Contacts of the helix formed by residues 89 - 111 (chain B) in PDB entry 3N4E


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with GLY 89 (chain B).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     84A  LYS      4.6     3.6    -      -       -      -
     85A  LEU*     3.4    16.8    -      -       -      -
     86A  GLY*     3.8     3.6    -      -       -      -
     88B  GLU*     1.3    70.7    -      -       -      +
     90B  ILE*     1.3    65.2    +      -       -      -
     91B  ALA      3.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
     92B  THR*     3.1    11.1    +      -       -      -
     93B  ALA*     3.0    28.8    +      -       -      +
    252B  TYR*     3.5    20.2    -      -       -      -
    274B  LYS*     4.0     1.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 90 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     54A  VAL*     4.3     0.9    -      -       +      -
     85A  LEU*     3.0    52.7    +      -       +      +
     90A  ILE*     3.6    48.7    -      -       +      -
     91A  ALA      5.0     1.1    -      -       -      +
     50B  ALA*     3.6    32.1    -      -       +      +
     51B  SER*     2.7    45.1    +      -       -      +
     54B  VAL*     4.0     6.1    -      -       +      -
     85B  LEU      5.7     0.4    -      -       -      +
     88B  GLU      3.2     3.4    +      -       -      +
     89B  GLY*     1.3    70.8    -      -       -      -
     91B  ALA*     1.3    62.7    +      -       -      +
     94B  ALA*     3.2    11.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 91 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     90A  ILE*     5.0     1.2    -      -       +      +
     54B  VAL*     4.9     3.1    -      -       -      -
     82B  LEU*     4.5    17.0    -      -       +      -
     85B  LEU*     4.4    21.7    +      -       +      +
     87B  PRO*     3.0    34.0    +      -       +      +
     90B  ILE*     1.3    79.8    -      -       -      +
     92B  THR*     1.3    59.6    +      -       -      +
     94B  ALA*     3.2     6.6    +      -       -      +
     95B  LEU*     2.9    34.7    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 92 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     79B  MSE      5.4     1.6    -      -       +      -
     87B  PRO*     3.1    33.5    +      -       +      +
     88B  GLU*     3.9     3.6    -      -       +      -
     89B  GLY      3.1    18.4    +      -       -      -
     91B  ALA*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
     93B  ALA*     1.3    56.4    +      -       -      +
     95B  LEU*     4.0    10.8    -      -       +      +
     96B  ALA*     2.9    29.3    +      -       -      +
    252B  TYR*     3.6    28.0    -      -       -      +
    253B  THR*     5.0     1.3    -      -       +      -
    274B  LYS      2.8    21.8    +      -       -      +
    275B  MSE      3.6     6.7    -      -       -      -
    276B  GLY      4.2     2.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 93 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     42B  ALA*     3.5     6.1    -      -       +      +
     43B  SER*     4.0    17.0    -      -       -      +
     51B  SER*     3.5    13.5    -      -       -      +
     89B  GLY      3.0    19.3    +      -       -      +
     92B  THR*     1.3    74.0    -      -       -      +
     94B  ALA*     1.3    61.3    +      -       -      +
     96B  ALA*     3.6     1.4    -      -       -      +
     97B  ALA*     2.9    32.1    +      -       -      +
    273B  VAL      3.4    22.4    -      -       -      +
    274B  LYS*     3.2     8.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 94 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     42B  ALA*     4.7     0.7    -      -       -      -
     51B  SER*     3.6    26.4    +      -       -      +
     54B  VAL*     4.0    10.8    -      -       +      -
     55B  VAL*     3.8    13.8    -      -       +      +
     59B  ILE*     4.0    13.2    -      -       +      -
     90B  ILE      3.2    13.7    +      -       -      +
     91B  ALA      3.2     8.7    +      -       -      +
     93B  ALA*     1.3    79.3    -      -       -      +
     95B  LEU*     1.3    61.1    +      -       -      +
     97B  ALA*     3.5     4.6    +      -       -      +
     98B  CYS*     3.3    27.0    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 95 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     59B  ILE*     4.0    16.8    -      -       +      -
     75B  LEU*     3.8    23.8    -      -       +      +
     78B  MSE      3.8    31.0    -      -       +      -
     79B  MSE      3.6    35.0    -      -       +      +
     82B  LEU*     4.2     8.7    -      -       +      -
     87B  PRO*     5.2     0.2    -      -       +      -
     91B  ALA*     2.9    29.7    +      -       +      +
     92B  THR*     4.0     9.4    -      -       +      +
     94B  ALA*     1.3    73.9    -      -       -      +
     96B  ALA*     1.3    59.3    +      -       -      +
     98B  CYS*     3.2     5.6    +      -       -      +
     99B  ASP*     2.8    29.7    +      -       -      +
    276B  GLY*     5.7     1.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 96 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     92B  THR      2.9    23.2    +      -       -      +
     93B  ALA      3.3     4.5    +      -       -      +
     95B  LEU*     1.3    72.5    -      -       -      +
     97B  ALA*     1.3    57.4    +      -       -      +
     99B  ASP*     3.2     3.2    +      -       -      +
    100B  ILE*     3.0    35.7    +      -       -      +
    272B  ILE      3.4    22.4    -      -       -      +
    273B  VAL*     4.0     6.1    -      -       -      -
    275B  MSE      3.6    13.2    -      -       -      +
    276B  GLY      4.2     3.3    -      -       -      +
    277B  GLY*     3.5    18.0    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 97 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     28B  VAL*     3.8    22.4    -      -       +      +
     40B  GLY*     3.1    12.5    -      -       -      -
     41B  GLU      3.3    34.5    +      -       -      +
     42B  ALA*     3.6     7.6    -      -       +      +
     93B  ALA      2.9    15.5    +      -       -      +
     94B  ALA*     3.6     6.3    -      -       -      +
     96B  ALA*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
     98B  CYS*     1.3    57.8    +      -       -      +
    100B  ILE*     3.5     0.9    +      -       -      -
    101B  ALA*     3.1    23.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS 98 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      8B  VAL*     4.8     2.5    -      -       -      -
     28B  VAL*     4.2    13.7    -      -       -      -
     30B  ILE*     4.0     7.8    -      -       +      +
     55B  VAL*     4.2    19.1    -      -       -      -
     59B  ILE*     3.6    26.0    -      -       -      -
     63B  LEU*     4.2    16.6    -      -       +      -
     75B  LEU*     3.9    14.1    -      -       +      -
     94B  ALA      3.3    13.9    +      -       -      +
     95B  LEU*     3.2     8.6    +      -       -      +
     97B  ALA*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
     99B  ASP*     1.3    68.3    +      -       -      +
    101B  ALA*     3.4     2.4    +      -       -      +
    102B  LEU*     3.0    27.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 99 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     71B  HIS*     4.0     7.3    +      -       -      +
     72B  ALA*     5.6     0.9    -      -       -      -
     75B  LEU*     3.4    19.8    -      -       +      +
     95B  LEU      2.8    14.3    +      -       -      +
     96B  ALA      3.4     8.1    -      -       -      +
     98B  CYS*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
    100B  ILE*     1.3    57.1    +      -       -      +
    102B  LEU*     3.1     5.7    +      -       -      +
    103B  TRP*     3.0    41.5    +      -       -      -
    276B  GLY      3.6    18.5    -      -       -      +
    278B  ILE      2.7    27.7    +      -       -      -
    279B  THR*     2.9    26.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 100 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     39B  TRP      3.5    13.2    -      -       -      +
     40B  GLY*     4.1     1.3    -      -       -      -
     41B  GLU      4.0     9.9    -      -       -      +
     96B  ALA      3.0    19.1    +      -       -      +
     97B  ALA      3.8     4.0    -      -       -      +
     99B  ASP*     1.3    74.9    -      -       -      +
    101B  ALA*     1.3    57.9    +      -       -      +
    103B  TRP*     3.3     6.7    +      -       -      +
    104B  ASP*     3.0    26.5    +      -       -      +
    272B  ILE      3.6    23.8    -      -       -      +
    273B  VAL*     3.9    20.0    -      -       +      -
    277B  GLY*     4.0    11.4    -      -       -      -
    278B  ILE*     4.2     6.3    -      -       +      +
    304B  VAL*     3.9     9.9    -      -       +      -
    308B  ALA*     4.1    26.5    -      -       +      -
    355B  LEU*     3.9    20.1    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 101 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     28B  VAL*     3.9     4.5    -      -       +      +
     30B  ILE*     3.5    28.7    -      -       +      -
     38B  GLY*     3.4    23.6    -      -       -      +
     39B  TRP      3.3    12.4    +      -       -      +
     40B  GLY      3.6    17.5    -      -       -      +
     97B  ALA      3.1    13.5    +      -       -      +
     98B  CYS      3.8     0.2    -      -       -      +
     99B  ASP      3.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
    100B  ILE*     1.3    75.4    -      -       -      +
    102B  LEU*     1.3    57.7    +      -       -      +
    104B  ASP      3.4     0.3    +      -       -      -
    105B  LEU*     3.1    24.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 102 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      5B  ILE*     3.7    31.0    -      -       +      -
     30B  ILE*     4.0    15.5    -      -       +      -
     63B  LEU*     4.6    16.6    -      -       +      -
     68B  VAL*     3.7    19.1    -      -       +      +
     71B  HIS*     3.6    36.5    -      -       +      -
     74B  LEU*     5.1     0.9    -      -       +      -
     75B  LEU*     4.0    19.3    -      -       +      -
     98B  CYS      3.0    18.6    +      -       -      +
     99B  ASP      3.6     5.8    -      -       -      +
    101B  ALA*     1.3    73.3    -      -       -      +
    103B  TRP*     1.3    61.1    +      -       -      +
    105B  LEU*     3.4    10.1    +      -       +      +
    106B  LYS*     2.8    28.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 103 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     71B  HIS*     3.2    20.1    -      +       -      -
     99B  ASP*     3.0    38.7    +      -       -      +
    100B  ILE      3.7     4.0    -      -       -      +
    102B  LEU*     1.3    74.4    -      -       -      +
    104B  ASP*     1.3    60.0    +      -       -      +
    106B  LYS*     3.2    40.0    +      -       +      +
    107B  GLY*     2.8    27.4    +      -       -      -
    114B  ILE*     3.9    25.1    -      -       +      +
    117B  LEU*     3.8    31.2    -      -       +      -
    118B  LEU*     3.7    29.8    -      -       +      -
    278B  ILE*     3.7    33.0    -      -       +      -
    279B  THR*     2.9    26.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 104 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     38B  GLY*     3.5     5.8    -      -       -      -
     39B  TRP*     3.1    34.0    +      -       -      +
    100B  ILE      3.0    13.2    +      -       -      +
    101B  ALA      3.5     9.0    -      -       -      +
    102B  LEU      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    103B  TRP*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
    105B  LEU*     1.3    62.6    +      -       -      +
    107B  GLY      3.3     1.2    +      -       -      -
    108B  LYS*     3.2    44.5    +      -       -      +
    114B  ILE*     4.1     3.5    -      -       -      +
    354B  GLY*     3.5     7.7    -      -       -      -
    355B  LEU*     2.8    39.5    +      -       +      +
    356B  GLY      4.5     1.0    +      -       -      -
    357B  ILE*     4.6     3.6    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 105 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      3B  LEU*     4.7     2.4    -      -       +      +
      5B  ILE*     5.4     0.2    -      -       +      -
     30B  ILE*     3.6    39.7    -      -       +      +
     32B  ALA*     4.2     8.7    -      -       +      +
     36B  THR*     3.5    32.7    +      -       -      +
     37B  VAL      3.5     7.6    -      -       -      +
     38B  GLY*     3.5    20.1    -      -       -      +
     68B  VAL*     3.9    28.4    -      -       +      +
    101B  ALA      3.1    12.7    +      -       -      +
    102B  LEU*     3.5    11.2    -      -       +      +
    104B  ASP*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
    106B  LYS*     1.3    64.9    +      -       -      +
    108B  LYS*     3.4     5.4    +      -       +      +
    109B  LEU*     3.0    25.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 106 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     68B  VAL*     4.0    10.3    -      -       +      +
     69B  LEU*     3.8    24.7    -      -       +      -
     71B  HIS*     3.0    37.4    +      -       +      +
    102B  LEU      2.8    18.1    +      -       -      +
    103B  TRP*     3.2    43.4    +      -       +      +
    105B  LEU*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
    107B  GLY*     1.3    61.4    +      -       -      +
    109B  LEU*     3.4     4.4    +      -       -      +
    110B  LEU*     3.1    45.4    +      -       +      +
    117B  LEU*     4.1     8.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 107 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    103B  TRP      2.8    14.8    +      -       -      -
    105B  LEU      3.3     0.4    -      -       -      -
    106B  LYS*     1.3    75.6    -      -       -      +
    108B  LYS*     1.3    56.8    +      -       -      +
    110B  LEU      3.5     0.6    +      -       -      -
    111B  GLY      2.9    23.2    +      -       -      -
    112B  GLN      2.9    29.7    +      -       -      +
    114B  ILE*     5.0     0.2    -      -       -      -
    117B  LEU*     3.7    13.7    -      -       -      +
    353B  PRO*     3.4     1.4    -      -       -      +
    354B  GLY*     3.6    13.0    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 108 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     36B  THR*     5.0    15.9    -      -       +      -
     37B  VAL*     2.5    40.0    +      -       -      +
     39B  TRP*     4.9     6.9    -      -       -      +
    104B  ASP*     3.2    35.3    +      -       -      +
    105B  LEU*     3.8     5.6    -      -       -      +
    107B  GLY*     1.3    74.4    -      -       -      +
    109B  LEU*     1.3    65.7    +      -       -      +
    110B  LEU      3.4     0.5    +      -       -      -
    111B  GLY*     3.4     9.4    +      -       -      -
    353B  PRO*     4.1    27.6    -      -       +      +
    356B  GLY      6.2     0.2    -      -       -      +
    357B  ILE      5.7     3.5    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 109 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      3B  LEU*     4.1    44.6    -      -       +      +
     34B  ASP*     5.8     1.3    -      -       -      +
     36B  THR*     5.7     2.6    +      -       -      -
     68B  VAL*     5.0     3.8    -      -       +      -
     69B  LEU*     4.1    38.4    -      -       +      -
    105B  LEU      3.0    17.9    +      -       -      +
    106B  LYS*     3.7     4.3    -      -       -      +
    108B  LYS*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
    110B  LEU*     1.3    70.0    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 110 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     69B  LEU*     4.6    12.1    -      -       +      -
    106B  LYS*     3.1    39.8    +      -       +      +
    107B  GLY      4.3     1.3    -      -       -      +
    109B  LEU*     1.3    95.6    -      -       +      +
    111B  GLY*     1.3    63.1    +      -       -      +
    112B  GLN*     3.6    10.4    +      -       +      +
    117B  LEU*     3.8    30.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 111 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    107B  GLY      2.9     6.8    +      -       -      -
    108B  LYS      3.4    10.3    +      -       -      -
    109B  LEU      3.5     0.2    -      -       -      -
    110B  LEU*     1.3    79.8    -      -       -      +
    112B  GLN*     1.3    70.4    +      -       -      +
    113B  PRO*     4.4     2.4    -      -       -      +
    353B  PRO*     3.9    14.1    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il