Contacts of the helix formed by residues 1 - 28 (chain E) in PDB entry 2ZT9


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with MET 1 (chain E).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      2E  LEU*     1.3    62.0    +      -       -      +
      3E  ALA*     3.2     8.2    -      -       -      +
      4E  ILE*     3.8    30.5    -      -       +      +
      5E  VAL*     2.9    42.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 2 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      1E  MET*     1.3    75.8    -      -       -      +
      3E  ALA*     1.3    57.0    +      -       -      +
      5E  VAL*     3.8     7.1    -      -       +      -
      6E  ALA*     2.8    48.2    +      -       +      +
      2H  ALA*     4.2    32.1    -      -       +      +
      5H  THR*     4.4    16.8    -      -       +      +
      6H  LEU*     5.3     8.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 3 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      1E  MET      3.9     8.3    -      -       -      +
      2E  LEU*     1.3    79.4    -      -       -      +
      4E  ILE*     1.3    58.4    +      -       -      +
      6E  ALA*     3.7     1.6    -      -       -      +
      7E  TYR*     2.9    31.9    +      -       -      +
      5H  THR*     4.0    22.4    -      -       +      +
      9H  VAL*     3.9     8.4    -      -       +      +
     30H  OPC      3.9    39.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 4 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      1E  MET*     3.4    24.1    +      -       -      +
      3E  ALA*     1.3    78.1    -      -       -      +
      5E  VAL*     1.3    65.0    +      -       +      +
      7E  TYR*     3.4     4.6    +      -       -      +
      8E  ILE*     2.8    47.1    +      -       +      +
     30H  OPC      4.1    33.6    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 5 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      1E  MET*     2.9    32.3    +      -       -      +
      2E  LEU*     3.9     8.3    -      -       +      +
      4E  ILE*     1.3    76.4    -      -       +      +
      6E  ALA*     1.3    54.5    +      -       -      +
      8E  ILE*     3.3     6.1    +      -       -      +
      9E  GLY*     2.8    33.5    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 6 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      2E  LEU*     2.8    28.8    +      -       +      +
      3E  ALA      3.7     2.7    -      -       -      +
      5E  VAL*     1.3    73.8    -      -       -      +
      7E  TYR*     1.3    53.8    +      -       -      +
      9E  GLY*     4.9     1.1    -      -       -      -
     10E  PHE*     2.8    38.2    +      -       +      +
      6H  LEU*     3.7    30.1    -      -       +      -
      9H  VAL*     4.0    13.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 7 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      3E  ALA      2.9    17.1    +      -       -      +
      4E  ILE      3.6     3.4    -      -       -      +
      6E  ALA*     1.3    74.0    -      -       -      +
      8E  ILE*     1.3    70.5    +      -       +      +
     10E  PHE*     3.7     1.7    -      -       -      +
     11E  LEU*     3.1    46.9    +      -       +      +
     15F  LEU*     3.0    26.3    -      -       +      +
     18F  VAL*     3.5    18.7    -      -       +      +
      9H  VAL*     3.8    13.7    -      -       +      +
     12H  LEU*     3.7    28.5    -      -       +      -
     13H  VAL*     3.8    14.6    -      -       +      -
     16H  THR*     2.8    19.4    +      -       -      -
     30H  OPC      3.7    53.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 8 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      4E  ILE*     2.8    39.7    +      -       +      +
      5E  VAL*     3.7     4.9    -      -       -      +
      7E  TYR*     1.3    78.4    -      -       +      +
      9E  GLY*     1.3    52.9    +      -       -      +
     11E  LEU*     3.7     3.9    -      -       -      +
     12E  ALA*     2.8    40.0    +      -       +      +
     30H  OPC      3.6    49.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 9 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      5E  VAL*     2.8    21.0    +      -       -      -
      6E  ALA*     3.7     1.8    -      -       -      -
      8E  ILE*     1.3    71.7    -      -       -      +
     10E  PHE*     1.3    53.7    +      -       -      +
     12E  ALA*     3.6     5.9    -      -       -      +
     13E  LEU*     2.8    36.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 10 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    259C  ILE*     4.3    22.2    -      -       +      -
    262C  VAL*     5.0     1.1    -      -       +      -
    263C  ALA*     4.8     7.4    -      -       +      -
    266C  MET*     3.6    18.2    -      -       +      -
      6E  ALA*     2.8    20.4    +      -       +      +
      7E  TYR      3.2     3.6    +      -       -      +
      9E  GLY*     1.3    72.9    -      -       -      +
     11E  LEU*     1.3    60.1    +      -       -      +
     13E  LEU*     3.5    11.8    +      -       +      +
     14E  PHE*     3.1    58.4    +      +       -      +
      6H  LEU*     5.5     4.7    -      -       +      -
      9H  VAL*     4.3    11.7    -      -       +      -
     10H  SER*     4.2    21.8    -      -       -      -
     13H  VAL*     3.7    25.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 11 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      7E  TYR*     3.1    59.2    +      -       +      +
      8E  ILE*     3.9     3.1    -      -       -      +
     10E  PHE*     1.3    74.5    -      -       -      +
     12E  ALA*     1.3    53.2    +      -       -      +
     14E  PHE*     3.6     2.5    -      -       +      +
     15E  THR*     2.7    42.5    +      -       -      -
     18F  VAL*     4.5     2.7    -      -       +      -
     22F  LEU*     4.0    18.8    -      -       +      -
     13H  VAL*     3.8    30.1    -      -       +      +
     16H  THR*     3.9    21.1    -      -       +      -
     17H  TRP*     4.0    22.7    -      -       +      -
     30H  OPC      5.0     6.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 12 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      8E  ILE*     2.8    26.9    +      -       +      +
      9E  GLY*     3.6     8.1    -      -       -      +
     11E  LEU*     1.3    72.2    -      -       -      +
     13E  LEU*     1.3    53.4    +      -       -      +
     15E  THR*     3.6     6.3    -      -       -      -
     16E  GLY*     2.7    34.3    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 13 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      9E  GLY      2.8    20.8    +      -       -      +
     10E  PHE*     3.7    11.0    -      -       +      +
     11E  LEU      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     12E  ALA*     1.3    72.5    -      -       -      +
     14E  PHE*     1.3    74.1    +      -       +      +
     16E  GLY*     3.3     4.4    +      -       -      -
     17E  ILE*     2.9    50.2    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 14 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    263C  ALA*     3.8    24.0    -      -       +      -
    266C  MET*     3.7    33.0    -      -       +      -
    267C  LEU*     3.8    22.2    -      -       +      -
    270C  VAL*     4.7     4.3    -      -       +      -
     10E  PHE*     3.1    54.2    +      +       -      +
     11E  LEU*     4.0     1.8    -      -       +      +
     13E  LEU*     1.3    86.9    -      -       +      +
     15E  THR*     1.3    62.3    +      -       -      +
     16E  GLY      3.2     0.9    -      -       -      -
     17E  ILE*     3.3    20.9    +      -       +      +
     18E  ALA*     2.8    23.9    +      -       -      +
     17H  TRP*     3.3    35.7    -      +       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 15 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     11E  LEU      2.7    29.5    +      -       -      -
     12E  ALA*     3.6     6.0    -      -       -      -
     14E  PHE*     1.3    67.9    -      -       -      +
     16E  GLY*     1.3    67.1    +      -       -      +
     18E  ALA*     3.5     1.7    -      -       -      +
     19E  ALA*     2.9    27.8    +      -       +      +
     22F  LEU*     3.1    25.9    -      -       +      +
     25F  LEU*     5.1    10.8    -      -       +      -
     26F  LEU*     3.7    26.0    -      -       +      -
     29F  ILE*     6.0     2.5    -      -       +      -
     17H  TRP*     3.7     9.3    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 16 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     12E  ALA      2.7    18.9    +      -       -      -
     13E  LEU*     3.4     6.7    -      -       -      -
     15E  THR*     1.3    72.9    -      -       -      +
     17E  ILE*     1.3    52.0    +      -       -      +
     19E  ALA*     3.7     3.1    -      -       -      +
     20E  GLY*     2.7    34.1    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 17 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    267C  LEU*     4.9    13.0    -      -       +      -
    270C  VAL*     5.7     4.0    -      -       +      -
     13E  LEU*     2.9    47.7    +      -       +      +
     14E  PHE*     3.3    29.1    +      -       +      +
     16E  GLY*     1.3    73.4    -      -       -      +
     18E  ALA*     1.3    55.9    -      -       -      +
     20E  GLY*     4.9     1.1    -      -       -      -
     21E  LEU*     2.8    55.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 18 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    270C  VAL*     3.9    15.8    -      -       +      +
    274C  LEU*     4.6     1.6    -      -       -      +
     14E  PHE      2.8    18.4    +      -       -      +
     15E  THR      3.5     5.2    -      -       -      +
     17E  ILE*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
     19E  ALA*     1.3    58.4    +      -       -      +
     21E  LEU*     3.7     1.7    -      -       -      +
     22E  LEU*     2.9    28.3    +      -       -      +
     26F  LEU*     4.0    19.5    -      -       +      -
     17H  TRP*     4.0    14.1    -      -       +      -
     24H  TRP*     4.0    20.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 19 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     15E  THR*     2.9    21.3    +      -       +      +
     16E  GLY*     3.7     3.1    -      -       -      +
     18E  ALA*     1.3    69.3    -      -       -      +
     20E  GLY*     1.3    68.6    +      -       -      +
     22E  LEU*     2.8    20.0    +      -       -      +
     23E  PHE*     3.1    24.7    +      -       +      -
     26F  LEU*     4.5     4.6    -      -       +      +
     29F  ILE*     3.6    31.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 20 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     16E  GLY      2.7    20.8    +      -       -      -
     17E  ILE*     4.0     1.8    -      -       -      -
     19E  ALA*     1.3    72.2    -      -       -      +
     21E  LEU*     1.3    56.0    +      -       -      +
     23E  PHE*     4.5     3.3    -      -       -      +
     24E  GLY*     2.8    28.9    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 21 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    267C  LEU*     4.7    14.6    -      -       +      -
    270C  VAL*     5.1     3.8    -      -       +      -
    271C  MET*     4.8    13.2    -      -       +      -
    274C  LEU*     3.8    19.3    -      -       +      -
     17E  ILE*     2.8    40.4    +      -       +      +
     18E  ALA*     3.7     3.6    -      -       -      +
     20E  GLY*     1.3    75.6    -      -       -      +
     22E  LEU*     1.3    66.9    +      -       -      +
     24E  GLY*     5.8     2.0    -      -       -      -
     25E  LEU*     3.0    48.5    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 22 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    274C  LEU*     4.2    17.4    -      -       +      +
    277C  LYS*     5.5     1.6    -      -       +      -
    281C  LYS*     5.3     1.3    -      -       -      +
     18E  ALA      2.9    12.6    +      -       -      +
     19E  ALA*     2.8    18.3    +      -       -      +
     21E  LEU*     1.3    73.2    -      -       -      +
     23E  PHE*     1.3    67.1    +      -       +      +
     25E  LEU*     3.7     1.7    -      -       -      +
     26E  ARG*     2.9    59.1    +      -       -      +
     31E  LEU*     3.7    24.3    -      -       +      +
     26F  LEU*     5.3     1.1    -      -       +      +
     29F  ILE*     4.2    12.3    -      -       +      +
     30F  GLN*     3.8    39.9    -      -       +      +
     24H  TRP*     4.4    10.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 23 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     19E  ALA*     3.1    24.9    +      -       +      +
     20E  GLY*     4.5     2.9    -      -       -      +
     22E  LEU*     1.3    83.4    -      -       +      +
     24E  GLY*     1.3    53.1    +      -       -      +
     26E  ARG*     3.1    37.3    +      -       -      +
     27E  SER*     2.7    37.5    +      -       -      -
     29F  ILE*     3.5    46.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 24 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     20E  GLY      2.8    20.6    +      -       -      -
     21E  LEU*     4.1     2.5    -      -       -      -
     23E  PHE*     1.3    78.0    -      -       -      +
     25E  LEU*     1.3    60.6    +      -       -      +
     27E  SER*     3.4     8.2    -      -       -      -
     28E  ALA*     3.3    20.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 25 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    271C  MET*     4.8     7.6    -      -       +      -
    274C  LEU*     4.0    11.7    -      -       +      -
     18D  PHE*     5.4     5.4    -      -       +      -
     19D  MET*     3.7    28.0    -      -       +      -
     22D  LEU*     6.1     3.8    -      -       +      -
     21E  LEU*     3.0    43.2    +      -       +      +
     22E  LEU      3.8     2.0    -      -       -      +
     24E  GLY*     1.3    74.3    -      -       -      +
     26E  ARG*     1.3    59.7    +      -       -      +
     28E  ALA*     3.6     3.7    +      -       +      +
     29E  LYS      3.3     2.9    +      -       -      -
     30E  ILE*     2.8    65.9    +      -       +      +
     31E  LEU*     3.3    14.3    +      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 26 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    281C  LYS*     4.1    13.5    -      -       -      +
     22E  LEU*     2.9    34.9    +      -       +      +
     23E  PHE*     3.3    42.8    -      -       +      +
     25E  LEU*     1.3    75.1    -      -       -      +
     27E  SER*     1.3    57.2    +      -       -      +
     29E  LYS*     2.7    30.7    +      -       -      +
     31E  LEU*     4.0    28.7    -      -       +      +
     29F  ILE      4.6     0.4    +      -       -      -
     30F  GLN*     2.8    44.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 27 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     23E  PHE      2.7    20.2    +      -       -      -
     24E  GLY*     3.4     9.9    -      -       -      -
     25E  LEU      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     26E  ARG*     1.3    73.9    -      -       -      +
     28E  ALA*     1.3    56.8    +      -       -      +
     29E  LYS*     3.1    10.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 28 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     15D  ARG*     2.4    34.8    +      -       -      -
     24E  GLY      3.3    11.5    +      -       -      +
     25E  LEU*     4.2     5.2    -      -       +      +
     26E  ARG      3.3     0.4    -      -       -      -
     27E  SER*     1.3    75.7    -      -       -      +
     29E  LYS*     1.3    53.1    +      -       -      +
     30E  ILE*     3.3    16.8    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il