Contacts of the helix formed by residues 131 - 153 (chain B) in PDB entry 2YW7


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASP 131 (chain B).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    121A  ARG*     3.8    11.6    +      -       -      +
     17B  VAL*     3.5    24.7    -      -       +      +
     71B  ARG*     3.0    23.9    +      -       -      -
     75B  LEU*     3.4    17.2    -      -       -      +
    127B  LEU*     3.2    11.7    +      -       +      +
    130B  LEU*     1.3    80.7    -      -       -      +
    132B  LEU*     1.3    58.5    +      -       -      +
    133B  VAL*     3.2     7.6    +      -       -      +
    134B  SER*     3.0    29.1    +      -       -      +
    135B  GLN*     3.0    27.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 132 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    121A  ARG*     4.4     7.5    -      -       -      +
    124A  ILE*     3.8    22.2    -      -       +      -
    128A  GLU*     4.6     7.6    -      -       -      +
    135A  GLN*     4.1    13.0    -      -       -      +
    139A  ILE*     3.5    35.1    -      -       +      +
    128B  GLU*     3.4    46.7    -      -       -      +
    130B  LEU      4.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
    131B  ASP*     1.3    71.2    +      -       -      +
    133B  VAL*     1.3    66.2    +      -       +      +
    135B  GLN*     3.5    12.6    +      -       +      +
    136B  ASP*     3.1    21.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 133 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    121A  ARG*     3.3    21.5    -      -       -      +
    124A  ILE*     5.1     2.5    -      -       +      -
    139A  ILE*     4.3    13.2    -      -       +      +
    142A  ALA*     3.8    17.9    -      -       +      -
    143A  GLY*     3.8    23.8    -      -       -      +
    146A  GLU*     3.6    14.8    -      -       -      +
     71B  ARG*     3.5    26.2    -      -       -      +
    131B  ASP*     3.2     7.3    +      -       -      +
    132B  LEU*     1.3    75.5    -      -       +      +
    134B  SER*     1.3    66.9    +      -       -      +
    136B  ASP*     3.2    21.0    +      -       +      +
    137B  LEU*     3.4     5.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 134 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     17B  VAL*     3.8     2.9    -      -       -      +
     21B  LEU*     3.7    29.2    -      -       -      +
     71B  ARG*     2.8    30.6    +      -       -      +
    127B  LEU*     4.3     5.6    -      -       -      -
    131B  ASP*     3.0    28.3    +      -       -      -
    133B  VAL*     1.3    74.7    -      -       -      +
    135B  GLN*     1.3    55.6    +      -       -      +
    137B  LEU*     2.7    36.5    +      -       -      +
    138B  LEU*     3.1     8.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 135 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    124B  ILE*     2.6    41.9    +      -       +      +
    127B  LEU*     3.2    13.3    -      -       +      +
    128B  GLU*     2.9    37.8    -      -       -      +
    131B  ASP      3.0    18.9    +      -       -      +
    132B  LEU*     3.5    15.1    -      -       +      +
    133B  VAL      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    134B  SER*     1.3    75.6    -      -       -      +
    136B  ASP*     1.3    52.5    +      -       -      +
    138B  LEU*     2.9     7.5    +      -       -      +
    139B  ILE*     2.8    54.6    +      -       +      +
    132D  LEU*     3.3    18.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 136 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    136A  ASP*     4.8     1.7    -      -       -      +
    139A  ILE*     3.1    32.7    -      -       +      +
    140A  ALA*     3.9    14.4    -      -       -      +
    132B  LEU      3.1    12.5    +      -       -      +
    133B  VAL*     3.2    12.8    -      -       +      +
    135B  GLN*     1.3    75.9    -      -       -      +
    137B  LEU*     1.3    61.2    +      -       -      +
    139B  ILE*     3.3    10.5    +      -       -      +
    140B  ALA*     3.1    22.0    +      -       -      +
    136D  ASP*     3.7    22.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 137 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     21B  LEU*     5.2     3.4    -      -       +      -
     67B  GLU*     3.0    57.9    -      -       +      +
     68B  VAL*     4.4    10.1    -      -       +      -
     71B  ARG*     3.9    26.7    -      -       +      -
    133B  VAL      3.4     4.8    +      -       -      +
    134B  SER*     2.7    20.6    +      -       -      +
    136B  ASP*     1.3    74.9    -      -       -      +
    138B  LEU*     1.3    57.9    +      -       +      +
    140B  ALA*     3.4     9.1    -      -       +      +
    141B  HIS*     3.0    47.0    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 138 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     20B  LEU      5.4     1.8    -      -       -      +
     21B  LEU*     3.9    22.7    -      -       +      -
     24B  GLN*     3.7    24.5    -      -       +      +
     28B  TYR*     3.4    24.9    -      -       -      +
     68B  VAL*     4.2    11.7    -      -       +      -
    120B  THR*     3.9     6.0    -      -       +      +
    123B  SER*     4.1    25.8    -      -       -      -
    124B  ILE*     3.5    16.4    -      -       +      +
    127B  LEU*     4.2    13.7    -      -       +      -
    134B  SER      3.1     6.8    +      -       -      +
    135B  GLN*     2.9     8.2    +      -       -      +
    137B  LEU*     1.3    75.7    -      -       +      +
    139B  ILE*     1.3    59.3    +      -       -      +
    140B  ALA      3.2     1.6    -      -       -      -
    141B  HIS*     3.9     8.1    -      -       -      +
    142B  ALA*     3.0    28.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 139 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    124B  ILE*     3.8    18.8    -      -       +      -
    135B  GLN*     2.8    48.5    +      -       +      +
    136B  ASP*     3.3    11.9    +      -       -      +
    138B  LEU*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
    140B  ALA*     1.3    64.0    +      -       -      +
    142B  ALA*     3.8     0.9    -      -       -      +
    143B  GLY*     3.4    17.2    +      -       -      -
    132D  LEU*     4.2    17.0    -      -       +      +
    133D  VAL*     3.9    24.4    -      -       +      +
    136D  ASP*     3.7    33.9    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 140 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     64B  TYR*     4.2     1.1    +      -       -      -
     67B  GLU*     5.4     1.8    -      -       -      +
    136B  ASP*     3.1    12.4    +      -       -      +
    137B  LEU*     3.4    15.5    -      -       +      +
    138B  LEU      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    139B  ILE*     1.3    78.5    -      -       -      +
    141B  HIS*     1.3    69.4    +      -       +      +
    143B  GLY*     3.9     1.0    +      -       -      -
    144B  GLU*     3.6    21.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 141 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     28B  TYR*     2.5    39.1    +      +       -      +
     64B  TYR*     3.3    61.2    -      +       +      -
     67B  GLU*     3.0    24.1    +      -       -      -
     68B  VAL*     4.0     6.1    -      -       +      -
    120B  THR*     5.2     0.7    -      -       +      -
    137B  LEU*     3.0    30.6    +      -       +      +
    138B  LEU*     3.7     5.8    +      -       +      +
    140B  ALA*     1.3    77.4    -      -       +      +
    142B  ALA*     1.3    68.6    +      -       -      +
    144B  GLU*     2.9     2.9    +      -       -      +
    145B  LEU*     2.9    32.0    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 142 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    117B  ILE*     6.0     2.2    -      -       +      -
    120B  THR*     3.9    16.6    -      -       +      +
    121B  ARG*     5.8     2.2    -      -       +      +
    124B  ILE*     3.7    20.0    -      -       +      -
    138B  LEU      3.0    21.0    +      -       -      +
    139B  ILE      3.8     4.0    -      -       -      +
    140B  ALA      3.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
    141B  HIS*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
    143B  GLY*     1.3    62.7    +      -       -      +
    145B  LEU*     3.9     4.4    -      -       -      +
    146B  GLU*     2.9    38.0    +      -       -      +
    133D  VAL*     3.9    11.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 143 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    139B  ILE      3.4     9.3    +      -       -      -
    140B  ALA      4.4     1.3    -      -       -      -
    141B  HIS      3.3     0.4    -      -       -      -
    142B  ALA*     1.3    79.5    -      -       -      +
    144B  GLU*     1.3    59.9    +      -       -      +
    146B  GLU*     4.0     6.8    -      -       -      +
    147B  LYS*     3.4    31.1    +      -       -      +
     71D  ARG*     5.1     3.8    +      -       -      -
    133D  VAL*     3.4    23.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 144 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     57B  GLN*     4.7     2.3    -      -       -      +
     60B  LEU*     3.3    22.5    -      -       +      +
     64B  TYR*     3.0    29.2    -      -       +      +
    140B  ALA      3.6    10.9    +      -       -      +
    141B  HIS      2.9     7.3    +      -       -      +
    143B  GLY*     1.3    74.1    -      -       -      +
    145B  LEU*     1.3    66.6    +      -       -      +
    146B  GLU      3.1     1.1    -      -       -      -
    147B  LYS*     3.0    33.7    +      -       -      +
    148B  PHE*     3.2    10.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 145 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     28B  TYR*     4.4    17.3    -      -       +      +
     31B  LEU*     4.8     4.3    -      -       +      -
     57B  GLN*     4.1    12.3    -      -       -      +
     60B  LEU*     5.5     0.2    -      -       +      -
     61B  VAL*     4.2    13.2    -      -       +      -
     64B  TYR*     4.0    18.8    -      -       +      -
    113B  TYR*     3.7    32.9    -      -       +      -
    116B  VAL*     4.6    10.3    -      -       +      -
    117B  ILE*     4.4     9.4    -      -       +      -
    120B  THR*     4.5    13.0    -      -       +      +
    141B  HIS*     2.9    40.4    +      -       +      +
    142B  ALA*     3.9     6.5    -      -       -      +
    144B  GLU*     1.3    70.9    -      -       -      +
    146B  GLU*     1.3    62.9    +      -       -      +
    148B  PHE*     3.0    14.2    +      -       -      +
    149B  GLN*     3.1    10.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 146 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    117B  ILE*     3.1    44.3    -      -       +      +
    121B  ARG*     4.1    19.8    +      -       -      +
    142B  ALA*     2.9    28.2    +      -       -      +
    143B  GLY*     4.0     5.6    -      -       -      +
    144B  GLU      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    145B  LEU*     1.3    77.3    -      -       -      +
    147B  LYS*     1.3    60.5    +      -       -      +
    149B  GLN*     3.4     5.0    +      -       -      +
    150B  TRP      3.1    15.4    +      -       -      -
     71D  ARG*     3.0    33.1    +      -       -      +
     74D  THR*     3.3    18.4    -      -       +      +
     75D  LEU*     4.7     6.1    -      -       -      +
    133D  VAL*     4.7     0.6    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 147 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    143B  GLY      3.4    18.1    +      -       -      +
    144B  GLU*     3.0    25.1    +      -       -      +
    146B  GLU*     1.3    74.1    -      -       -      +
    148B  PHE*     1.3    54.3    +      -       -      +
    150B  TRP*     2.9    11.9    +      -       +      +
    151B  PHE*     2.6    35.1    +      -       -      +
     67D  GLU*     5.5    12.6    -      -       -      +
     70D  GLU*     4.2    29.2    +      -       -      +
     71D  ARG*     6.0     4.7    -      -       -      +
     74D  THR*     4.0    19.5    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 148 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     35B  LEU*     4.8     2.5    -      -       +      -
     53B  MET*     3.4    52.9    -      -       +      -
     54B  ILE*     4.6    10.1    -      -       +      -
     57B  GLN*     3.2    51.6    -      -       +      +
    109B  LEU*     4.3     8.5    -      -       +      -
    113B  TYR*     3.4    26.9    -      +       -      -
    144B  GLU*     3.2     5.3    +      -       -      +
    145B  LEU      3.0     7.5    +      -       -      +
    147B  LYS*     1.3    78.7    -      -       -      +
    149B  GLN*     1.3    52.2    +      -       -      +
    151B  PHE*     3.0    17.2    -      +       -      +
    152B  VAL*     2.6    49.2    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 149 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    110B  ASP*     3.0    31.0    +      -       -      +
    113B  TYR*     3.9    14.6    -      -       +      -
    114B  ASN*     3.1    34.2    -      -       -      +
    117B  ILE*     3.1    30.7    -      -       +      +
    145B  LEU      3.1     6.4    +      -       -      +
    146B  GLU      3.7     7.5    -      -       -      +
    147B  LYS      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    148B  PHE*     1.3    73.5    -      -       -      +
    150B  TRP*     1.3    59.9    +      -       -      +
    152B  VAL*     3.3     6.9    +      -       -      +
    153B  ARG*     2.8    62.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 150 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    146B  GLU      3.1     5.7    +      -       -      -
    147B  LYS*     2.9    13.7    +      -       +      +
    149B  GLN*     1.3    74.6    -      -       -      +
    151B  PHE*     1.3    90.7    +      +       +      +
    153B  ARG*     3.0    33.3    +      -       +      +
     73D  ALA*     3.4    34.2    +      -       +      +
     74D  THR*     3.8    32.5    -      -       +      +
     40I  TRP      5.3     7.6    -      -       -      -
     41I  ASN      6.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
     42I  VAL      4.9     1.6    -      -       -      -
     43I  VAL*     3.5    25.3    -      -       +      +
     47I  PHE*     3.7    37.2    -      +       -      -
     51I  HIS*     4.8     6.7    -      +       -      -
     99I  ARG*     3.7    23.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 151 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     49B  GLY      5.9     0.4    -      -       -      -
     53B  MET*     3.6    45.5    -      -       +      -
    147B  LYS      2.6    15.9    +      -       -      +
    148B  PHE*     3.0    24.5    -      +       -      +
    150B  TRP*     1.3    85.4    -      +       +      +
    152B  VAL*     1.3    64.0    +      -       -      +
    153B  ARG      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    154B  ALA*     2.9    21.5    +      -       +      +
     47I  PHE*     3.6    33.7    -      +       -      -
     48I  ILE*     4.3    14.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 152 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     53B  MET*     3.7    14.7    -      -       +      +
    106B  LEU*     3.5    28.7    -      -       +      +
    109B  LEU*     4.5    14.1    -      -       +      -
    110B  ASP*     3.5    36.3    -      -       +      +
    113B  TYR*     5.5     2.2    -      -       +      -
    148B  PHE*     2.6    46.2    +      -       +      +
    149B  GLN*     3.4    11.4    -      -       -      +
    151B  PHE*     1.3    70.6    -      -       -      +
    153B  ARG*     1.3    52.2    +      -       -      +
    154B  ALA*     2.5    17.0    +      -       -      +
    155B  HIS      3.5    12.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 153 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    110B  ASP*     3.2    22.5    +      -       -      +
    114B  ASN*     3.7    17.4    +      -       -      +
    149B  GLN*     2.8    53.3    +      -       -      +
    150B  TRP*     3.3    22.8    +      -       +      +
    151B  PHE      2.9     4.8    +      -       -      -
    152B  VAL*     1.3    70.9    -      -       +      +
    154B  ALA*     1.3    54.5    +      -       -      +
    155B  HIS*     3.1    11.3    +      -       -      +
     74D  THR      5.4     5.5    +      -       -      -
     43I  VAL*     4.9    11.8    -      -       -      +
     99I  ARG*     5.8     3.1    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il