Contacts of the helix formed by residues 73 - 94 (chain B) in PDB entry 2YF3


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with LEU 73 (chain B).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     29A  PRO*     4.8     1.3    -      -       +      -
     30A  THR      3.9    35.2    -      -       -      +
     31A  PRO*     4.1     3.4    -      -       +      -
     32A  PRO*     3.8    20.6    -      -       +      -
     94A  LEU*     4.4    15.8    -      -       +      +
     96A  ILE*     4.0    26.6    -      -       +      +
    138A  ILE*     5.0     0.4    -      -       +      -
     58B  LEU*     4.1    20.6    -      -       +      -
     68B  LEU*     4.7     7.2    -      -       +      -
     69B  SER      3.8     9.6    -      -       -      +
     70B  ALA*     3.0    20.1    +      -       -      +
     72B  ASP*     1.3    79.2    -      -       -      +
     74B  ALA*     1.3    63.0    +      -       -      +
     75B  PRO      3.5     0.7    -      -       -      -
     76B  LEU*     3.4     8.6    +      -       +      +
     77B  ALA*     3.0    22.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 74 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    134A  VAL*     3.6     5.3    -      -       +      +
    135A  ARG*     3.5    42.4    -      -       +      +
    138A  ILE*     4.1    17.9    -      -       +      +
     70B  ALA      4.0     1.4    +      -       -      -
     71B  GLY*     3.0    18.2    +      -       -      +
     73B  LEU*     1.3    77.6    -      -       -      +
     75B  PRO*     1.4    66.6    -      -       +      +
     77B  ALA*     3.3     0.9    +      -       -      -
     78B  HIS*     3.0    23.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PRO 75 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    135A  ARG*     3.6    26.0    -      -       -      +
     54B  GLU*     3.5    29.2    -      -       -      +
     71B  GLY      4.1     1.3    -      -       -      +
     72B  ASP*     3.5    16.2    -      -       -      +
     73B  LEU      3.7     0.2    -      -       -      -
     74B  ALA*     1.4    93.2    -      -       +      +
     76B  LEU*     1.3    61.8    +      -       -      +
     78B  HIS*     3.3     7.2    +      -       +      +
     79B  GLU*     3.0    27.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 76 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     37A  LEU*     3.8    17.5    -      -       +      -
     94A  LEU*     3.8    23.1    -      -       +      -
     51B  VAL*     3.9    24.5    -      -       +      +
     54B  GLU*     3.8    16.8    -      -       +      +
     55B  ILE*     3.7    26.7    -      -       +      -
     58B  LEU*     3.7    31.2    -      -       +      -
     72B  ASP      5.1     0.4    +      -       -      -
     73B  LEU*     3.4     9.3    +      -       +      +
     74B  ALA      3.4     0.6    -      -       -      -
     75B  PRO*     1.3    78.4    -      -       -      +
     77B  ALA*     1.3    58.2    +      -       -      +
     79B  GLU*     3.2     1.6    +      -       -      -
     80B  LEU*     2.9    41.8    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 77 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     91A  LEU*     4.0    19.6    -      -       +      +
     94A  LEU*     5.4     0.4    -      -       -      +
     96A  ILE*     3.9    24.2    -      -       +      +
    101A  VAL*     3.6     7.4    -      -       +      +
    134A  VAL*     4.1    12.1    -      -       +      -
    138A  ILE*     4.3     8.1    -      -       +      -
     73B  LEU      3.0    16.9    +      -       -      +
     74B  ALA      3.8     3.6    -      -       -      +
     76B  LEU*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
     78B  HIS*     1.3    57.8    +      -       -      +
     80B  LEU*     3.5     2.6    +      -       -      +
     81B  ALA*     3.0    28.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 78 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    101A  VAL*     4.4     2.2    -      -       -      -
    105A  VAL*     4.5     6.4    -      -       +      +
    132A  ALA*     4.1    29.4    +      -       +      +
    134A  VAL*     3.9    26.9    -      -       +      +
     74B  ALA      3.0    13.1    +      -       -      +
     75B  PRO*     3.4    13.4    -      -       +      +
     77B  ALA*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
     79B  GLU*     1.3    67.7    +      -       -      +
     81B  ALA*     3.2     4.5    +      -       -      +
     82B  ASP*     2.9    48.8    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 79 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     47B  GLU*     3.4     6.9    -      -       -      +
     50B  GLU*     2.9    39.3    -      -       -      +
     51B  VAL*     3.4    31.0    -      -       +      +
     54B  GLU*     3.8    22.6    -      -       +      +
     75B  PRO      3.0    16.4    +      -       -      +
     76B  LEU*     3.9     2.9    -      -       -      +
     78B  HIS*     1.3    83.0    +      -       -      +
     80B  LEU*     1.3    59.9    +      -       -      +
     82B  ASP*     3.1    17.9    +      -       -      +
     83B  LEU      2.9    23.9    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 80 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     44A  LEU*     4.2    11.7    -      -       +      -
     87A  THR*     3.3    28.4    -      -       +      +
     90A  ALA*     3.9    27.4    -      -       +      -
     91A  LEU*     3.8    35.2    -      -       +      -
     94A  LEU*     4.2     8.7    -      -       +      -
     51B  VAL*     3.7    25.1    -      -       +      +
     55B  ILE*     5.8     0.4    -      -       +      -
     76B  LEU*     2.9    44.2    +      -       +      +
     77B  ALA      3.8     4.0    -      -       -      +
     79B  GLU*     1.3    71.8    -      -       -      +
     81B  ALA*     1.3    59.1    +      -       -      +
     83B  LEU*     3.2     1.6    +      -       -      -
     84B  LEU*     2.9    25.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 81 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     91A  LEU*     4.6     3.0    -      -       +      +
     98A  ALA      5.4     0.2    -      -       -      +
    101A  VAL*     3.6    21.3    -      -       +      -
    102A  PHE*     4.1    17.7    -      -       +      +
    105A  VAL*     3.8    14.8    -      -       +      +
     77B  ALA      3.0    17.6    +      -       -      +
     78B  HIS      3.6     4.5    -      -       -      +
     80B  LEU*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
     82B  ASP*     1.3    60.4    +      -       -      +
     84B  LEU*     3.3    16.3    +      -       +      +
     85B  TYR*     2.9    27.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 82 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    105A  VAL*     3.5    20.3    -      -       -      +
    109A  ASN*     5.2     1.2    +      -       -      -
     47B  GLU*     3.3    31.0    -      -       -      +
     50B  GLU*     4.2     2.1    -      -       -      +
     78B  HIS*     2.9    35.9    +      -       -      -
     79B  GLU*     3.1    23.5    -      -       -      +
     81B  ALA*     1.3    75.1    -      -       -      +
     83B  LEU*     1.3    63.3    +      -       -      +
     85B  TYR*     3.1    17.4    +      -       -      +
     86B  VAL*     3.1    16.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 83 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     44A  LEU*     3.7    20.0    -      -       +      -
     48A  SER*     5.3     0.2    -      -       -      +
     83A  LEU*     4.2    10.8    -      -       +      -
     87A  THR*     3.5    26.0    -      -       +      +
     44B  LEU*     4.2    19.7    -      -       +      +
     47B  GLU*     3.9    22.1    -      -       +      +
     48B  SER*     4.1    20.6    -      -       -      +
     51B  VAL*     4.3    15.7    -      -       +      -
     79B  GLU      2.9    14.7    +      -       -      +
     80B  LEU      3.5     9.2    -      -       -      +
     81B  ALA      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
     82B  ASP*     1.3    72.2    -      -       -      +
     84B  LEU*     1.3    62.8    +      -       -      +
     86B  VAL*     3.3     3.4    +      -       +      +
     87B  THR*     2.6    42.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 84 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     84A  LEU*     3.9    13.7    -      -       +      +
     87A  THR*     3.6    24.7    -      -       +      -
     88A  TYR*     3.9    44.0    -      -       +      +
     91A  LEU*     3.9    25.4    -      -       +      -
     98A  ALA*     4.5     4.7    -      -       +      +
    102A  PHE*     3.7    24.5    -      -       +      -
     80B  LEU      2.9    16.3    +      -       -      +
     81B  ALA*     3.3    10.7    +      -       +      +
     83B  LEU*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
     85B  TYR*     1.3    64.8    +      -       -      +
     87B  THR*     4.4     4.3    -      -       -      -
     88B  TYR*     2.9    33.0    +      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 85 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    102A  PHE*     3.4    29.8    -      +       -      -
    105A  VAL*     4.3     8.7    -      -       +      -
    106A  HIS*     2.6    49.7    +      -       -      -
    109A  ASN*     3.4    32.3    -      -       +      +
     14B  LEU*     3.6    33.8    -      -       +      +
     17B  PHE*     3.4    33.2    -      +       -      +
     81B  ALA      2.9    12.1    +      -       -      +
     82B  ASP*     3.1    13.4    +      -       -      +
     84B  LEU*     1.3    77.1    -      -       -      +
     86B  VAL*     1.3    58.6    +      -       +      +
     89B  GLY*     2.8    30.1    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 86 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     40B  ARG*     2.9    30.2    +      -       -      +
     43B  LEU*     3.7    38.1    -      -       +      +
     44B  LEU*     4.1    16.9    -      -       +      +
     47B  GLU*     3.7    35.9    -      -       +      +
     82B  ASP      3.1     7.3    +      -       -      +
     83B  LEU*     3.6    10.5    -      -       +      +
     85B  TYR*     1.3    80.9    -      -       +      +
     87B  THR*     1.3    61.9    +      -       -      +
     89B  GLY      3.6     0.2    -      -       -      -
     90B  ALA*     3.1    15.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 87 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     80A  LEU*     3.3    41.3    -      -       +      +
     83A  LEU*     3.6    13.2    -      -       +      +
     84A  LEU*     3.4    26.2    -      -       +      +
     87A  THR*     5.3     0.7    +      -       -      -
     44B  LEU*     3.6    17.7    -      -       -      +
     83B  LEU*     2.6    25.6    +      -       -      +
     84B  LEU*     3.8     0.4    -      -       -      -
     86B  VAL*     1.3    74.4    -      -       -      +
     88B  TYR*     1.3    66.4    +      -       -      +
     89B  GLY      3.0     1.1    -      -       -      -
     90B  ALA*     3.2    13.2    +      -       -      +
     91B  LEU*     3.3    15.5    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 88 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     10A  ASN*     2.8    27.4    +      -       -      -
     84A  LEU*     3.9    22.4    -      -       +      -
     88A  TYR*     2.4    42.0    +      +       -      -
    102A  PHE*     4.0    17.0    -      +       -      -
     10B  ASN*     3.7    16.7    +      -       +      +
     11B  ALA*     3.7    27.8    -      -       +      -
     14B  LEU*     3.7    19.9    -      -       +      +
     84B  LEU*     2.9    28.8    +      -       +      +
     87B  THR*     1.3    74.7    -      -       -      +
     89B  GLY*     1.3    63.3    +      -       -      +
     91B  LEU*     3.2     6.7    +      -       -      +
     92B  ASP*     2.9    25.6    +      -       -      +
     98B  ALA*     3.7    21.1    -      -       +      +
     99B  ASP*     4.3     0.7    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 89 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     14B  LEU*     3.7    16.8    -      -       -      -
     18B  HIS*     3.4     6.9    -      -       -      -
     40B  ARG*     3.4    17.7    -      -       -      -
     85B  TYR      2.8    20.1    +      -       -      -
     86B  VAL      3.5     0.2    +      -       -      -
     87B  THR      3.0     0.8    -      -       -      -
     88B  TYR*     1.3    75.9    -      -       -      +
     90B  ALA*     1.3    62.7    +      -       -      +
     93B  GLN*     3.0    28.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 90 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     55A  ILE*     6.5     0.4    -      -       +      -
     80A  LEU*     3.9    24.0    -      -       +      -
     40B  ARG*     3.5    33.5    -      -       +      +
     44B  LEU*     5.2     3.1    -      -       +      -
     86B  VAL      3.1    16.4    +      -       -      +
     87B  THR      3.2     5.6    +      -       -      +
     89B  GLY*     1.3    75.3    -      -       -      +
     91B  LEU*     1.3    64.9    +      -       -      +
     93B  GLN*     3.2     3.5    +      -       -      +
     94B  LEU*     3.1    29.4    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 91 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     77A  ALA*     4.0    28.3    -      -       +      +
     80A  LEU*     3.9    26.5    -      -       +      -
     81A  ALA*     4.5     6.7    -      -       +      +
     84A  LEU*     4.1    18.2    -      -       +      -
     87B  THR      3.3     8.8    +      -       -      +
     88B  TYR*     3.2     7.5    +      -       -      +
     90B  ALA*     1.3    80.1    -      -       -      +
     92B  ASP*     1.3    60.9    +      -       -      +
     94B  LEU*     3.1    12.5    +      -       +      +
     96B  ILE*     3.1    59.9    +      -       +      +
     98B  ALA*     3.6    28.9    -      -       +      +
    101B  VAL*     5.0     3.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 92 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     11B  ALA      4.4     3.7    -      -       -      +
     14B  LEU*     4.3     7.0    -      -       +      -
     15B  HIS*     3.4    35.8    +      -       -      +
     18B  HIS*     2.6    29.2    +      -       +      +
     25B  THR*     2.6    28.9    +      -       -      -
     26B  PRO      4.4     1.0    -      -       -      +
     88B  TYR      2.9    16.8    +      -       -      +
     89B  GLY      3.7     4.3    -      -       -      +
     91B  LEU*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
     93B  GLN*     1.3    56.5    +      -       -      +
     95B  GLY*     2.8    20.6    +      -       -      -
     96B  ILE      4.1     6.2    +      -       -      +
     98B  ALA*     5.7     0.4    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 93 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     18B  HIS*     3.2    32.2    +      -       +      -
     21B  ILE*     5.1     1.6    -      -       -      +
     23B  ALA*     3.8    11.5    -      -       -      +
     24B  ALA*     2.8    44.2    +      -       -      +
     26B  PRO*     4.0    12.4    -      -       -      +
     30B  THR*     4.7     2.4    -      -       -      +
     32B  PRO*     5.4     0.3    -      -       -      +
     36B  LEU*     3.5    45.5    -      -       +      +
     39B  LEU*     5.7     3.2    -      -       -      +
     40B  ARG*     3.6    19.0    -      -       +      +
     89B  GLY      3.0    22.9    +      -       -      +
     90B  ALA      3.2     4.2    +      -       -      +
     92B  ASP*     1.3    74.6    -      -       -      +
     94B  LEU*     1.3    60.8    +      -       +      +
     95B  GLY      3.2     1.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 94 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     73A  LEU*     4.4    11.0    -      -       +      -
     76A  LEU*     4.0    23.3    -      -       +      -
     77A  ALA      5.4     1.3    -      -       -      +
     80A  LEU*     4.1    15.3    -      -       +      -
     26B  PRO*     4.4     1.3    -      -       -      -
     29B  PRO*     3.4     2.6    -      -       -      +
     30B  THR      2.9    32.2    +      -       -      +
     32B  PRO*     3.5    41.1    -      -       +      -
     36B  LEU*     5.8     1.3    -      -       +      -
     37B  LEU*     4.6     8.5    -      -       +      -
     40B  ARG*     6.3     1.6    -      -       +      -
     90B  ALA*     3.1    19.9    +      -       +      +
     91B  LEU*     3.1    11.8    +      -       +      +
     93B  GLN*     1.3    78.7    -      -       +      +
     95B  GLY*     1.3    57.1    +      -       -      +
     96B  ILE*     3.2    26.5    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il