Contacts of the helix formed by residues 52 - 77 (chain A) in PDB entry 3EUP


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASN 52 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     47A  TYR*     3.3    14.5    -      -       -      -
     50A  PHE*     3.4     0.9    -      -       -      +
     51A  GLU*     1.3    97.5    -      -       +      +
     53A  LYS*     1.3    64.9    +      -       -      +
     54A  GLU*     3.1    17.0    +      -       -      +
     55A  ALA*     2.9    41.1    +      -       -      +
     56A  VAL*     3.2    14.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 53 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     22A  PHE*     4.0    15.3    -      -       +      -
     27A  LEU*     2.9    35.2    +      -       +      +
     28A  ALA*     4.5     4.9    +      -       -      +
     30A  THR      2.6    32.1    +      -       -      +
     31A  SER*     4.7     6.0    -      -       -      +
     32A  LEU*     5.4     0.4    -      -       -      +
     35A  LEU*     4.5     8.5    -      -       +      -
     47A  TYR*     3.3    25.6    +      -       -      +
     52A  ASN*     1.3    75.7    -      -       -      +
     54A  GLU*     1.3    56.5    +      -       -      +
     56A  VAL*     3.1     7.7    +      -       -      +
     57A  ALA*     2.9    25.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 54 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     27A  LEU*     4.2    14.8    -      -       +      +
     52A  ASN*     3.1    13.9    +      -       -      +
     53A  LYS*     1.3    77.1    -      -       -      +
     55A  ALA*     1.3    61.4    +      -       -      +
     57A  ALA*     3.2     2.4    +      -       +      +
     58A  ILE*     3.0    44.3    +      -       +      +
    119A  HIS*     3.2    38.0    +      -       +      -
    121A  ALA*     4.3     6.1    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 55 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     50A  PHE*     3.9    11.8    -      -       +      -
     51A  GLU*     4.1    16.4    -      -       +      +
     52A  ASN*     2.9    28.1    +      -       -      +
     54A  GLU*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
     56A  VAL*     1.3    61.2    +      -       -      +
     58A  ILE*     3.5     9.2    +      -       -      +
     59A  ALA*     3.2    23.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 56 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     14A  ILE*     4.4    14.1    -      -       +      -
     15A  ILE*     5.5     2.1    -      -       -      +
     18A  THR*     3.6    16.6    -      -       +      +
     22A  PHE*     3.4    23.1    -      -       +      -
     35A  LEU*     4.9     6.1    -      -       +      -
     46A  ILE*     4.6     6.7    -      -       +      -
     47A  TYR*     4.1    13.0    -      -       +      -
     50A  PHE*     3.6    34.3    -      -       +      -
     52A  ASN      3.4    14.4    -      -       -      +
     53A  LYS*     3.1     8.6    +      -       -      +
     55A  ALA*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
     57A  ALA*     1.3    55.9    +      -       -      +
     59A  ALA*     3.4     2.6    +      -       -      +
     60A  ALA*     2.8    27.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 57 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     22A  PHE*     3.9    22.6    -      -       +      +
     27A  LEU*     3.8    24.2    -      -       +      -
     53A  LYS      2.9    12.9    +      -       -      +
     54A  GLU      3.2     8.3    +      -       -      +
     56A  VAL*     1.3    74.9    -      -       -      +
     58A  ILE*     1.3    58.2    +      -       -      +
     60A  ALA*     3.3     5.0    +      -       -      +
     61A  PHE*     2.9    28.1    +      -       -      +
    122A  LEU*     4.5    16.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 58 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     54A  GLU*     3.0    43.1    +      -       +      +
     55A  ALA*     3.9     8.3    -      -       -      +
     57A  ALA*     1.3    74.1    -      -       -      +
     59A  ALA*     1.3    65.0    +      -       -      +
     61A  PHE*     3.2     4.7    +      -       -      +
     62A  ASP*     3.0    24.7    +      -       -      +
    119A  HIS*     4.9     0.4    -      -       -      +
    121A  ALA*     4.5    14.1    -      -       +      -
    122A  LEU*     4.0    26.0    -      -       +      -
    125A  LYS*     3.6    31.4    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 59 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     11A  ARG*     4.2     9.6    -      -       -      +
     15A  ILE*     3.8    33.3    -      -       +      +
     50A  PHE*     3.8    11.4    -      -       +      -
     55A  ALA      3.2    15.2    +      -       -      +
     56A  VAL      3.7     3.6    -      -       -      +
     58A  ILE*     1.3    75.5    -      -       -      +
     60A  ALA*     1.3    60.7    +      -       -      +
     62A  ASP*     3.2    10.2    +      -       -      +
     63A  TYR*     2.9    29.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 60 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     15A  ILE*     4.3     8.1    -      -       -      +
     18A  THR*     4.9     1.6    -      -       -      +
     19A  ALA*     3.9    23.8    -      -       -      +
     22A  PHE*     3.7    29.6    -      -       +      -
     56A  VAL      2.8    15.5    +      -       -      +
     57A  ALA      3.5     8.3    -      -       -      +
     58A  ILE      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     59A  ALA*     1.3    76.5    -      -       -      +
     61A  PHE*     1.3    57.1    +      -       -      +
     63A  TYR*     3.2     1.9    +      -       -      +
     64A  ASN*     2.9    36.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 61 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     57A  ALA      2.9    13.3    +      -       -      +
     58A  ILE      3.2     7.4    +      -       -      +
     60A  ALA*     1.3    74.6    -      -       -      +
     62A  ASP*     1.3    79.6    +      -       -      +
     64A  ASN*     4.5     4.7    -      -       -      -
     65A  TRP*     2.9    44.8    +      +       +      +
    107A  PRO*     3.7    32.1    -      -       +      -
    108A  LEU*     4.3     5.4    -      -       -      -
    111A  THR*     3.3    29.6    -      -       +      +
    122A  LEU*     4.2    13.9    -      -       +      -
    125A  LYS*     3.9    31.9    -      -       +      -
    126A  ALA*     4.3     7.4    -      -       +      -
    129A  ALA*     4.1    18.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 62 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     58A  ILE*     3.0    17.4    +      -       -      +
     59A  ALA*     3.2    10.5    +      -       -      +
     61A  PHE*     1.3    83.0    -      -       -      +
     63A  TYR*     1.3    56.8    +      -       -      +
     65A  TRP*     5.1     0.7    -      -       -      -
     66A  GLY*     2.8    28.2    +      -       -      +
    125A  LYS*     2.7    42.6    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 63 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     12A  GLN*     3.7    19.3    -      -       -      -
     15A  ILE*     3.4    26.7    -      -       +      -
     16A  GLU*     3.6    36.8    +      -       +      +
     19A  ALA*     3.8    14.8    -      -       +      -
     20A  PRO*     6.0     0.4    -      -       +      -
     59A  ALA      2.9     7.9    +      -       -      +
     60A  ALA      3.7     2.2    -      -       -      +
     61A  PHE      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
     62A  ASP*     1.3    75.5    -      -       -      +
     64A  ASN*     1.3    77.0    +      -       -      +
     66A  GLY*     3.7     1.0    -      -       -      -
     67A  HIS*     2.8    42.2    +      +       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 64 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     19A  ALA*     3.0    41.2    +      -       -      +
     20A  PRO*     4.8     1.8    -      -       -      +
     22A  PHE*     5.4     0.2    -      -       -      +
     23A  ASN*     3.6    12.6    +      -       -      +
     60A  ALA*     2.9    25.4    +      -       -      +
     61A  PHE*     3.8     2.1    -      -       -      +
     63A  TYR*     1.3    82.5    -      -       -      +
     65A  TRP*     1.3    62.3    +      -       -      +
     67A  HIS*     3.3     7.4    +      -       -      +
     68A  VAL*     3.2    23.6    +      -       -      +
    102A  PRO*     3.6    27.2    -      -       +      +
    107A  PRO*     3.7    23.6    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 65 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     61A  PHE*     2.9    35.4    +      +       +      +
     62A  ASP*     4.6     1.3    -      -       -      +
     64A  ASN*     1.3    73.7    -      -       -      +
     66A  GLY*     1.3    66.9    +      -       -      +
     68A  VAL*     3.0    29.4    +      -       +      -
     69A  LYS*     2.9    66.0    +      -       +      +
     72A  LEU*     6.4     1.8    -      -       +      -
    106A  CYS*     4.1    11.7    -      -       -      -
    107A  PRO*     3.6    16.3    -      -       +      +
    108A  LEU*     3.6    37.7    -      -       +      -
    129A  ALA*     3.5    34.7    +      -       +      +
    132A  SER*     6.1     0.8    -      -       -      -
    133A  TRP*     3.8    29.4    -      +       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 66 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     62A  ASP      2.8    22.0    +      -       -      -
     63A  TYR*     3.7     1.8    -      -       -      -
     65A  TRP*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
     67A  HIS*     1.3    55.5    +      -       -      +
     69A  LYS*     3.4    15.5    +      -       -      +
     70A  SER*     2.9    34.9    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 67 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     63A  TYR*     2.8    30.2    +      +       +      +
     64A  ASN*     3.4    11.7    -      -       -      +
     65A  TRP      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
     66A  GLY*     1.3    73.9    -      -       -      +
     68A  VAL*     1.3    65.9    +      -       -      +
     70A  SER*     3.3     7.2    +      -       -      -
     71A  VAL*     3.1    37.6    +      -       +      +
     99A  SER      5.2     2.0    -      -       -      -
    100A  LEU*     3.0    32.4    +      -       -      -
    101A  PHE      4.8     3.4    -      -       -      -
    102A  PRO*     4.4    14.8    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 68 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     64A  ASN      3.2    13.2    +      -       -      +
     65A  TRP*     3.0    33.2    +      -       +      +
     67A  HIS*     1.3    78.2    -      -       -      +
     69A  LYS*     1.3    62.9    +      -       -      +
     71A  VAL*     3.3     6.9    +      -       -      +
     72A  LEU*     3.0    27.0    +      -       +      +
     92A  MET*     4.0    17.3    -      -       -      +
    100A  LEU      5.7     0.7    -      -       -      -
    101A  PHE*     4.0    21.1    -      -       +      -
    102A  PRO*     3.7    23.1    -      -       +      -
    107A  PRO*     4.0    15.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 69 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     65A  TRP*     2.9    57.4    +      -       +      +
     66A  GLY*     3.5    11.1    -      -       -      +
     67A  HIS      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     68A  VAL*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
     70A  SER*     1.3    52.1    +      -       -      +
     72A  LEU*     3.3    10.6    +      -       +      +
     73A  THR*     2.8    40.3    +      -       -      +
    132A  SER*     5.9     7.1    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 70 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     66A  GLY      2.9    17.8    +      -       -      -
     67A  HIS*     3.8     9.0    -      -       -      -
     69A  LYS*     1.3    73.1    -      -       -      +
     71A  VAL*     1.3    60.3    +      -       -      +
     73A  THR*     3.5     7.5    +      -       -      +
     74A  ALA*     3.0    29.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 71 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     67A  HIS*     3.1    26.7    +      -       +      +
     68A  VAL*     3.7     7.6    -      -       -      +
     70A  SER*     1.3    72.5    -      -       -      +
     72A  LEU*     1.3    65.6    +      -       -      +
     74A  ALA*     3.1     6.8    +      -       -      +
     75A  LYS*     2.9    40.6    +      -       +      +
     92A  MET*     3.4    30.3    -      -       +      -
    100A  LEU*     3.8    33.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 72 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     65A  TRP*     6.4     2.0    -      -       +      -
     68A  VAL*     3.0    20.9    +      -       +      +
     69A  LYS*     3.6     9.0    -      -       +      +
     71A  VAL*     1.3    77.5    -      -       -      +
     73A  THR*     1.3    55.8    +      -       -      +
     75A  LYS*     3.4     2.6    +      -       -      +
     76A  VAL*     2.8    61.6    +      -       +      +
     88A  VAL*     4.5     1.6    -      -       +      -
     89A  TYR*     3.4    38.4    -      -       +      +
     92A  MET*     3.6    25.1    -      -       +      -
    133A  TRP*     3.9    17.3    -      -       +      +
    136A  ASN*     6.5     1.3    -      -       +      -
    137A  LEU*     6.2     0.4    -      -       +      -
    140A  ILE*     5.7     3.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 73 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     69A  LYS*     2.8    22.0    +      -       -      +
     70A  SER*     3.7     8.7    -      -       -      -
     72A  LEU*     1.3    79.8    -      -       -      +
     74A  ALA*     1.3    63.7    +      -       -      +
     76A  VAL*     3.8     3.9    -      -       -      +
     77A  GLN*     3.0    61.7    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 74 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     70A  SER      3.0    17.4    +      -       -      +
     71A  VAL*     3.1     6.7    +      -       -      +
     73A  THR*     1.3    78.0    -      -       -      +
     75A  LYS*     1.3    62.4    +      -       +      +
     77A  GLN*     3.5     9.4    +      -       -      +
     78A  ALA*     3.4    20.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 75 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     71A  VAL*     2.9    23.6    +      -       +      +
     72A  LEU*     3.9     3.4    -      -       -      +
     74A  ALA*     1.3    76.1    -      -       +      +
     76A  VAL*     1.3    64.1    +      -       -      +
     78A  ALA*     3.2    15.8    +      -       -      +
     79A  CYS*     3.3    15.1    +      -       -      -
     88A  VAL*     4.0    20.9    -      -       +      +
     91A  SER*     3.3    27.0    +      -       -      +
     92A  MET*     4.1    21.1    -      -       +      +
     95A  ASP*     4.3     8.3    +      -       -      -
    100A  LEU*     3.9    26.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 76 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     72A  LEU*     2.8    46.2    +      -       +      +
     73A  THR*     3.8     5.2    -      -       -      +
     75A  LYS*     1.3    73.0    -      -       -      +
     77A  GLN*     1.3    61.4    +      -       +      +
     79A  CYS*     3.0    32.0    +      -       -      +
     85A  MET*     3.7    51.1    -      -       +      +
     88A  VAL*     4.2     5.6    -      -       +      -
    140A  ILE*     4.4    12.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 77 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     73A  THR*     3.0    46.5    +      -       +      +
     74A  ALA*     4.0     8.1    -      -       -      +
     75A  LYS      3.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
     76A  VAL*     1.3    79.0    -      -       +      +
     78A  ALA*     1.3    57.3    +      -       -      +
     79A  CYS      3.4     3.2    -      -       -      +
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
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  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
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   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
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Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il