Contacts of the helix formed by residues 114 - 139 (chain A) in PDB entry 3G4C


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with PRO 114 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    111A  THR      5.6     0.2    -      -       -      +
    112A  THR      4.4     2.7    -      -       -      +
    113A  ILE*     1.4    87.9    -      -       +      +
    115A  PRO*     1.3    63.3    -      -       +      -
    116A  GLU*     3.0    23.6    -      -       -      +
    117A  ARG*     2.7    63.8    +      -       +      +
    118A  VAL      3.4     2.4    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PRO 115 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    103A  PRO*     3.6    37.0    -      -       +      +
    106A  LEU*     4.0    23.6    -      -       +      +
    109A  TYR      6.0     0.4    -      -       -      +
    111A  THR*     4.0    14.4    -      -       -      +
    113A  ILE      3.5     0.4    -      -       -      +
    114A  PRO*     1.3    82.5    -      -       +      +
    116A  GLU*     1.3    65.3    +      -       -      +
    118A  VAL*     3.2     8.4    +      -       +      +
    119A  THR*     3.0    31.0    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 116 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    103A  PRO*     4.3    17.4    -      -       +      +
    114A  PRO*     2.8    22.9    +      -       -      +
    115A  PRO*     1.3    91.5    -      -       -      +
    117A  ARG*     1.3    57.6    +      -       +      +
    119A  THR*     3.3     9.2    +      -       -      +
    120A  GLU*     2.9    37.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 117 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    113A  ILE*     3.6    28.2    -      -       +      +
    114A  PRO*     2.7    46.0    +      -       +      +
    116A  GLU*     1.3    71.2    -      -       +      +
    118A  VAL*     1.3    53.8    +      -       -      +
    120A  GLU*     3.6     8.2    -      -       +      +
    121A  LYS*     2.7    59.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 118 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    101A  PRO*     6.3     0.9    -      -       +      -
    106A  LEU*     3.5    26.7    -      -       +      -
    111A  THR*     5.0     3.4    -      -       +      -
    113A  ILE*     3.8    34.3    -      -       +      +
    114A  PRO      3.4     1.2    +      -       -      +
    115A  PRO*     3.2    10.0    +      -       +      +
    117A  ARG*     1.3    77.4    -      -       -      +
    119A  THR*     1.3    58.4    +      -       -      +
    121A  LYS*     3.2     6.6    +      -       -      +
    122A  ILE*     2.9    43.4    +      -       +      +
    136D  LEU*     4.2    10.0    -      -       +      +
    139D  SER*     5.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
    141D  VAL*     3.7    34.5    -      -       +      -
    145D  VAL*     5.5     0.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 119 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    100A  ILE*     3.5    16.5    -      -       +      +
    101A  PRO*     2.7    30.8    +      -       -      +
    102A  SER*     3.6     1.8    +      -       -      -
    103A  PRO*     3.6    20.2    -      -       +      +
    106A  LEU*     5.2     0.9    -      -       -      +
    115A  PRO      3.0    13.8    +      -       -      -
    116A  GLU*     3.3    13.0    +      -       -      +
    118A  VAL*     1.3    79.3    -      -       -      +
    120A  GLU*     1.3    60.3    +      -       +      +
    122A  ILE*     3.4     5.6    +      -       -      +
    123A  SER*     3.1    30.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 120 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    116A  GLU*     2.9    34.0    +      -       +      +
    117A  ARG*     3.6     9.2    -      -       +      +
    118A  VAL      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    119A  THR*     1.3    74.3    -      -       +      +
    121A  LYS*     1.3    70.7    +      -       -      +
    123A  SER*     3.2     8.8    +      -       -      -
    124A  GLU*     3.0    31.7    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 121 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    113A  ILE*     3.8    19.3    -      -       +      -
    117A  ARG*     2.7    56.6    +      -       -      +
    118A  VAL      3.5     4.3    -      -       -      +
    120A  GLU*     1.3    77.4    -      -       -      +
    122A  ILE*     1.3    61.1    +      -       -      +
    124A  GLU*     3.4     6.2    +      -       -      +
    125A  ILE*     3.3    23.7    +      -       -      +
    132D  THR*     4.2    12.4    -      -       +      +
    135D  GLU*     4.1    27.6    -      -       -      +
    136D  LEU*     4.2    16.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 122 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    100A  ILE*     4.2     9.0    -      -       +      -
    101A  PRO*     3.6    33.0    -      -       +      -
    118A  VAL*     2.9    33.8    +      -       +      +
    119A  THR*     3.7     9.4    -      -       -      +
    121A  LYS*     1.3    75.8    -      -       -      +
    123A  SER*     1.3    63.1    +      -       -      +
    125A  ILE*     3.3     7.4    -      -       -      +
    126A  VAL*     3.0    29.6    +      -       +      +
    153A  ASN*     3.7    25.4    -      -       -      +
    136D  LEU*     4.1    21.1    -      -       +      -
    145D  VAL*     4.5     9.4    -      -       +      +
    148D  ILE*     4.4     8.3    -      -       +      -
    149D  VAL*     3.9    12.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 123 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     96A  TYR*     4.4     2.6    +      -       -      -
    100A  ILE*     3.5    30.4    -      -       -      +
    119A  THR*     3.1    17.4    +      -       -      +
    120A  GLU*     3.2    11.8    +      -       -      -
    122A  ILE*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
    124A  GLU*     1.3    58.5    +      -       -      +
    126A  VAL*     3.6     3.3    -      -       -      +
    127A  ASP*     3.0    28.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 124 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    120A  GLU*     3.0    22.1    +      -       +      +
    121A  LYS*     3.9     7.0    -      -       -      +
    122A  ILE      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    123A  SER*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
    125A  ILE*     1.3    60.5    +      -       -      +
    127A  ASP*     3.3     6.2    +      -       -      +
    128A  LYS*     2.9    29.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 125 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    121A  LYS      3.3    11.4    +      -       -      +
    122A  ILE      3.3    11.2    -      -       -      +
    124A  GLU*     1.3    77.6    -      -       -      +
    126A  VAL*     1.3    57.7    +      -       +      +
    128A  LYS*     3.2    14.7    +      -       +      +
    129A  ALA*     2.8    36.6    +      -       +      +
    151A  PRO*     5.8     0.9    -      -       +      -
    125D  ILE*     5.0     3.6    -      -       +      +
    128D  LYS*     3.6    18.8    -      -       +      -
    129D  ALA*     3.6    41.3    -      -       +      +
    132D  THR*     3.7    18.6    -      -       +      +
    149D  VAL*     3.7    33.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 126 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     96A  TYR*     4.8     5.4    -      -       +      +
     98A  PHE*     3.2    43.3    -      -       +      -
    100A  ILE*     4.3     6.1    -      -       +      -
    122A  ILE*     3.0    21.5    -      -       +      +
    123A  SER*     3.6     6.1    -      -       -      +
    125A  ILE*     1.3    78.6    -      -       +      +
    127A  ASP*     1.3    60.8    +      -       -      +
    129A  ALA*     3.3     6.9    +      -       -      +
    130A  TYR*     2.9    28.8    +      -       -      +
    151A  PRO*     4.2     9.0    -      -       +      -
    153A  ASN*     3.5    35.4    -      -       -      +
    149D  VAL*     5.2     1.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 127 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     96A  TYR*     3.0    39.4    +      -       -      +
    123A  SER      3.0    17.8    +      -       -      +
    124A  GLU*     3.6     6.9    -      -       -      +
    126A  VAL*     1.3    75.4    -      -       -      +
    128A  LYS*     1.3    63.9    +      -       -      +
    130A  TYR*     3.3     1.7    +      -       -      +
    131A  ARG*     2.5    64.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 128 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    124A  GLU      2.9    17.6    +      -       -      +
    125A  ILE*     3.5    13.5    -      -       +      +
    127A  ASP*     1.3    77.6    -      -       -      +
    129A  ALA*     1.3    62.6    +      -       -      +
    131A  ARG*     3.4    28.0    +      -       +      +
    132A  THR*     3.1    34.7    +      -       -      +
    124D  GLU*     2.7    38.7    +      -       -      -
    125D  ILE*     3.3    26.5    -      -       +      -
    128D  LYS*     4.2    14.8    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 129 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    125A  ILE*     2.8    21.2    +      -       +      +
    126A  VAL      3.7     4.0    -      -       -      +
    128A  LYS*     1.3    75.1    -      -       -      +
    130A  TYR*     1.3    57.3    +      -       -      +
    132A  THR*     3.3     4.5    +      -       -      -
    133A  TYR*     3.0    26.7    +      -       -      +
    149A  VAL*     3.5    28.3    -      -       -      +
    150A  LEU*     4.2     1.6    -      -       -      -
    151A  PRO*     4.0    18.4    -      -       +      -
    125D  ILE*     3.7    17.9    -      -       +      -
    129D  ALA*     6.4     0.4    -      -       +      -
    149D  VAL      6.1     0.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 130 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     93A  LYS*     5.2     1.7    -      -       -      +
     94A  LEU*     2.5    31.2    +      -       +      -
     95A  SER*     3.8    11.5    -      -       -      -
     96A  TYR*     3.3    44.2    +      +       +      +
     98A  PHE*     3.6    26.0    -      +       +      -
    126A  VAL      2.9    17.7    +      -       -      +
    127A  ASP      3.8     3.6    -      -       -      +
    129A  ALA*     1.3    75.8    -      -       -      +
    131A  ARG*     1.3    62.3    +      -       +      +
    133A  TYR*     3.3    13.5    +      +       -      +
    134A  LEU*     2.9    68.3    +      -       +      +
    150A  LEU*     3.9    16.1    -      -       +      +
    154A  LEU*     5.4     0.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 131 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     96A  TYR*     5.7     0.7    -      -       +      -
    127A  ASP*     2.5    65.0    +      -       -      +
    128A  LYS*     3.7    30.7    -      -       -      +
    130A  TYR*     1.3    80.1    -      -       +      +
    132A  THR*     1.3    57.4    +      -       -      +
    134A  LEU*     3.4    11.6    +      -       +      +
    135A  GLU*     2.9    29.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 132 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    128A  LYS*     3.1    24.4    +      -       -      -
    129A  ALA      3.6     8.3    -      -       -      -
    130A  TYR      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    131A  ARG*     1.3    73.8    -      -       -      +
    133A  TYR*     1.3    66.7    +      -       -      +
    135A  GLU*     3.2    14.3    +      -       -      +
    136A  LEU*     2.9    42.6    +      -       +      +
    149A  VAL*     4.5     6.1    -      -       +      -
    121D  LYS*     4.3    20.0    -      -       +      +
    124D  GLU*     4.9     1.8    +      -       -      +
    125D  ILE*     3.4    28.9    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 133 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     92A  SER      3.7     6.2    +      -       -      -
     93A  LYS*     3.6    11.8    -      -       +      +
     94A  LEU*     3.0    47.2    +      -       +      +
    129A  ALA      3.0     6.8    +      -       -      +
    130A  TYR*     3.3    26.9    -      +       -      +
    132A  THR*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
    134A  LEU*     1.3    76.1    +      -       +      +
    136A  LEU*     3.3     4.4    +      -       -      +
    137A  ILE*     3.0    44.8    +      -       +      +
    143A  ARG*     4.4     7.7    -      -       -      +
    146A  ALA*     3.6    22.4    -      -       +      +
    147A  ARG*     3.6    28.0    -      -       +      -
    149A  VAL*     3.9     9.4    -      -       +      +
    150A  LEU*     3.6    25.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 134 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     93A  LYS*     5.0    10.3    -      -       +      -
    130A  TYR*     2.9    59.8    +      -       +      +
    131A  ARG*     3.6    11.9    -      -       +      +
    133A  TYR*     1.3    85.7    -      -       +      +
    135A  GLU*     1.3    57.1    +      -       -      +
    137A  ILE*     3.3     8.6    +      -       +      +
    138A  GLU*     2.9    47.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 135 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    131A  ARG      2.9    16.4    +      -       -      +
    132A  THR*     3.2    15.2    +      -       -      +
    134A  LEU*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
    136A  LEU*     1.3    58.3    +      -       +      +
    138A  GLU*     3.3    13.2    +      -       -      +
    139A  SER*     2.8    37.4    +      -       -      +
    113D  ILE*     5.5     2.3    -      -       +      +
    121D  LYS*     3.9    38.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 136 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    132A  THR*     2.9    33.7    +      -       +      +
    133A  TYR      3.7     4.3    -      -       -      +
    135A  GLU*     1.3    75.2    -      -       -      +
    137A  ILE*     1.3    62.5    +      -       -      +
    139A  SER*     3.2     8.1    +      -       -      -
    141A  VAL*     3.0    42.4    +      -       +      +
    146A  ALA*     4.0    25.8    -      -       +      +
    149A  VAL*     4.7     1.3    -      -       +      -
    113D  ILE*     4.3     7.0    -      -       +      -
    118D  VAL*     3.9    32.8    -      -       +      -
    121D  LYS*     4.2    20.0    -      -       +      -
    122D  ILE*     4.1    27.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 137 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     93A  LYS*     5.1    10.8    -      -       +      -
    133A  TYR*     3.0    36.4    +      -       +      +
    134A  LEU*     3.6    11.7    -      -       +      +
    136A  LEU*     1.3    75.3    -      -       -      +
    138A  GLU*     1.3    64.2    +      -       +      +
    140A  GLY*     3.1    14.7    +      -       -      -
    141A  VAL      3.4    14.4    +      -       -      +
    143A  ARG*     3.3    43.1    -      -       +      +
    146A  ALA*     3.4    23.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 138 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    134A  LEU*     2.9    37.7    +      -       +      +
    135A  GLU*     3.3     9.5    +      -       -      +
    137A  ILE*     1.3    77.9    -      -       +      +
    139A  SER*     1.3    60.4    +      -       -      +
    140A  GLY*     3.2     1.1    +      -       -      -
    112D  THR*     4.6     4.7    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 139 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    135A  GLU*     2.8    22.1    +      -       -      +
    136A  LEU*     3.4    13.0    -      -       -      -
    137A  ILE      3.2     0.6    -      -       -      -
    138A  GLU*     1.3    75.9    -      -       -      +
    140A  GLY*     1.3    57.7    +      -       -      +
    141A  VAL*     3.5     4.9    -      -       -      -
    110D  LYS      4.2     0.7    -      -       -      +
    111D  THR*     3.1     8.5    -      -       -      -
    112D  THR*     2.7    50.2    +      -       -      +
    113D  ILE*     4.1    29.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il