    16.6    +      -       +      -
    574D  ASN*     3.6    28.9    -      -       -      +
    603D  PRO      5.7     0.7    -      -       -      +
    604D  TYR*     3.3    18.4    -      -       -      +
    606D  GLU*     1.4    96.8    -      -       +      +
    608D  VAL*     1.3    64.0    +      -       +      +
    610D  GLN*     4.3     4.7    -      -       +      +
    611D  ARG*     3.2    19.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 608 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    570D  ILE*     4.8     6.7    -      -       +      -
    573D  TRP*     3.5    24.7    -      -       +      +
    590D  LEU*     4.6    14.1    -      -       +      -
    601D  PHE*     3.8    26.2    -      -       +      -
    604D  TYR      3.3    19.5    -      -       -      +
    605D  CYS      3.0     6.2    +      -       -      +
    607D  PRO*     1.3    76.1    -      -       +      +
    609D  TYR*     1.3    65.7    +      -       -      +
    612D  CYS*     3.2    28.6    +      -       -      -
    647D  LEU*     3.7    37.0    -      -       +      -
    651D  LEU*     4.4     3.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 609 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    605D  CYS      2.7    18.7    +      -       -      +
    606D  GLU      3.9     2.2    -      -       -      +
    608D  VAL*     1.3    74.8    -      -       -      +
    610D  GLN*     1.3    76.4    +      -       +      +
    612D  CYS*     3.1     5.1    +      -       -      +
    613D  VAL*     3.1    38.7    +      -       +      +
    648D  LEU*     3.4    28.7    -      -       +      +
    651D  LEU*     3.9    15.7    -      -       +      +
    659D  ILE*     4.1    29.6    -      -       +      -
    662D  LEU*     3.2    42.4    +      -       +      -
    663D  VAL*     3.3    10.8    -      -       +      -
    666D  SER*     2.6    27.9    +      -       -      -
    668D  ILE*     3.3    17.6    -      -       +      +
    694D  LEU*     6.1     0.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 610 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    606D  GLU*     3.1    28.2    +      -       +      +
    607D  PRO*     4.3     4.5    -      -       +      +
    609D  TYR*     1.3    90.9    -      -       +      +
    611D  ARG*     1.3    58.0    -      -       -      +
    613D  VAL*     3.5     6.1    +      -       -      +
    614D  ASN*     3.1    30.5    +      -       -      +
    662D  LEU*     5.5     9.2    -      -       +      +
    665D  ARG*     5.1     9.0    -      -       -      +
    666D  SER*     5.8     2.1    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 611 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    573D  TRP*     3.5    45.7    +      -       +      +
    574D  ASN*     4.3     8.3    +      -       -      +
    576D  LEU      2.8    33.0    +      -       -      -
    577D  LYS      3.8     2.0    +      -       -      -
    578D  ASP*     3.1    39.2    +      -       -      +
    583D  LEU*     4.1    19.6    -      -       -      +
    607D  PRO      3.2    18.2    +      -       -      +
    610D  GLN*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
    612D  CYS*     1.3    60.2    +      -       -      +
    614D  ASN*     3.4     9.4    -      -       +      +
    615D  LEU*     2.8    35.6    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS 612 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    573D  TRP*     4.5     7.9    -      -       -      -
    587D  LEU*     4.2    10.3    -      -       -      -
    608D  VAL      3.2    17.9    +      -       -      +
    609D  TYR      3.1     9.4    +      -       -      +
    611D  ARG*     1.3    74.7    -      -       -      +
    613D  VAL*     1.3    62.3    +      -       -      +
    615D  LEU*     3.1     8.7    +      -       -      +
    616D  VAL*     2.9    31.1    +      -       -      +
    644D  ALA*     3.8    14.3    -      -       +      +
    647D  LEU*     3.4    37.9    -      -       -      -
    648D  LEU*     3.9    18.6    -      -       +      -
    651D  LEU*     6.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 613 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    609D  TYR*     3.1    43.3    +      -       +      +
    610D  GLN*     3.7     9.6    -      -       -      +
    612D  CYS*     1.3    74.8    -      -       -      +
    614D  ASN*     1.3    64.7    +      -       -      +
    616D  VAL*     3.1    10.9    +      -       -      +
    617D  GLN*     3.0    26.7    +      -       -      +
    648D  LEU*     4.4     3.1    -      -       +      -
    666D  SER*     4.5    13.7    -      -       -      -
    667D  ASN*     4.7     4.9    -      -       -      +
    668D  ILE*     4.1    19.3    -      -       +      +
    671D  LEU*     3.6    22.5    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 614 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    578D  ASP*     6.0     0.2    +      -       -      -
    610D  GLN      3.1    16.7    +      -       -      +
    611D  ARG*     3.4    14.8    -      -       +      +
    613D  VAL*     1.3    78.8    -      -       -      +
    615D  LEU*     1.3    58.0    +      -       +      +
    617D  GLN*     3.6    10.4    +      -       -      +
    618D  LYS*     3.1    46.7    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 615 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    573D  TRP*     6.2     0.4    -      -       +      -
    578D  ASP*     3.7    25.4    -      -       +      +
    583D  LEU*     3.9    21.8    -      -       +      -
    587D  LEU*     4.0    21.5    -      -       +      -
    611D  ARG*     2.8    26.5    +      -       +      +
    612D  CYS*     3.1    11.8    +      -       -      +
    614D  ASN*     1.3    74.3    -      -       +      +
    616D  VAL*     1.3    61.2    +      -       -      +
    618D  LYS*     4.0     8.0    -      -       +      +
    619D  THR*     2.4    37.2    +      -       -      +
    640D  PHE*     3.4    42.2    -      -       +      +
    641D  MET*     5.1     0.7    -      -       -      -
    644D  ALA*     4.3     4.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 616 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    612D  CYS      2.9    18.8    -      -       -      +
    613D  VAL*     3.4     8.7    -      -       -      +
    615D  LEU*     1.3    73.6    -      -       -      +
    617D  GLN*     1.3    68.7    +      -       -      +
    619D  THR*     3.4     2.9    +      -       -      -
    620D  LEU*     3.1    25.2    +      -       +      +
    641D  MET*     3.9    15.4    -      -       +      +
    644D  ALA*     4.1    13.5    -      -       +      -
    645D  LEU*     4.0    23.3    -      -       +      -
    648D  LEU*     4.3     5.8    -      -       +      -
    671D  LEU*     4.3    15.3    -      -       +      -
    675D  CYS*     3.6    30.7    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 617 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    613D  VAL*     3.0    16.5    +      -       -      +
    614D  ASN*     3.7    12.1    +      -       -      +
    616D  VAL*     1.3    77.8    -      -       -      +
    618D  LYS*     1.3    65.9    +      -       +      +
    620D  LEU*     2.9    18.2    +      -       -      +
    621D  ALA*     3.0    14.9    +      -       +      +
    667D  ASN*     3.4    29.8    +      -       -      +
    671D  LEU*     3.7    35.6    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 618 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    578D  ASP*     3.1    44.2    +      -       -      +
    579D  GLU*     4.7     6.2    +      -       -      -
    614D  ASN*     3.1    31.4    +      -       +      +
    615D  LEU*     4.0     8.8    -      -       +      +
    617D  GLN*     1.3    80.5    -      -       +      +
    619D  THR*     1.3    57.6    +      -       -      +
    621D  ALA*     3.3     7.4    +      -       -      +
    622D  GLN*     2.8    48.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 619 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    615D  LEU*     2.4    27.3    +      -       -      +
    618D  LYS*     1.3    76.0    -      -       -      +
    620D  LEU*     1.3    58.5    +      -       -      +
    622D  GLN*     3.5     9.6    +      -       -      +
    623D  ALA*     2.9    29.1    +      -       -      +
    636D  PRO*     3.6    23.5    -      -       +      +
    637D  ASP      4.0    16.6    -      -       -      +
    638D  LYS*     4.3     3.6    -      -       +      -
    640D  PHE*     4.7     7.8    -      -       +      +
    641D  MET*     3.7    38.8    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 620 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    616D  VAL*     3.1    23.7    +      -       +      +
    617D  GLN*     2.9     7.7    +      -       -      +
    619D  THR*     1.3    72.9    -      -       -      +
    621D  ALA*     1.3    65.8    +      -       -      +
    623D  ALA*     3.0     8.8    +      -       +      +
    624D  MET*     2.9    29.9    +      -       +      +
    641D  MET*     4.0    20.2    -      -       +      -
    671D  LEU*     4.0    20.4    -      -       +      +
    674D  GLN*     3.9    46.4    -      -       +      +
    675D  CYS*     4.1    14.8    -      -       -      +
    678D  ASP*     4.3    15.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 621 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    617D  GLN*     3.0    12.3    +      -       +      +
    618D  LYS*     3.6    10.5    -      -       -      +
    620D  LEU*     1.3    74.1    -      -       -      +
    622D  GLN*     1.3    57.9    +      -       +      +
    624D  MET*     2.9    17.6    +      -       -      +
    625D  LEU*     2.8    39.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 622 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    618D  LYS*     2.8    39.4    +      -       +      +
    619D  THR*     3.7     9.6    +      -       -      +
    621D  ALA*     1.3    74.1    -      -       +      +
    623D  ALA*     1.3    57.5    +      -       -      +
    625D  LEU*     3.5    15.5    +      -       +      +
    626D  ASN*     3.0    28.9    +      -       -      +
    634D  GLU      3.8     9.7    -      -       -      +
    636D  PRO*     3.6    31.1    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 623 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    619D  THR      2.9    18.5    +      -       -      +
    620D  LEU*     3.0     7.6    +      -       +      +
    622D  GLN*     1.3    73.6    -      -       -      +
    624D  MET*     1.3    65.1    +      -       +      +
    626D  ASN*     3.6     5.4    +      -       -      +
    627D  ASN*     3.1    22.7    +      -       -      +
    636D  PRO*     3.5    18.1    -      -       +      +
    638D  LYS*     4.2    24.2    -      -       -      +
    641D  MET*     5.7     0.9    -      -       +      -
    678D  ASP*     5.7     0.9    -      -       -      +
    679D  LYS*     5.9     1.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 624 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    620D  LEU*     2.9    20.4    +      -       +      +
    621D  ALA*     3.2    15.3    -      -       -      +
    623D  ALA*     1.3    74.3    -      -       +      +
    625D  LEU*     1.3    58.3    +      -       +      +
    627D  ASN*     2.8    27.0    +      -       -      +
    628D  ALA*     3.0    13.4    +      -       -      +
    674D  GLN*     4.4    17.0    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 625 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    621D  ALA*     2.8    25.4    +      -       +      +
    622D  GLN*     3.6    17.7    -      -       +      +
    624D  MET*     1.3    72.1    -      -       +      +
    626D  ASN*     1.3    56.9    +      -       -      +
    628D  ALA*     3.5     6.4    +      -       +      +
    629D  GLN      3.0    24.1    +      -       -      -
    633D  TYR*     3.4    53.2    -      -       +      +
    634D  GLU      5.8     0.4    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 626 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    622D  GLN      3.0    18.3    +      -       -      +
    623D  ALA*     3.8     6.9    +      -       -      +
    624D  MET      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    625D  LEU*     1.3    73.5    -      -       -      +
    627D  ASN*     1.3    66.3    +      -       -      +
    629D  GLN      4.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    630D  PRO*     3.3    31.6    -      -       -      +
    633D  TYR*     3.1    25.4    -      -       -      +
    634D  GLU*     3.7    10.9    -      -       -      +
    635D  ALA*     3.1    31.9    +      -       -      +
    636D  PRO*     5.2     1.0    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 627 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    623D  ALA      3.1    13.2    +      -       -      +
    624D  MET*     2.8    16.0    +      -       -      +
    626D  ASN*     1.3    74.8    -      -       -      +
    628D  ALA*     1.3    66.7    +      -       -      +
    630D  PRO*     4.1     8.4    -      -       -      +
    679D  LYS*     5.0    17.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 628 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    624D  MET      3.0     9.8    +      -       -      +
    625D  LEU*     3.8    10.1    -      -       +      +
    627D  ASN*     1.3    79.0    +      -       -      +
    629D  GLN*     1.3    73.6    +      -       +      +
    630D  PRO*     3.3     8.9    -      -       -      +
    633D  TYR*     6.0     0.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 629 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    625D  LEU      3.0    10.1    +      -       -      +
    626D  ASN      3.6     2.9    -      -       -      -
    628D  ALA*     1.3    90.6    -      -       +      +
    630D  PRO*     1.4    61.7    -      -       -      +
    631D  ASP*     3.1    10.9    -      -       -      +
    632D  GLN*     4.2    24.9    +      -       +      +
    633D  TYR*     2.9    49.4    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il