Contacts of the helix formed by residues 170 - 192 (chain P) in PDB entry 3A68


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with TYR 170 (chain P).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     56P  GLU*     4.2    10.1    -      -       -      -
     94P  HIS*     2.7    54.5    +      +       +      -
     97P  LYS*     3.4    21.5    -      -       +      +
     98P  LEU*     3.2    21.4    +      -       +      +
    147P  LEU*     3.8    32.9    -      -       +      +
    165P  PHE*     3.7    30.7    -      +       -      -
    166P  VAL*     3.0    23.1    +      -       +      +
    168P  THR      3.5     0.4    -      -       -      -
    169P  GLU*     1.3    92.4    -      -       +      +
    171P  LEU*     1.3    59.9    +      -       -      +
    172P  GLY      3.5     1.6    -      -       -      -
    173P  GLU*     3.3     5.8    +      -       -      +
    174P  GLN*     2.9    30.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 171 (chain P). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    160K  VAL*     3.4    33.7    -      -       +      -
    161K  GLN*     3.7    19.4    -      -       +      +
    164K  ASP*     5.5     0.9    -      -       -      +
    144P  ASN*     4.3     9.8    -      -       -      +
    147P  LEU*     3.8    29.4    -      -       +      -
    148P  LEU*     3.9    23.6    -      -       +      -
    151P  HIS*     4.4     5.8    -      -       +      -
    166P  VAL*     3.2    19.9    +      -       +      +
    167P  GLU*     3.4    23.4    +      -       +      +
    170P  TYR*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
    172P  GLY*     1.3    63.2    +      -       -      +
    174P  GLN*     3.3     4.7    +      -       -      +
    175P  VAL*     3.1    26.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 172 (chain P). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    161K  GLN*     3.7    23.3    -      -       -      +
    164K  ASP*     5.3     2.4    +      -       -      -
    167P  GLU      3.8     5.3    +      -       -      -
    170P  TYR      3.5     0.2    -      -       -      -
    171P  LEU*     1.3    77.4    -      -       -      +
    173P  GLU*     1.3    67.1    +      -       -      +
    175P  VAL*     3.3     4.5    +      -       -      +
    176P  GLU*     3.1    29.0    +      -       -      +
    215P   CA      4.6     5.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 173 (chain P). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     94P  HIS*     5.9     8.7    -      -       +      +
    168P  THR      3.5     3.1    -      -       -      +
    169P  GLU*     3.2    31.6    -      -       -      +
    170P  TYR*     3.5     9.5    +      -       -      +
    172P  GLY*     1.3    76.9    +      -       -      +
    174P  GLN*     1.3    56.6    +      -       -      +
    176P  GLU*     3.3    11.2    +      -       -      +
    177P  ALA*     2.9    28.3    +      -       -      +
    215P   CA      2.6    29.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 174 (chain P). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     94P  HIS*     5.8     0.9    -      -       -      -
    140P  GLU*     2.7    56.0    +      -       -      +
    143P  THR*     3.5    18.1    -      -       -      +
    144P  ASN*     3.3    39.3    -      -       +      +
    147P  LEU*     3.6    10.5    -      -       +      +
    170P  TYR*     2.9    17.6    +      -       -      +
    171P  LEU*     3.6     6.1    -      -       -      +
    172P  GLY      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    173P  GLU*     1.3    75.7    -      -       -      +
    175P  VAL*     1.3    60.2    +      -       -      +
    177P  ALA*     3.3     5.4    +      -       -      +
    178P  ILE*     3.0    35.3    +      -       +      +
    214P   CA      4.1     6.6    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 175 (chain P). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    101K  TYR*     5.2     2.7    -      -       +      -
    104K  LYS*     3.9    31.4    -      -       +      +
    105K  ARG*     3.8    28.9    -      -       -      +
    161K  GLN*     3.6    29.4    -      -       +      +
    144P  ASN*     5.2    11.4    -      -       -      +
    171P  LEU      3.1    13.2    +      -       -      +
    172P  GLY      3.6     8.7    -      -       -      +
    174P  GLN*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
    176P  GLU*     1.3    62.1    +      -       +      +
    178P  ILE*     3.4     8.1    +      -       +      +
    179P  LYS*     3.0    22.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 176 (chain P). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    104K  LYS*     2.7    44.5    +      -       +      +
    172P  GLY      3.1    19.4    +      -       -      +
    173P  GLU*     3.5    11.0    -      -       -      +
    174P  GLN      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    175P  VAL*     1.3    78.1    -      -       +      +
    177P  ALA*     1.3    56.1    +      -       -      +
    179P  LYS*     3.4     5.5    +      -       -      +
    180P  ARG*     3.0    29.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 177 (chain P). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    140P  GLU*     4.2    21.8    -      -       +      +
    173P  GLU      2.9    16.5    +      -       -      +
    174P  GLN*     3.7     7.9    -      -       -      +
    175P  VAL      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    176P  GLU*     1.3    75.8    -      -       -      +
    178P  ILE*     1.3    59.3    +      -       -      +
    180P  ARG*     3.3    11.6    +      -       -      +
    181P  ILE*     3.0    37.5    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 178 (chain P). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     37K  ALA*     3.6    34.5    -      -       +      +
     39K  GLN*     3.6    24.0    -      -       +      +
    104K  LYS      5.7     0.7    -      -       -      +
    137P  LEU*     3.9    16.6    -      -       +      +
    140P  GLU*     3.9    35.9    -      -       +      +
    141P  LYS*     4.1     7.0    -      -       +      +
    144P  ASN*     3.9    15.0    -      -       +      +
    174P  GLN*     3.0    22.2    +      -       -      +
    175P  VAL*     3.7     7.9    -      -       +      +
    176P  GLU      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    177P  ALA*     1.3    74.8    -      -       -      +
    179P  LYS*     1.3    59.4    +      -       -      +
    181P  ILE*     5.0     0.2    -      -       -      -
    182P  SER*     2.7    34.0    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 179 (chain P). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     37K  ALA*     4.2     4.5    -      -       +      -
    100K  GLU      5.3     0.4    +      -       -      -
    103K  ASN*     3.7    18.5    -      -       -      +
    104K  LYS*     3.9    36.3    -      -       +      +
    175P  VAL      3.0    15.8    +      -       -      +
    176P  GLU*     3.9     5.4    -      -       -      +
    178P  ILE*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
    180P  ARG*     1.3    63.7    +      -       -      +
    182P  SER*     3.3     4.7    +      -       -      -
    183P  GLU*     3.0    51.8    +      -       -      +
     71W  ASP*     2.9    48.0    +      -       -      -
     73W  ASP*     3.9    17.9    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 180 (chain P). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     83P  PHE*     3.6    31.1    -      -       -      -
     86P  GLU*     5.4     5.3    +      -       -      -
     87P  SER*     5.5     0.6    +      -       -      -
     90P  GLU*     4.8    14.8    +      -       -      -
    176P  GLU      3.0    17.7    +      -       -      +
    177P  ALA*     3.5     9.6    -      -       -      +
    178P  ILE      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    179P  LYS*     1.3    78.7    -      -       -      +
    181P  ILE*     1.3    62.9    +      -       -      +
    183P  GLU*     3.3    15.2    +      -       -      +
    184P  TYR*     2.9    55.1    +      -       +      +
    204P  LEU*     5.3     1.2    -      -       -      +
    207P  GLU*     4.2     6.5    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 181 (chain P). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     63P  TYR*     4.2     8.7    -      -       -      +
     83P  PHE*     4.2    25.6    -      -       +      -
    133P  MET*     3.4    32.8    -      -       -      +
    136P  ALA*     4.2     9.9    -      -       +      +
    137P  LEU*     3.6    18.6    -      -       +      +
    140P  GLU*     3.5    35.2    -      -       +      +
    177P  ALA*     3.0    18.2    +      -       +      +
    178P  ILE      4.2     2.0    -      -       -      +
    180P  ARG*     1.3    76.4    -      -       +      +
    182P  SER*     1.3    66.1    +      -       -      +
    184P  TYR*     3.0     9.1    +      -       +      +
    185P  VAL*     3.0    21.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 182 (chain P). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     36K  LEU*     3.4    19.0    -      -       -      +
     37K  ALA*     3.3    22.4    +      -       -      -
    137P  LEU*     3.4    16.4    -      -       -      +
    178P  ILE      2.7    23.4    +      -       -      -
    179P  LYS      3.6     4.5    -      -       -      -
    181P  ILE*     1.3    78.1    -      -       -      +
    183P  GLU*     1.3    56.9    -      -       -      +
    185P  VAL*     3.3     1.8    +      -       -      -
    186P  ALA*     3.0    24.9    +      -       -      +
     73W  ASP*     3.5    28.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 183 (chain P). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    179P  LYS*     3.0    48.7    +      -       -      +
    180P  ARG*     3.5    15.9    -      -       -      +
    181P  ILE      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    182P  SER*     1.3    77.7    -      -       -      +
    184P  TYR*     1.3    59.1    +      -       +      +
    186P  ALA*     3.4     1.6    +      -       -      +
    187P  GLN*     3.0    46.6    +      -       -      +
     71W  ASP*     4.6     2.8    -      -       -      +
     72W  ARG      5.2     0.5    -      -       -      +
     73W  ASP*     3.7    24.9    -      -       +      +
     76W  ALA*     4.0    12.1    -      -       +      +
     78W  ARG*     4.9    18.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 184 (chain P). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     83P  PHE*     3.7    26.2    -      +       -      -
    133P  MET*     3.4    32.8    -      -       +      -
    180P  ARG*     2.9    47.4    +      -       +      +
    181P  ILE*     3.0    12.6    +      -       -      +
    183P  GLU*     1.3    73.9    -      -       +      +
    185P  VAL*     1.3    60.9    +      -       -      +
    187P  GLN*     3.4    11.4    +      -       -      +
    188P  LEU*     2.9    35.8    +      -       -      +
    200P  PHE*     3.7    25.7    -      +       +      -
    203P  MET*     4.9     0.7    -      -       +      -
    204P  LEU*     3.4    17.3    -      -       +      +
    207P  GLU*     2.7    37.1    +      -       -      -
     78W  ARG*     6.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 185 (chain P). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     28K  VAL*     5.3     0.2    -      -       +      -
     36K  LEU*     3.7    17.9    -      -       +      -
    130P  LEU*     3.9    12.7    -      -       +      +
    133P  MET*     3.8    34.8    -      -       +      +
    134P  GLU*     4.0    11.2    -      -       +      +
    137P  LEU*     4.4    12.1    -      -       +      -
    181P  ILE      3.0    16.9    +      -       -      +
    182P  SER      3.3     7.6    +      -       -      +
    184P  TYR*     1.3    75.7    -      -       -      +
    186P  ALA*     1.3    62.9    +      -       -      +
    188P  LEU*     3.3     3.0    +      -       -      +
    189P  ARG*     3.0    52.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 186 (chain P). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     36K  LEU*     4.0     6.9    -      -       +      +
    182P  SER      3.0     9.6    +      -       -      +
    183P  GLU      3.7     4.0    -      -       -      +
    184P  TYR      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    185P  VAL*     1.3    77.5    -      -       -      +
    187P  GLN*     1.3    57.5    +      -       -      +
    189P  ARG*     3.2     9.6    +      -       -      +
    190P  ARG*     3.0    28.2    +      -       -      +
     73W  ASP      3.4    25.1    -      -       -      +
     74W  ASN*     3.7    21.8    -      -       -      +
     75W  VAL      4.8     1.8    -      -       -      +
     76W  ALA*     3.9     8.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 187 (chain P). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    183P  GLU*     3.0    38.5    +      -       -      +
    184P  TYR*     4.0    14.3    -      -       -      +
    186P  ALA*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
    188P  LEU*     1.3    63.7    +      -       -      +
    190P  ARG*     3.1     8.2    +      -       -      +
    191P  VAL*     3.0    30.4    +      -       -      +
    200P  PHE*     3.8    16.2    -      -       +      -
    203P  MET*     3.7     6.4    -      -       -      +
     76W  ALA*     3.9    22.5    -      -       +      +
     78W  ARG*     2.9    34.6    +      -       -      +
    198W  TRP*     2.9    33.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 188 (chain P). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     80P  LEU*     5.5     0.7    -      -       +      -
    129P  ALA*     3.8    36.1    -      -       +      +
    130P  LEU*     4.0    17.4    -      -       +      +
    133P  MET*     3.6    32.5    -      -       +      -
    184P  TYR      2.9    20.8    +      -       -      +
    185P  VAL*     3.7     4.3    -      -       -      +
    187P  GLN*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
    189P  ARG*     1.3    62.6    +      -       -      +
    191P  VAL*     3.6     4.6    -      -       -      +
    192P  GLY*     3.2    22.3    +      -       -      -
    197P  VAL*     4.1    20.7    -      -       +      +
    200P  PHE*     3.6    37.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 189 (chain P). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     28K  VAL*     3.7    14.5    +      -       -      +
     29K  PRO      3.0    28.7    +      -       -      -
     30K  THR*     4.0    22.8    +      -       -      +
     31K  VAL      5.3     3.4    +      -       -      -
     32K  PRO*     5.7     2.4    -      -       -      +
     36K  LEU*     3.5    15.3    -      -       -      +
    130P  LEU*     3.9    19.2    -      -       +      +
    134P  GLU*     2.8    28.5    +      -       -      -
    185P  VAL*     3.0    30.0    +      -       -      +
    186P  ALA*     3.6    10.5    -      -       -      +
    188P  LEU*     1.3    78.1    -      -       -      +
    190P  ARG*     1.3    62.9    +      -       -      +
    192P  GLY*     3.8     7.4    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 190 (chain P). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    186P  ALA      3.0    13.3    +      -       -      +
    187P  GLN*     3.1    10.8    +      -       -      +
    189P  ARG*     1.3    80.1    -      -       -      +
    191P  VAL*     1.3    60.7    +      -       +      +
    192P  GLY*     3.6     0.3    +      -       -      -
     74W  ASN      5.0     1.2    +      -       -      -
     75W  VAL*     3.0    29.7    +      -       -      +
     76W  ALA      5.2     0.8    +      -       -      -
     77W  LEU*     3.5    26.8    -      -       -      +
    128W  ASP*     3.2    38.4    +      -       -      -
    194W  GLY*     3.3    46.6    -      -       -      +
    197W  VAL*     3.9    10.1    -      -       -      +
    198W  TRP*     4.0    19.5    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 191 (chain P). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    187P  GLN      3.0    19.6    +      -       -      +
    188P  LEU*     3.6    11.7    -      -       +      +
    190P  ARG*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
    192P  GLY*     1.3    65.3    +      -       -      +
    193P  LYS      4.9     0.5    -      -       -      +
    196P  GLY*     3.4    42.1    +      -       -      +
    197P  VAL*     3.8     4.7    -      -       -      +
    200P  PHE*     4.4     5.8    -      -       +      -
    195W  HIS*     3.7    23.0    +      -       +      +
    198W  TRP*     3.5    49.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 192 (chain P). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    188P  LEU      3.2    13.9    +      -       -      -
    189P  ARG      3.8     6.0    +      -       -      -
    190P  ARG      3.4     2.8    -      -       -      -
    191P  VAL*     1.3    84.9    -      -       -      +
    193P  LYS*     1.3    66.5    +      -       -      +
    196P  GLY*     3.6     0.3    -      -       -      -
    197P  VAL*     3.1    24.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il