Contacts of the helix formed by residues 1 - 28 (chain B) in PDB entry 2SPC


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASN 1 (chain B).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      1A  ASN*     3.5    36.7    +      -       -      +
      0B  GLN*     1.3    91.7    +      -       -      +
      2B  LEU*     1.3    67.5    +      -       -      +
      3B  ASP*     3.5     2.0    -      -       -      -
      4B  LEU*     2.8    15.9    +      -       -      +
      5B  GLN*     2.9    22.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 2 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      1B  ASN*     1.3    74.8    -      -       -      +
      3B  ASP*     1.3    67.8    +      -       -      +
      5B  GLN*     2.8    28.9    +      -       +      +
      6B  LEU*     2.9    38.5    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 3 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      0B  GLN*     4.5     2.5    -      -       -      +
      1B  ASN      3.5     0.8    -      -       -      -
      2B  LEU*     1.3    78.2    -      -       -      +
      4B  LEU*     1.3    63.2    +      -       -      +
      6B  LEU*     3.9    12.3    -      -       -      +
      7B  TYR*     3.2    24.3    +      -       -      +
     64B  VAL*     5.5     0.5    -      -       -      +
     68B  LEU*     3.4    23.4    -      -       +      +
     71B  GLN*     2.8    31.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 4 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     75A  ALA*     3.8    14.1    -      -       +      +
     78A  LEU*     3.9    22.0    -      -       +      -
     79A  VAL*     3.3    31.2    -      -       +      -
      0B  GLN*     3.6    43.2    -      -       +      +
      1B  ASN      2.8    12.5    +      -       -      +
      3B  ASP*     1.3    84.6    -      -       -      +
      5B  GLN*     1.4    60.7    +      -       +      +
      7B  TYR*     3.3     2.3    +      -       -      +
      8B  MET*     3.0    44.4    +      -       +      +
     68B  LEU*     4.1     8.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 5 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      0B  GLN      5.2     3.0    -      -       -      +
      1B  ASN*     2.9    24.6    +      -       -      +
      2B  LEU*     2.8    26.3    +      -       +      +
      4B  LEU*     1.4    75.9    -      -       +      +
      6B  LEU*     1.3    65.9    +      -       +      +
      8B  MET*     3.1     5.6    +      -       -      +
      9B  ARG*     2.9    24.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 6 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      2B  LEU*     2.9    47.9    +      -       +      +
      3B  ASP*     3.9    10.5    -      -       -      +
      5B  GLN*     1.3    72.0    -      -       +      +
      7B  TYR*     1.3    58.4    +      -       -      +
      9B  ARG*     3.1     8.7    +      -       +      +
     10B  ASP*     2.8    38.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 7 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     79A  VAL*     3.0    39.9    +      -       +      -
     82A  LYS*     4.3     1.6    -      -       +      -
     83A  ARG*     3.3    24.1    +      -       -      +
      3B  ASP      3.2    16.1    +      -       -      +
      4B  LEU      3.6     2.7    -      -       -      +
      6B  LEU*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
      8B  MET*     1.3    91.2    -      -       +      +
     10B  ASP*     3.7     7.9    -      -       -      +
     11B  CYS*     3.0    45.8    +      -       -      -
     61B  LEU*     3.7    24.2    -      -       +      +
     64B  VAL*     3.5    29.2    -      -       +      -
     65B  ALA*     3.6    10.1    -      -       +      +
     68B  LEU*     3.7    17.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 8 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     78A  LEU*     4.2    34.3    -      -       +      +
     79A  VAL*     5.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
     82A  LYS*     3.9    29.1    -      -       +      +
      4B  LEU*     3.0    38.4    +      -       +      +
      5B  GLN*     3.1     6.3    +      -       -      +
      7B  TYR*     1.3    99.0    -      -       +      +
      9B  ARG*     1.3    64.7    +      -       -      +
     11B  CYS*     3.3     4.8    +      -       -      +
     12B  GLU*     2.9    40.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 9 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      5B  GLN      2.9    16.5    +      -       -      +
      6B  LEU*     3.5    10.1    -      -       +      +
      8B  MET*     1.3    78.6    -      -       -      +
     10B  ASP*     1.3    57.6    +      -       -      +
     12B  GLU*     2.7    46.3    +      -       -      +
     13B  LEU*     2.8    63.5    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 10 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      6B  LEU*     2.8    28.2    +      -       -      +
      7B  TYR*     3.7     8.5    -      -       -      +
      9B  ARG*     1.3    73.9    -      -       -      +
     11B  CYS*     1.4    56.4    +      -       -      +
     13B  LEU*     3.3    12.8    +      -       -      +
     14B  ALA*     2.8    29.1    +      -       -      +
     57B  LYS*     4.9     2.4    +      -       -      -
     61B  LEU*     3.8    20.0    -      -       +      +
     64B  VAL*     5.8     4.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS 11 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     82A  LYS*     3.7    25.4    -      -       +      -
     83A  ARG*     5.5     0.2    -      -       -      -
     86A  VAL*     3.8    13.5    -      -       +      +
      7B  TYR*     3.0    61.0    +      -       -      +
      8B  MET      3.6     4.5    -      -       -      +
     10B  ASP*     1.4    76.0    -      -       -      +
     12B  GLU*     1.3    58.1    +      -       -      +
     14B  ALA*     3.3     7.1    +      -       -      +
     15B  GLU*     2.8    34.7    +      -       -      +
     61B  LEU*     4.1    17.7    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 12 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     82A  LYS*     4.3     9.7    +      -       -      +
      8B  MET*     2.9    34.3    +      -       -      +
      9B  ARG*     2.7    52.6    +      -       -      +
     11B  CYS*     1.3    73.0    -      -       -      +
     13B  LEU*     1.3    56.3    +      -       -      +
     15B  GLU*     3.1    17.1    +      -       -      +
     16B  SER*     2.7    35.4    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 13 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      9B  ARG*     2.8    57.8    +      -       +      +
     10B  ASP*     3.8    11.4    -      -       -      +
     12B  GLU*     1.3    70.7    -      -       -      +
     14B  ALA*     1.3    66.1    +      -       -      +
     16B  SER*     2.8    26.7    +      -       -      +
     17B  TRP*     3.0    10.0    +      -       -      +
     57B  LYS*     4.1    10.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 14 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     86A  VAL*     5.5     0.4    -      -       +      -
     10B  ASP      2.8    16.9    +      -       -      +
     11B  CYS      3.5     5.4    -      -       -      +
     13B  LEU*     1.3    77.4    -      -       -      +
     15B  GLU*     1.3    62.2    +      -       -      +
     17B  TRP*     3.0     6.8    +      -       +      +
     18B  MET*     2.9    34.3    +      -       +      +
     57B  LYS*     3.3    32.8    -      -       +      +
     58B  ILE*     5.0     1.6    -      -       +      -
     61B  LEU*     3.6    22.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 15 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     82A  LYS*     2.8    34.1    +      -       -      -
     86A  VAL*     3.9    16.9    -      -       +      +
     89A  ARG*     2.3    50.5    +      -       -      +
     11B  CYS      2.8    20.3    +      -       -      +
     12B  GLU*     3.1    11.4    +      -       -      +
     14B  ALA*     1.3    72.3    -      -       -      +
     16B  SER*     1.3    65.0    +      -       -      +
     18B  MET*     3.3    19.6    +      -       +      +
     19B  SER*     3.0    26.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 16 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     12B  GLU      2.7    13.3    +      -       -      -
     13B  LEU*     2.8    31.9    +      -       -      +
     15B  GLU*     1.3    79.0    -      -       -      +
     17B  TRP*     1.3    59.7    +      -       -      +
     19B  SER*     3.0    17.3    +      -       -      -
     20B  ALA*     3.0    14.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 17 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     13B  LEU      3.0    10.9    +      -       -      +
     14B  ALA*     3.0    10.5    +      -       +      +
     16B  SER*     1.3    77.5    +      -       -      +
     18B  MET*     1.3    61.6    +      -       +      +
     20B  ALA*     3.2     8.6    +      -       +      +
     21B  ARG*     3.1    41.6    +      -       +      +
     50B  ALA*     5.3     0.7    -      -       -      -
     53B  GLY*     3.3    25.8    -      -       -      -
     54B  HIS*     2.9    43.7    +      +       -      -
     57B  LYS*     3.2    60.6    -      -       +      +
     58B  ILE*     5.8     1.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 18 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     86A  VAL*     4.0    27.6    -      -       +      +
     89A  ARG*     4.4    10.1    -      -       +      +
     90A  TRP*     3.8    33.2    -      -       -      -
     93A  LEU*     3.7    28.6    -      -       +      +
     14B  ALA*     2.9    15.8    +      -       +      +
     15B  GLU*     3.3    34.1    +      -       +      +
     17B  TRP*     1.3    77.5    -      -       +      +
     19B  SER*     1.3    59.0    +      -       -      +
     20B  ALA      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     21B  ARG*     3.9     2.8    -      -       -      +
     22B  GLU*     3.1    30.1    +      -       -      +
     54B  HIS*     4.2    13.5    -      -       +      +
     58B  ILE*     4.4    11.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 19 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     89A  ARG*     6.2     0.3    -      -       -      -
     15B  GLU*     3.0    14.2    +      -       -      +
     16B  SER*     3.0    11.9    +      -       -      -
     18B  MET*     1.3    77.7    -      -       -      +
     20B  ALA*     1.3    64.7    +      -       -      +
     22B  GLU*     3.9     4.1    -      -       -      +
     23B  ALA*     3.0    22.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 20 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     16B  SER      3.0    11.6    +      -       -      +
     17B  TRP*     3.5    12.8    -      -       +      +
     19B  SER*     1.3    79.3    -      -       -      +
     21B  ARG*     1.3    57.2    +      -       -      +
     23B  ALA*     2.8    21.3    +      -       -      +
     24B  PHE*     2.9    14.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 21 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     93A  LEU*     3.7    13.0    -      -       +      -
     97A  LEU*     4.0    15.5    -      -       +      -
     17B  TRP*     3.1    31.7    +      -       +      +
     18B  MET      4.0     3.4    -      -       -      +
     20B  ALA*     1.3    73.8    -      -       -      +
     22B  GLU*     1.3    53.9    +      -       -      +
     23B  ALA      2.9     4.8    +      -       -      -
     24B  PHE*     2.9    26.0    +      -       +      +
     25B  LEU*     2.8    31.5    +      -       -      +
     50B  ALA*     2.9    37.1    -      -       -      +
     54B  HIS*     3.2    35.5    +      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 22 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     89A  ARG      4.4     2.1    -      -       -      +
     92A  HIS*     2.7    36.4    +      -       -      +
     93A  LEU*     2.8    46.8    +      -       +      +
     96A  GLY*     6.5     1.3    -      -       -      -
     18B  MET      3.1    17.2    +      -       -      +
     19B  SER*     4.2     4.5    -      -       -      +
     21B  ARG*     1.3    79.9    -      -       -      +
     23B  ALA*     1.3    60.1    +      -       -      +
     25B  LEU*     3.6    12.1    +      -       +      +
     26B  ASN*     3.2    18.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 23 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     19B  SER      3.0    15.4    +      -       -      +
     20B  ALA*     2.8    17.4    +      -       -      +
     22B  GLU*     1.3    75.1    -      -       -      +
     24B  PHE*     1.4    53.3    +      -       -      +
     25B  LEU      3.0     1.1    -      -       -      -
     26B  ASN*     2.5    35.4    +      -       -      +
     27B  ALA*     3.2     4.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 24 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     97A  LEU*     4.7     5.4    -      -       +      -
     20B  ALA      2.9    11.2    +      -       -      +
     21B  ARG*     3.2    28.9    -      -       +      +
     23B  ALA*     1.4    73.0    -      -       -      +
     25B  LEU*     1.3    88.6    +      -       +      +
     27B  ALA*     3.0    11.8    +      -       +      +
     28B  ASP*     2.7    59.8    +      -       +      -
     43B  LYS*     4.7     6.1    -      -       -      -
     47B  PHE*     4.4    14.4    -      +       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 25 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     93A  LEU*     5.0     3.8    -      -       +      +
     96A  GLY*     3.4    14.4    -      -       -      +
     97A  LEU*     3.3    47.1    -      -       +      +
    100A  LYS*     3.6    27.3    -      -       +      +
     21B  ARG      2.8    12.5    +      -       -      +
     22B  GLU*     3.6    13.2    -      -       +      +
     23B  ALA      3.0     0.2    -      -       -      -
     24B  PHE*     1.3   107.6    -      -       +      +
     26B  ASN*     1.3    49.4    -      -       -      +
     28B  ASP*     3.2     7.6    +      -       +      +
     29B  ASP*     2.3    38.4    +      -       -      +
     47B  PHE*     3.9     2.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 26 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     22B  GLU      3.2    10.6    +      -       -      +
     23B  ALA*     2.5    22.8    +      -       -      +
     25B  LEU*     1.3    66.6    -      -       -      +
     27B  ALA*     1.3    65.3    +      -       -      +
     29B  ASP*     2.8    31.2    -      -       -      +
     30B  ASP*     3.1     9.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 27 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     23B  ALA      3.2     4.0    +      -       -      +
     24B  PHE*     3.0    14.8    +      -       +      +
     26B  ASN*     1.3    76.5    -      -       -      +
     28B  ASP*     1.3    65.3    +      -       -      +
     30B  ASP*     2.5    27.8    -      -       -      +
     31B  ALA*     3.0    12.4    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 28 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    100A  LYS*     2.3    34.8    +      -       -      +
     24B  PHE*     2.7    40.6    +      -       +      +
     25B  LEU*     3.4     7.9    -      -       +      +
     27B  ALA*     1.3    68.9    -      -       -      +
     29B  ASP*     1.3    52.6    +      -       -      +
     30B  ASP      2.4    23.0    +      -       -      +
     31B  ALA*     2.7    38.8    +      -       -      +
     43B  LYS*     2.9    31.9    +      -       -      -
     47B  PHE*     3.7     1.7    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il