Contacts of the helix formed by residues 267 - 291 (chain A) in PDB entry 2ZNN


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with GLU 267 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    266A  LYS*     1.3    79.0    -      -       +      +
    268A  ALA*     1.3    67.5    +      -       -      +
    269A  GLU*     3.3    21.4    -      -       +      +
    270A  VAL*     2.9    25.5    +      -       +      +
    271A  ARG*     3.1     9.9    +      -       -      +
    348A  ARG*     2.7    48.1    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 268 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    244A  MET*     3.7    38.4    -      -       +      -
    247A  LEU*     3.8    12.2    -      -       +      +
    267A  GLU*     1.3    74.2    -      -       +      +
    269A  GLU*     1.3    65.5    +      -       -      +
    271A  ARG*     3.1    28.4    +      -       -      +
    272A  ILE*     3.0    28.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 269 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    244A  MET*     4.3     8.1    -      -       -      +
    267A  GLU*     3.1    24.8    +      -       +      +
    268A  ALA*     1.3    81.2    -      -       -      +
    270A  VAL*     1.3    57.1    +      -       +      +
    272A  ILE*     3.4    10.7    +      -       -      +
    273A  PHE*     3.1    25.1    +      -       -      +
    346A  SER      5.0     0.2    -      -       -      +
    347A  LEU*     3.7    26.2    -      -       +      +
    348A  ARG*     3.2    46.9    +      -       +      +
    351A  PHE*     3.7    31.5    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 270 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    266A  LYS*     4.1    17.7    -      -       +      -
    267A  GLU*     2.9    27.4    +      -       +      +
    269A  GLU*     1.3    73.2    -      -       +      +
    271A  ARG*     1.3    67.1    +      -       -      +
    273A  PHE*     3.1     9.2    +      -       +      +
    274A  HIS*     2.9    25.2    +      -       +      +
    348A  ARG*     5.5     0.2    -      -       -      +
    351A  PHE*     4.3    19.3    -      -       +      -
    451A  GLU*     4.9     4.5    -      -       +      -
    453A  ASP*     3.5    37.0    -      -       +      +
    454A  ALA*     4.1    13.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 271 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    247A  LEU*     4.3     2.2    -      -       -      +
    248A  CYS*     3.7    21.0    -      -       -      -
    251A  GLU*     2.8    46.4    +      -       -      +
    258A  LEU*     4.0    25.5    -      -       +      +
    259A  VAL*     3.9    14.1    -      -       +      +
    265A  ASN*     4.7     9.6    -      -       -      +
    266A  LYS*     2.7    47.0    +      -       +      +
    267A  GLU*     3.1     5.5    +      -       -      +
    268A  ALA*     3.4    34.8    -      -       -      +
    270A  VAL*     1.3    75.8    -      -       -      +
    272A  ILE*     1.3    63.8    +      -       -      +
    274A  HIS*     3.3     6.8    +      -       -      +
    275A  CYS*     3.1    27.8    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 272 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    247A  LEU*     4.2    24.7    -      -       +      -
    268A  ALA      3.0    16.3    +      -       -      +
    269A  GLU*     3.6     6.3    -      -       -      +
    271A  ARG*     1.3    77.3    -      -       +      +
    273A  PHE*     1.3    63.0    +      -       -      +
    275A  CYS*     3.0     9.2    +      -       -      +
    276A  CYS*     2.9    33.8    +      -       -      -
    339A  ILE*     4.9     5.4    -      -       +      -
    343A  PHE*     4.2    17.3    -      -       +      -
    344A  LEU*     5.0     5.2    -      -       +      -
    347A  LEU*     3.8    33.2    -      -       +      -
    355A  MET*     4.2    17.9    -      -       +      -
    901A  S44      4.7    20.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 273 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    269A  GLU      3.1    14.7    +      -       -      +
    270A  VAL*     3.3    11.7    -      -       +      +
    272A  ILE*     1.3    77.9    -      -       -      +
    274A  HIS*     1.3    61.6    +      -       -      +
    276A  CYS*     3.2    10.6    +      -       +      +
    277A  GLN*     3.1    56.5    +      -       -      +
    351A  PHE*     3.9    21.3    -      +       +      -
    354A  ILE*     4.9     7.9    -      -       +      -
    355A  MET*     6.1     2.7    -      -       +      -
    444A  VAL*     4.6    20.4    -      -       +      -
    447A  ILE*     3.9    30.5    -      -       +      -
    448A  LYS*     5.8     0.4    -      -       -      -
    454A  ALA*     4.1    33.7    -      -       +      -
    455A  ALA      4.3     2.2    -      -       -      -
    456A  LEU*     5.4     3.1    -      -       +      -
    901A  S44      3.5    26.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 274 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    258A  LEU*     3.8    29.3    -      -       +      +
    270A  VAL*     2.9    14.7    +      -       +      +
    271A  ARG*     3.5    11.2    -      -       -      +
    273A  PHE*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
    275A  CYS*     1.3    59.6    +      -       -      +
    277A  GLN*     3.1    21.0    +      -       +      +
    278A  CYS*     2.9    49.8    +      -       -      -
    455A  ALA      5.3     3.4    +      -       -      -
    457A  HIS*     6.0     9.4    -      +       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS 275 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    255A  VAL*     4.6     8.3    -      -       -      -
    258A  LEU*     3.4    24.0    -      -       -      -
    271A  ARG      3.1    15.4    +      -       -      -
    272A  ILE      3.0     8.8    +      -       -      +
    274A  HIS*     1.3    80.2    -      -       -      +
    276A  CYS*     1.3    62.1    +      -       -      +
    278A  CYS*     3.2    12.0    +      -       -      +
    279A  THR*     3.2    26.2    +      -       -      +
    901A  S44      3.8    52.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS 276 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    272A  ILE*     2.9    30.2    +      -       -      -
    273A  PHE*     3.4    10.3    -      -       -      +
    274A  HIS      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    275A  CYS*     1.3    75.8    -      -       -      +
    277A  GLN*     1.3    62.1    +      -       -      +
    279A  THR*     2.7    24.3    +      -       -      -
    280A  SER*     3.2    13.5    +      -       -      -
    354A  ILE*     5.7     0.7    -      -       -      -
    355A  MET*     4.6    10.1    -      -       -      -
    901A  S44      3.6    69.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 277 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    273A  PHE*     3.1    42.7    +      -       -      +
    274A  HIS*     3.3    20.1    +      -       +      +
    276A  CYS*     1.3    77.8    -      -       -      +
    278A  CYS*     1.3    63.0    +      -       -      +
    280A  SER*     3.0     4.2    +      -       -      -
    281A  VAL*     3.0    27.0    +      -       -      +
    455A  ALA      3.0    22.8    +      -       -      -
    456A  LEU*     3.2    12.2    -      -       -      +
    457A  HIS*     2.7    37.3    +      -       +      +
    460A  LEU*     3.7    17.5    -      -       +      +
    901A  S44      3.6    17.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS 278 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    274A  HIS*     2.9    46.1    +      -       -      -
    275A  CYS*     3.2    12.3    +      -       -      +
    277A  GLN*     1.3    77.7    -      -       -      +
    279A  THR*     1.3    62.4    +      -       +      +
    281A  VAL*     3.4     7.6    +      -       -      +
    282A  GLU*     3.2    27.8    +      -       +      +
    457A  HIS*     6.3     4.0    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 279 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    275A  CYS      3.2     4.5    +      -       -      +
    276A  CYS      2.7    20.1    +      -       -      -
    278A  CYS*     1.3    78.3    -      -       +      +
    280A  SER*     1.3    57.6    +      -       -      +
    282A  GLU*     3.3     8.7    +      -       -      +
    283A  THR*     2.9    34.0    +      -       -      -
    333A  ALA*     5.7     3.4    -      -       -      +
    334A  TYR*     5.6    11.2    -      -       +      +
    901A  S44      3.2    56.6    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 280 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    276A  CYS      3.2    10.5    +      -       -      -
    277A  GLN      3.0     7.7    +      -       -      -
    279A  THR*     1.3    74.3    +      -       -      +
    281A  VAL*     1.3    66.3    +      -       -      +
    283A  THR*     3.1     3.8    +      -       -      -
    284A  VAL*     2.9    28.3    +      -       -      +
    314A  TYR*     3.9    11.5    -      -       -      -
    317A  ILE*     4.1    20.3    -      -       -      +
    460A  LEU*     4.2     4.9    -      -       -      -
    901A  S44      2.5    41.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 281 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    277A  GLN      3.0    18.4    +      -       -      +
    278A  CYS*     3.7     9.9    -      -       -      +
    280A  SER*     1.3    75.3    -      -       -      +
    282A  GLU*     1.3    65.5    +      -       +      +
    284A  VAL*     3.2    22.3    +      -       -      +
    285A  THR*     3.3    11.4    +      -       -      +
    457A  HIS*     4.0    34.8    -      -       +      +
    459A  LEU*     3.9    16.9    -      -       +      +
    460A  LEU*     3.8    23.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 282 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    219A  ASN*     6.2     0.9    -      -       -      +
    278A  CYS*     3.2    17.2    +      -       +      +
    279A  THR*     3.5    10.3    -      -       -      +
    280A  SER      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
    281A  VAL*     1.3    81.7    -      -       +      +
    283A  THR*     1.3    62.4    +      -       -      +
    285A  THR*     3.1    14.0    +      -       -      +
    286A  GLU*     3.1    29.2    +      -       +      +
    334A  TYR*     3.6    26.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 283 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    218A  PHE*     4.9     0.9    -      -       +      -
    279A  THR*     2.9    19.9    +      -       -      -
    280A  SER*     3.1     5.7    +      -       -      -
    282A  GLU*     1.3    72.9    -      -       -      +
    284A  VAL*     1.3    60.0    +      -       -      +
    286A  GLU*     3.7    17.1    +      -       -      +
    287A  LEU*     2.8    42.7    +      -       +      +
    317A  ILE*     3.4    33.0    -      -       +      +
    320A  MET*     4.0    13.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 284 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    280A  SER      2.9    20.8    +      -       -      +
    281A  VAL*     3.3    11.9    -      -       -      +
    283A  THR*     1.3    78.3    -      -       -      +
    285A  THR*     1.3    55.3    +      -       -      +
    287A  LEU*     3.7     5.4    -      -       -      +
    288A  THR*     2.7    45.4    +      -       -      +
    309A  LEU*     6.4     0.7    -      -       +      -
    313A  VAL*     4.2    22.3    -      -       +      +
    314A  TYR*     6.1     0.7    -      -       +      -
    317A  ILE*     5.1     3.6    -      -       +      -
    459A  LEU*     4.2    19.5    -      -       +      -
    460A  LEU*     4.9     3.4    -      -       +      -
    463A  ILE*     3.8    28.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 285 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    281A  VAL*     3.3     9.8    +      -       -      +
    282A  GLU*     3.1    16.7    +      -       -      +
    284A  VAL*     1.3    81.3    -      -       -      +
    286A  GLU*     1.3    66.3    +      -       +      +
    288A  THR*     3.3     9.0    +      -       -      -
    289A  GLU*     3.2    30.5    +      -       +      +
    459A  LEU*     6.1     0.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 286 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    217A  ASN*     3.4    25.6    -      -       -      +
    218A  PHE*     3.4    25.8    -      -       +      +
    219A  ASN*     3.0    45.9    +      -       -      +
    282A  GLU*     3.1    19.1    +      -       +      +
    283A  THR*     3.3    15.5    +      -       -      +
    285A  THR*     1.3    79.0    -      -       +      +
    287A  LEU*     1.3    58.1    +      -       -      +
    289A  GLU*     3.4     5.6    +      -       -      +
    290A  PHE*     3.0    27.9    +      -       -      +
    334A  TYR*     5.5     0.3    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 287 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    218A  PHE*     3.4    28.9    -      -       +      -
    283A  THR*     2.8    39.3    +      -       +      +
    284A  VAL*     3.7     4.0    -      -       -      +
    286A  GLU*     1.3    70.3    -      -       -      +
    288A  THR*     1.3    61.5    +      -       -      +
    290A  PHE*     3.3     3.9    +      -       +      +
    291A  ALA*     2.9    30.3    +      -       -      +
    309A  LEU*     4.2     7.4    -      -       +      +
    313A  VAL*     3.7    43.7    -      -       +      +
    316A  ALA*     3.7    10.1    -      -       +      -
    317A  ILE*     4.2     0.9    -      -       +      -
    320A  MET*     3.8     4.7    -      -       +      -
    379A  VAL*     3.8    23.3    -      -       +      -
    383A  ILE*     4.5     9.0    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 288 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    284A  VAL*     2.7    33.0    +      -       -      +
    285A  THR*     3.3     8.4    +      -       -      -
    287A  LEU*     1.3    78.9    -      -       -      +
    289A  GLU*     1.3    69.2    +      -       -      +
    291A  ALA*     3.4    13.5    +      -       -      +
    292A  LYS*     4.0    12.6    +      -       -      +
    297A  PHE*     5.1     2.0    -      -       +      -
    309A  LEU*     3.9    30.4    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 289 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    217A  ASN*     3.1    25.6    +      -       -      +
    285A  THR*     3.2    20.6    +      -       +      +
    286A  GLU*     3.8     6.3    -      -       -      +
    288A  THR*     1.3    77.8    -      -       -      +
    290A  PHE*     1.3    67.3    -      -       -      +
    292A  LYS*     3.0    55.9    +      -       -      +
    293A  ALA      4.5     0.5    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 290 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    210A  ILE*     3.7    32.1    -      -       +      -
    213A  ALA*     4.0     7.6    -      -       +      -
    214A  TYR*     3.8    24.0    -      +       +      -
    217A  ASN*     3.8    13.1    -      -       +      +
    218A  PHE*     3.7    26.7    -      +       +      -
    286A  GLU      3.0    18.2    +      -       -      +
    287A  LEU*     3.3     4.0    +      -       +      +
    289A  GLU*     1.3    77.5    -      -       -      +
    291A  ALA*     1.3    64.1    +      -       -      +
    292A  LYS      3.0     1.7    +      -       -      -
    293A  ALA*     3.1    17.9    +      -       +      +
    294A  ILE*     4.4     5.9    +      -       +      +
    376A  SER      3.5    21.8    -      -       -      -
    379A  VAL*     3.7    21.3    -      -       +      -
    380A  ALA*     4.0    15.9    -      -       +      -
    383A  ILE*     4.0    14.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 291 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    287A  LEU      2.9    17.0    +      -       -      +
    288A  THR      3.5     8.7    -      -       -      +
    289A  GLU      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
    290A  PHE*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
    292A  LYS*     1.3    59.6    +      -       -      +
    293A  ALA      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
    294A  ILE*     3.3    19.6    +      -       -      +
    297A  PHE*     3.2    53.2    -      -       +      +
    309A  LEU*     4.2    10.3    -      -       +      -
    383A  ILE*     4.2     8.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il