Contacts of the helix formed by residues 177 - 199 (chain B) in PDB entry 2VE7


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with THR 177 (chain B).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    106A  ASN      4.2     0.3    +      -       -      -
    107A  GLY*     4.2    15.8    -      -       -      -
    168B  SER*     3.8    29.9    -      -       -      +
    171B  THR*     3.6    33.3    +      -       -      +
    172B  VAL*     3.7     7.6    -      -       -      +
    174B  ALA*     2.9    10.0    +      -       -      +
    175B  PRO      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    176B  HIS*     1.3    79.7    +      -       -      +
    178B  TRP*     1.3    69.8    +      -       -      +
    179B  PRO*     3.2     2.5    -      -       -      -
    180B  HIS*     3.0    19.4    +      -       +      +
    181B  ILE*     3.2    17.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 178 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     92B  ILE*     5.0     4.5    -      -       +      -
     96B  ILE*     3.6    19.5    -      -       +      +
     99B  LEU*     4.1    23.3    -      -       +      -
    117B  LEU*     2.8    32.1    +      -       +      -
    118B  GLN      3.1    21.1    +      -       -      +
    120B  PRO*     3.4    30.3    -      -       +      -
    125B  PHE*     4.6     7.2    -      +       -      -
    128B  ILE*     5.7     2.7    -      -       +      -
    172B  VAL      3.2    26.2    +      -       -      +
    173B  GLY      4.0     7.2    -      -       -      +
    174B  ALA      3.0    13.4    +      -       -      +
    175B  PRO*     5.6     0.4    -      -       +      -
    177B  THR*     1.3    74.8    -      -       -      +
    179B  PRO*     1.4    70.5    -      -       +      +
    181B  ILE*     3.0    22.9    +      -       +      +
    182B  VAL*     2.8    51.4    +      -       +      +
    185B  LEU*     4.2    10.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PRO 179 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     86B  LEU*     3.5    28.1    -      -       +      +
     87B  ASN*     6.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
     92B  ILE*     3.6    29.7    -      -       +      +
    175B  PRO      3.3    22.7    -      -       -      +
    176B  HIS*     4.0     3.4    -      -       -      -
    177B  THR      3.4     5.8    -      -       -      +
    178B  TRP*     1.4    93.8    -      -       +      +
    180B  HIS*     1.3    63.8    +      -       +      +
    182B  VAL*     3.4     5.2    -      -       +      +
    183B  ALA*     3.3    22.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 180 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     86B  LEU*     3.4    31.1    -      -       +      +
    160B  TYR*     4.2     4.0    +      -       -      -
    164B  LEU*     4.7     7.9    -      -       +      +
    168B  SER*     6.0     1.1    -      -       -      +
    176B  HIS      3.5    24.4    +      -       -      -
    177B  THR*     3.0    10.6    +      -       +      +
    179B  PRO*     1.3    78.2    -      -       +      +
    181B  ILE*     1.3    68.6    +      -       +      +
    183B  ALA*     3.4     6.4    -      -       -      +
    184B  ALA*     3.0    25.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 181 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    125B  PHE*     3.4    38.6    -      -       +      -
    164B  LEU*     4.0    20.4    -      -       +      -
    168B  SER*     4.1    12.1    -      -       -      +
    169B  MET*     3.7    25.8    -      -       +      -
    172B  VAL*     4.2    13.0    -      -       +      +
    177B  THR*     3.2    25.5    +      -       +      +
    178B  TRP*     3.0    19.3    +      -       +      +
    180B  HIS*     1.3    78.0    -      -       +      +
    182B  VAL*     1.3    60.4    +      -       -      +
    184B  ALA*     2.9     7.7    +      -       +      +
    185B  LEU*     2.9    27.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 182 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     92B  ILE*     4.1    15.9    -      -       +      -
     95B  CYS*     3.9    30.1    -      -       +      +
     96B  ILE*     4.0    17.5    -      -       +      +
     99B  LEU*     4.3     9.9    -      -       +      -
    178B  TRP*     2.8    57.0    +      -       +      +
    179B  PRO*     3.4    12.3    -      -       +      +
    181B  ILE*     1.3    69.1    -      -       -      +
    183B  ALA*     1.3    70.8    +      -       -      +
    185B  LEU*     3.2     5.0    +      -       -      +
    186B  VAL*     3.0    25.4    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 183 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     84B  ARG*     3.5    26.2    +      -       -      +
     86B  LEU*     3.6    24.2    -      -       +      -
     91B  PHE*     5.1     0.2    -      -       +      -
     95B  CYS*     4.5    14.6    -      -       -      -
    179B  PRO      3.3    16.5    +      -       -      +
    180B  HIS      3.4     6.1    -      -       -      +
    182B  VAL*     1.3    85.6    -      -       +      +
    184B  ALA*     1.3    62.1    +      -       -      +
    186B  VAL*     3.3     3.2    +      -       -      +
    187B  TRP*     3.0    18.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 184 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    155B  PHE*     3.3    31.0    -      -       +      -
    160B  TYR*     3.6    28.4    +      -       +      +
    164B  LEU*     4.3    12.1    -      -       +      -
    180B  HIS      3.0    13.7    +      -       -      +
    181B  ILE*     2.9    12.5    +      -       +      +
    183B  ALA*     1.3    75.9    -      -       -      +
    185B  LEU*     1.3    57.7    +      -       -      +
    187B  TRP*     3.2     4.2    +      -       -      +
    188B  LEU      2.9    23.4    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 185 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     99B  LEU*     4.0    22.4    -      -       +      -
    125B  PHE*     3.7    32.3    -      -       +      -
    128B  ILE*     3.8    23.6    -      -       +      -
    129B  PHE*     4.5    13.2    -      -       +      -
    132B  LEU*     4.0    20.1    -      -       +      +
    155B  PHE*     4.4    14.4    -      -       +      -
    178B  TRP*     4.2    16.2    -      -       +      -
    181B  ILE      2.9    16.0    +      -       -      +
    182B  VAL*     3.2     6.7    +      -       -      +
    184B  ALA*     1.3    76.0    -      -       -      +
    186B  VAL*     1.3    57.4    +      -       -      +
    188B  LEU*     3.1     9.8    +      -       +      +
    189B  ILE*     2.9    32.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 186 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     95B  CYS*     3.5    39.7    -      -       +      +
     98B  GLN*     3.2    32.5    -      -       +      +
     99B  LEU*     4.4     9.2    -      -       +      +
    182B  VAL*     3.0    21.1    +      -       +      +
    183B  ALA*     3.7     6.5    -      -       -      +
    185B  LEU*     1.3    71.7    -      -       -      +
    187B  TRP*     1.3    61.5    +      -       -      +
    189B  ILE*     3.3    12.5    +      -       +      +
    190B  ASP*     3.0    34.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 187 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     84B  ARG*     4.3     8.3    -      -       -      +
    155B  PHE*     4.1    11.7    -      +       -      -
    158B  LEU*     3.5    28.5    -      -       +      -
    159B  GLY      3.7     9.6    -      -       -      -
    160B  TYR*     3.2    67.3    -      +       +      -
    161B  PRO*     4.8     0.7    -      -       +      -
    183B  ALA      3.0    12.9    +      -       -      +
    184B  ALA      3.3    11.0    -      -       -      +
    186B  VAL*     1.3    74.5    -      -       -      +
    188B  LEU*     1.3    81.4    +      -       -      +
    190B  ASP*     3.0    11.6    +      -       -      +
    191B  CYS*     3.0    41.4    +      -       -      -
     78D  LEU*     3.0    33.1    +      -       +      -
     79D  MET*     3.3    29.0    -      -       +      +
     82D  PHE*     4.3     5.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 188 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    129B  PHE*     4.3    17.9    -      -       +      -
    132B  LEU*     3.7    33.7    -      -       +      -
    133B  TYR*     4.3     9.6    -      -       +      +
    136B  LEU*     4.1    16.6    -      -       +      -
    155B  PHE*     4.1    21.1    -      -       +      -
    158B  LEU*     3.6    31.4    -      -       +      -
    184B  ALA      2.9    12.2    +      -       -      +
    185B  LEU*     3.1     9.2    +      -       +      +
    187B  TRP*     1.3    82.5    -      -       +      +
    189B  ILE*     1.3    62.5    +      -       -      +
    191B  CYS*     2.9    18.2    +      -       +      +
    192B  ILE*     3.0    16.5    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 189 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     98B  GLN*     4.3     4.9    -      -       +      +
     99B  LEU*     4.0    31.0    -      -       +      +
    102B  PHE*     3.6    49.8    -      -       +      -
    132B  LEU*     4.0    17.0    -      -       +      -
    185B  LEU      2.9    18.7    +      -       -      +
    186B  VAL*     3.4    16.6    -      -       +      +
    188B  LEU*     1.3    74.1    -      -       -      +
    190B  ASP*     1.3    60.1    +      -       -      +
    192B  ILE*     3.3    12.9    +      -       -      +
    193B  LYS*     3.0    39.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 190 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     98B  GLN*     5.9     0.7    +      -       -      -
    186B  VAL*     3.0    22.1    +      -       -      +
    187B  TRP*     3.0    15.6    +      -       -      +
    189B  ILE*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
    191B  CYS*     1.3    63.4    +      -       -      +
    193B  LYS*     3.1    23.1    +      -       -      +
    194B  ILE*     2.9    24.6    +      -       -      +
     72D  GLY      5.0     0.3    -      -       -      +
     73D  VAL*     3.7    19.9    -      -       +      +
     74D  MET*     3.6    22.6    +      -       -      +
     75D  TYR*     4.7     3.3    +      -       -      -
     79D  MET*     3.9    18.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS 191 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    136B  LEU*     4.7     2.0    -      -       +      -
    158B  LEU*     5.3     0.4    -      -       -      -
    187B  TRP*     3.0    40.1    +      -       -      -
    188B  LEU*     2.9    17.4    +      -       +      +
    190B  ASP*     1.3    74.1    -      -       -      +
    192B  ILE*     1.3    53.3    +      -       -      +
    194B  ILE*     2.9     4.8    +      -       -      +
    195B  HIS*     2.7    32.6    +      -       -      +
     79D  MET*     3.6    13.9    -      -       -      +
     82D  PHE*     3.4    55.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 192 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    102B  PHE*     4.1    25.6    -      -       +      -
    132B  LEU*     3.4    35.7    -      -       +      +
    135B  PHE*     3.9    36.3    -      -       +      +
    136B  LEU*     4.4    19.1    -      -       +      -
    188B  LEU*     3.0    17.0    +      -       +      +
    189B  ILE*     3.3    17.0    +      -       -      +
    191B  CYS*     1.3    73.8    -      -       -      +
    193B  LYS*     1.3    57.6    +      -       +      +
    195B  HIS*     3.8     0.7    -      -       -      +
    196B  THR*     2.8    45.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 193 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    102B  PHE*     5.2    11.4    -      -       +      -
    189B  ILE*     3.0    31.4    +      -       +      +
    190B  ASP*     3.1    22.5    +      -       -      +
    192B  ILE*     1.3    75.4    -      -       +      +
    194B  ILE*     1.3    64.6    +      -       -      +
    196B  THR*     3.2     5.4    +      -       -      -
    197B  ALA*     3.0    24.8    +      -       -      +
     70D  ASN      5.4     0.2    -      -       -      +
     71D  SER*     3.9    25.3    +      -       -      +
     72D  GLY      4.6    10.7    +      -       -      +
     73D  VAL*     4.9     2.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 194 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    190B  ASP      2.9    16.9    +      -       -      +
    191B  CYS      3.4     6.1    -      -       -      +
    193B  LYS*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
    195B  HIS*     1.3    58.8    +      -       -      +
    197B  ALA*     3.3     2.8    +      -       -      +
    198B  MET*     3.0    28.3    +      -       +      +
     67D  MET*     4.0    17.3    -      -       -      -
     68D  PRO*     3.9    13.0    -      -       +      +
     71D  SER*     4.0    10.1    -      -       -      -
     73D  VAL*     3.8    15.9    -      -       +      -
     79D  MET*     3.7    43.3    -      -       +      -
     82D  PHE*     3.9    14.8    -      -       +      -
     83D  LEU*     3.9    22.0    -      -       +      -
     86D  SER*     4.1     8.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 195 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    135B  PHE      4.9     6.5    -      -       -      -
    136B  LEU*     3.8    30.9    +      -       +      -
    191B  CYS      2.7    19.1    +      -       -      +
    192B  ILE      3.8     3.1    -      -       -      +
    194B  ILE*     1.3    74.8    -      -       -      +
    196B  THR*     1.3    61.7    +      -       -      +
    198B  MET*     3.4     5.0    -      -       +      +
    199B  LYS*     3.0    62.0    +      -       +      +
     82D  PHE*     4.1     4.9    -      +       +      -
     85D  PHE*     4.7     2.9    -      +       -      -
     86D  SER*     3.0    35.5    +      -       -      +
     89D  VAL*     3.8    24.5    -      -       +      -
     90D  THR*     4.9     4.3    -      -       -      -
    106D  THR*     4.3    14.6    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 196 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    135B  PHE*     5.8     1.2    -      -       -      -
    192B  ILE*     2.8    33.5    +      -       -      +
    193B  LYS*     3.8     5.4    -      -       -      -
    195B  HIS*     1.3    71.7    -      -       -      +
    197B  ALA*     1.3    66.1    +      -       -      +
    199B  LYS*     3.2    22.6    +      -       +      +
    200B  GLU*     3.1    18.0    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 197 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    193B  LYS      3.0    15.5    +      -       -      +
    194B  ILE      3.6     4.7    -      -       -      +
    196B  THR*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
    198B  MET*     1.3    58.4    +      -       -      +
    200B  GLU*     2.9    33.6    +      -       -      +
    201B  SER      3.5     7.4    +      -       -      +
     68D  PRO*     3.9    20.0    -      -       +      -
     70D  ASN*     4.1    27.4    -      -       +      +
     71D  SER*     4.4     1.8    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 198 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    194B  ILE*     3.0    16.6    +      -       +      +
    195B  HIS*     3.4    12.6    -      -       -      +
    197B  ALA*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
    199B  LYS*     1.3    57.9    +      -       +      +
    200B  GLU      3.0    11.1    +      -       -      +
    201B  SER*     4.1     5.8    +      -       -      -
    202B  SER*     3.6    23.5    +      -       -      -
     66D  MET      4.3     1.1    -      -       -      +
     68D  PRO*     3.6    22.2    -      -       +      +
     83D  LEU*     4.6     1.8    -      -       +      +
     86D  SER*     3.1    37.2    -      -       -      +
     87D  ASN*     3.5    37.0    -      -       -      +
     90D  THR*     3.1    39.0    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 199 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    135B  PHE      5.8     2.2    -      -       -      -
    195B  HIS*     3.0    52.0    +      -       +      +
    196B  THR*     3.2    14.5    +      -       -      +
    197B  ALA      3.1     1.8    -      -       -      -
    198B  MET*     1.3    76.4    -      -       +      +
    200B  GLU*     1.3    73.6    +      -       -      +
     89D  VAL*     5.1     4.6    -      -       -      +
     90D  THR*     5.9     1.8    -      -       -      +
     93D  ASP*     5.3     5.7    +      -       -      -
    106D  THR*     5.8     0.6    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il