Contacts of the helix formed by residues 138 - 160 (chain D) in PDB entry 3E2A


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with SER 138 (chain D).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    137D  LEU*     1.3    74.2    -      -       -      +
    139D  PRO*     1.4    66.0    -      -       -      +
    140D  GLU*     3.4    15.1    +      -       -      +
    141D  LYS*     3.5    16.0    +      -       -      +
    142D  ARG*     2.7    34.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PRO 139 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    105D  HIS*     5.4     1.6    -      -       -      -
    108D  MET*     3.3    16.2    -      -       +      +
    138D  SER*     1.4    89.6    -      -       -      +
    140D  GLU*     1.3    59.5    +      -       -      +
    142D  ARG*     3.5    22.9    -      -       +      +
    143D  ALA*     3.3    19.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 140 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    105D  HIS*     5.3     6.8    -      -       +      -
    138D  SER*     3.2     8.4    +      -       -      +
    139D  PRO*     1.3    79.0    -      -       -      +
    141D  LYS*     1.3    80.5    +      -       +      +
    143D  ALA*     3.3    12.3    +      -       -      +
    144D  ASP*     3.0    27.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 141 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    137D  LEU*     4.0    18.0    -      -       +      +
    138D  SER*     3.3    15.6    +      -       -      +
    140D  GLU*     1.3    94.2    +      -       -      +
    142D  ARG*     1.3    64.7    +      -       -      +
    144D  ASP*     3.4    23.1    +      -       +      +
    145D  MET*     3.2    22.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 142 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    108D  MET*     3.6    16.9    -      -       +      +
    127D  TRP*     3.6    39.8    -      -       +      +
    134D  LEU*     3.1    35.1    +      -       +      +
    135D  GLY*     4.1    12.5    +      -       -      -
    137D  LEU*     2.7    40.1    +      -       +      +
    138D  SER      2.7    21.6    +      -       -      +
    139D  PRO*     3.5    36.8    -      -       -      +
    140D  GLU      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    141D  LYS*     1.3    71.8    -      -       -      +
    143D  ALA*     1.3    58.9    +      -       -      +
    145D  MET      3.4     1.0    +      -       -      -
    146D  LEU*     2.9    29.2    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 143 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    104D  ILE*     3.8     5.9    -      -       +      +
    105D  HIS*     3.8    32.8    -      -       +      +
    108D  MET*     3.5    22.2    -      -       +      +
    139D  PRO      3.3    11.8    +      -       -      +
    140D  GLU      3.5    10.1    -      -       -      +
    141D  LYS      3.3     0.4    -      -       -      -
    142D  ARG*     1.3    79.1    -      -       -      +
    144D  ASP*     1.3    54.6    +      -       -      +
    146D  LEU      3.4     0.3    +      -       -      -
    147D  THR*     2.7    40.0    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 144 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    100D  ASN*     5.7     3.1    +      -       -      -
    105D  HIS*     5.3     3.6    +      -       -      -
    140D  GLU*     3.0    21.2    -      -       -      +
    141D  LYS*     3.4    34.5    +      -       +      +
    142D  ARG      3.4     0.4    -      -       -      -
    143D  ALA*     1.3    78.8    -      -       -      +
    145D  MET*     1.3    61.0    +      -       -      +
    147D  THR*     3.5    15.8    -      -       -      -
    148D  LYS*     3.6    18.2    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 145 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    133D  LEU*     4.2    11.0    -      -       +      -
    134D  LEU*     3.6    24.5    -      -       +      -
    137D  LEU*     4.1    10.3    -      -       +      -
    141D  LYS      3.2    14.6    +      -       -      +
    143D  ALA      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    144D  ASP*     1.3    75.8    -      -       -      +
    146D  LEU*     1.3    59.4    +      -       -      +
    147D  THR      3.2     1.8    -      -       -      -
    148D  LYS*     3.2    17.6    +      -       -      -
    149D  ILE*     3.0    34.7    +      -       +      +
    212D  LEU*     3.8    44.0    -      -       +      +
    214D  ILE      6.0     0.2    -      -       -      +
    215D  LEU*     5.2    11.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 146 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    104D  ILE*     4.1     9.9    -      -       +      -
    108D  MET*     3.7    31.2    -      -       +      -
    123D  ILE*     3.8    26.9    -      -       +      +
    126D  ILE*     4.1    25.4    -      -       +      -
    127D  TRP*     4.2    22.2    -      -       +      +
    134D  LEU*     3.9    23.7    -      -       +      +
    142D  ARG*     2.9    20.3    +      -       +      +
    143D  ALA      3.9     3.4    -      -       -      +
    145D  MET*     1.3    73.1    -      -       -      +
    147D  THR*     1.3    60.9    +      -       -      +
    149D  ILE*     4.4     4.5    -      -       +      -
    150D  ASN*     2.9    32.5    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 147 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     97D  GLY*     5.0     2.0    -      -       -      -
     98D  HIS      3.2    39.1    +      -       -      +
     99D  THR*     4.9     3.9    -      -       +      -
    100D  ASN      5.6     0.7    +      -       -      -
    101D  CYS*     4.5     6.1    +      -       +      +
    104D  ILE*     3.7    28.7    -      -       +      +
    105D  HIS*     6.0     0.3    -      -       -      -
    143D  ALA      2.7    23.8    +      -       -      -
    144D  ASP*     3.5    10.1    -      -       -      -
    145D  MET      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    146D  LEU*     1.3    79.1    -      -       -      +
    148D  LYS*     1.3    61.8    +      -       +      +
    150D  ASN*     3.5     4.2    +      -       -      +
    151D  VAL*     3.4    21.8    +      -       -      +
    180D  VAL*     4.9     8.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 148 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    144D  ASP*     3.6    16.8    +      -       +      +
    145D  MET*     3.2    22.9    +      -       +      +
    147D  THR*     1.3    76.9    -      -       +      +
    149D  ILE*     1.3    65.8    +      -       -      +
    150D  ASN      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    151D  VAL*     3.2    13.2    +      -       -      +
    152D  ALA*     3.3    11.3    +      -       -      +
    180D  VAL*     4.2    16.8    -      -       +      -
    189D  VAL*     5.2     5.9    -      -       -      +
    191D  GLN*     2.8    46.9    +      -       -      +
    212D  LEU*     3.8    26.8    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 149 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    126D  ILE*     3.7    12.3    -      -       +      -
    130D  HIS*     3.3    51.6    -      -       +      +
    133D  LEU*     3.6    30.7    -      -       +      -
    134D  LEU*     4.4     7.9    -      -       +      -
    145D  MET*     3.0    26.4    +      -       +      +
    146D  LEU*     4.0     6.7    -      -       +      +
    148D  LYS*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
    150D  ASN*     1.3    59.4    -      -       -      +
    152D  ALA*     3.2     7.8    +      -       -      +
    153D  GLU*     2.9    27.5    +      -       +      +
    209D  ILE*     4.7     5.8    -      -       +      -
    212D  LEU*     3.9    20.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 150 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     67D  ALA      3.0    27.1    +      -       -      -
     68D  ASN*     3.5    16.8    +      -       -      +
    104D  ILE*     4.0    13.9    -      -       +      +
    123D  ILE*     3.0    23.4    -      -       +      +
    126D  ILE*     3.6     7.5    -      -       +      +
    146D  LEU*     2.9    22.0    +      -       +      +
    147D  THR      3.5     7.9    +      -       -      +
    148D  LYS      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    149D  ILE*     1.3    77.9    -      -       -      +
    151D  VAL*     1.3    62.2    +      -       -      +
    153D  GLU*     3.2     6.4    +      -       -      +
    154D  GLN*     2.9    55.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 151 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     68D  ASN*     4.0     8.5    -      -       -      +
     95D  ILE*     3.9    11.4    -      -       +      +
     96D  CYS      4.5     0.2    -      -       -      -
     97D  GLY*     3.4    35.2    -      -       -      +
    147D  THR      3.4    12.3    +      -       -      +
    148D  LYS      3.2     9.2    +      -       -      +
    150D  ASN*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
    152D  ALA*     1.3    63.0    +      -       -      +
    154D  GLN*     3.3     3.7    +      -       -      +
    155D  VAL*     3.0    29.0    +      -       +      +
    178D  GLY*     3.3    40.4    -      -       -      +
    179D  TRP      3.5     7.0    -      -       -      +
    180D  VAL*     3.9     5.8    -      -       +      -
    191D  GLN*     4.2     9.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 152 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    148D  LYS      3.3     8.2    +      -       -      +
    149D  ILE*     3.2    10.2    +      -       -      +
    151D  VAL*     1.3    81.4    -      -       -      +
    153D  GLU*     1.3    56.8    +      -       -      +
    155D  VAL*     3.4     4.0    +      -       -      +
    156D  TYR*     3.1    26.2    +      -       -      +
    191D  GLN*     5.1     6.9    -      -       +      +
    193D  VAL*     3.6    28.9    -      -       +      +
    205D  TYR*     3.9     6.9    -      -       +      -
    208D  ALA*     5.0     3.4    -      -       +      -
    209D  ILE*     4.1    22.4    -      -       +      -
    212D  LEU*     5.7     3.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 153 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    126D  ILE*     3.7    38.3    -      -       +      +
    129D  LYS*     3.0    27.1    +      -       -      +
    130D  HIS*     2.6    24.8    +      -       -      -
    149D  ILE*     2.9    22.4    +      -       +      +
    150D  ASN      3.7     4.3    -      -       -      +
    152D  ALA*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
    154D  GLN*     1.3    58.9    +      -       -      +
    156D  TYR*     3.2     9.6    -      -       -      +
    157D  ASN*     2.8    34.5    +      -       -      +
    205D  TYR*     2.5    30.2    +      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 154 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     68D  ASN      3.5    18.8    -      -       -      +
     69D  GLN*     3.5    18.0    +      -       -      +
     70D  VAL*     2.7    42.4    +      -       -      +
     95D  ILE*     3.2    28.8    -      -       +      +
    126D  ILE*     3.4    20.8    -      -       -      +
    150D  ASN*     2.9    45.1    +      -       -      +
    151D  VAL*     3.8     2.9    -      -       -      +
    153D  GLU*     1.3    73.3    -      -       -      +
    155D  VAL*     1.3    64.3    +      -       -      +
    156D  TYR      3.1     0.7    -      -       -      -
    157D  ASN*     3.2    10.2    +      -       -      +
    158D  LEU*     3.0    20.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 155 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     95D  ILE*     3.9    10.3    -      -       +      -
    151D  VAL      3.0    22.2    +      -       -      +
    152D  ALA      3.7     6.1    -      -       -      +
    154D  GLN*     1.3    74.6    -      -       -      +
    156D  TYR*     1.3    62.5    +      -       -      +
    158D  LEU*     3.3     6.2    +      -       +      +
    159D  GLY      3.1    18.0    +      -       -      -
    176D  LEU*     3.9    27.6    -      -       +      +
    177D  HIS      3.6     5.4    -      -       -      +
    178D  GLY*     3.3    33.0    -      -       -      +
    193D  VAL*     3.7    35.0    -      -       +      +
    194D  MET      5.1     0.4    -      -       -      +
    195D  ALA      5.3     0.4    -      -       -      +
    201D  LEU*     3.8     8.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 156 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    129D  LYS*     4.7     7.6    -      -       -      -
    152D  ALA      3.1    13.6    +      -       -      +
    153D  GLU*     3.2    17.7    -      -       -      +
    154D  GLN      3.1     0.4    -      -       -      -
    155D  VAL*     1.3    74.6    -      -       -      +
    157D  ASN*     1.3    63.6    +      -       -      +
    159D  GLY      3.3     1.7    +      -       -      -
    160D  ARG*     3.0    64.7    +      -       -      +
    193D  VAL*     5.0     0.4    -      -       -      +
    198D  ARG*     3.8     5.9    +      -       -      -
    201D  LEU*     3.8    27.1    -      -       +      +
    202D  GLU*     2.4    32.3    +      -       -      -
    205D  TYR*     3.6    55.9    -      +       +      -
    231D  SO4      4.8     1.9    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 157 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    121C  LEU*     4.9     0.2    -      -       -      +
    125C  ASP*     5.2     0.3    -      -       -      +
     70D  VAL*     3.0    31.1    +      -       +      +
     71D  ILE*     5.0     1.8    -      -       -      +
     72D  HIS*     3.2    33.5    +      -       +      +
    126D  ILE*     5.4     2.6    -      -       -      +
    153D  GLU*     2.8    25.3    +      -       -      +
    154D  GLN*     3.2    23.5    +      -       -      +
    155D  VAL      3.5     0.2    -      -       -      -
    156D  TYR*     1.3    74.5    -      -       -      +
    158D  LEU*     1.3    61.4    +      -       -      +
    160D  ARG*     3.4    18.8    +      -       -      +
    161D  THR*     3.3    23.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 158 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     40D  ILE*     4.6     3.6    -      -       +      -
     70D  VAL*     4.0    16.2    -      -       +      -
     81D  VAL*     3.9    30.1    -      -       +      -
     93D  ILE*     3.5    34.3    -      -       +      +
     95D  ILE*     4.3    20.0    -      -       +      -
    154D  GLN      3.0    16.9    +      -       -      +
    155D  VAL*     3.5     5.6    -      -       +      +
    156D  TYR      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    157D  ASN*     1.3    78.0    -      -       -      +
    159D  GLY*     1.3    56.0    +      -       -      +
    160D  ARG      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    161D  THR*     2.7    30.5    +      -       +      +
    164D  VAL*     3.2    23.3    -      -       +      +
    176D  LEU*     4.1    20.6    -      -       +      -
    177D  HIS      5.9     0.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 159 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    155D  VAL      3.1    10.3    +      -       -      -
    156D  TYR      3.3     0.6    +      -       -      -
    158D  LEU*     1.3    75.8    -      -       -      +
    160D  ARG*     1.3    57.3    +      -       -      +
    161D  THR      3.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
    164D  VAL*     4.0     7.8    -      -       -      +
    165D  LYS*     3.5    12.7    -      -       -      +
    168D  TRP*     3.5    19.0    -      -       -      -
    176D  LEU*     3.4    21.5    -      -       -      +
    198D  ARG*     3.7     2.9    -      -       -      -
    201D  LEU*     3.4    21.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 160 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    117C  ASN*     6.1     0.7    -      -       -      +
    121C  LEU*     3.6    37.7    +      -       +      +
    124C  ARG*     4.4     4.0    -      -       -      +
    125C  ASP*     2.8    30.9    +      -       -      +
    128C  PHE*     6.4     0.2    -      -       -      +
     72D  HIS*     3.6     6.1    -      -       -      -
    129D  LYS*     5.7     2.2    -      -       -      +
    156D  TYR*     3.0    52.1    +      -       -      +
    157D  ASN*     3.4    26.4    +      -       -      +
    158D  LEU      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    159D  GLY*     1.3    78.5    -      -       -      +
    161D  THR*     1.3    65.8    +      -       -      +
    162D  SER      3.6     1.0    +      -       -      -
    165D  LYS*     3.8    18.6    -      -       -      -
    198D  ARG*     4.0    10.1    -      -       -      +
    201D  LEU*     4.2     2.9    -      -       +      -
    231D  SO4      2.9    43.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il