Contacts of the helix formed by residues 15 - 37 (chain A) in PDB entry 3SDL


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with GLY 15 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     13A  GLY      3.1     1.8    +      -       -      -
     14A  PRO*     1.3    80.5    -      -       -      +
     16A  ALA*     1.3    60.3    +      -       -      +
     17A  THR      3.3     0.7    -      -       -      -
     18A  ASN*     4.0     6.3    +      -       -      +
     19A  ALA*     3.4    20.4    +      -       -      +
     11C  ALA*     5.1     4.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 16 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     12A  VAL*     3.8    24.0    -      -       +      -
     13A  GLY      3.1    14.9    +      -       -      +
     14A  PRO      3.0     1.2    +      -       -      -
     15A  GLY*     1.3    77.3    -      -       -      +
     17A  THR*     1.3    60.7    +      -       -      +
     19A  ALA*     3.7     2.7    -      -       -      -
     20A  THR*     2.9    35.8    +      -       -      -
     38B  ARG      4.2     3.8    -      -       -      +
     39B  ALA*     3.0    27.5    -      -       -      +
     41B  ASP*     3.9     7.9    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 17 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     13A  GLY      4.7     0.4    +      -       -      -
     14A  PRO*     3.3    13.0    +      -       -      +
     15A  GLY      3.3     0.8    -      -       -      -
     16A  ALA*     1.3    77.9    -      -       -      +
     18A  ASN*     1.3    64.0    +      -       -      +
     20A  THR*     3.2     4.0    +      -       -      -
     21A  ILE*     3.1    33.6    +      -       +      +
     62A  HIS*     4.3    21.1    -      -       +      +
     41B  ASP*     3.8    22.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 18 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     14A  PRO      4.7     0.8    +      -       -      +
     15A  GLY*     4.0     7.8    +      -       -      +
     17A  THR*     1.3    79.2    -      -       -      +
     19A  ALA*     1.3    59.8    +      -       -      +
     21A  ILE*     3.7     6.0    +      -       -      +
     22A  ASN*     2.8    44.0    +      -       -      +
     62A  HIS*     2.9    40.8    +      -       +      +
     72A  MET*     5.9     2.2    -      -       -      -
     77A  ARG*     3.1    19.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 19 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     15A  GLY      3.4    19.2    +      -       -      +
     16A  ALA*     3.5     6.1    -      -       -      +
     17A  THR      3.1     0.6    -      -       -      -
     18A  ASN*     1.3    77.9    -      -       -      +
     20A  THR*     1.3    60.3    +      -       -      +
     22A  ASN*     3.3     5.6    +      -       -      +
     23A  PHE*     2.9    29.6    +      -       -      +
     84A  MET*     3.8     4.5    -      -       -      +
     34B  PHE*     3.6     7.1    -      -       +      -
     39B  ALA*     3.7    11.4    -      -       +      +
     11C  ALA*     3.5    32.5    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 20 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     16A  ALA      2.9    16.7    +      -       -      -
     17A  THR      3.2     0.9    +      -       -      -
     19A  ALA*     1.3    73.4    -      -       -      +
     21A  ILE*     1.3    61.5    +      -       -      +
     23A  PHE*     3.7     0.2    -      -       -      +
     24A  GLU*     2.8    54.6    +      -       +      +
     58A  ARG*     4.3     2.0    -      -       -      +
     34B  PHE*     4.2     7.9    -      -       +      -
     39B  ALA      3.1     4.7    +      -       -      -
     40B  LEU*     3.4    17.5    -      -       +      -
     41B  ASP*     2.8    50.7    +      -       -      +
     47B  ARG*     3.8     6.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 21 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     17A  THR*     3.1    22.7    +      -       +      +
     18A  ASN*     3.8     7.6    -      -       -      +
     19A  ALA      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     20A  THR*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
     22A  ASN*     1.3    56.9    +      -       -      +
     25A  ALA*     3.1    25.5    +      -       -      +
     55A  LEU*     3.8    11.5    -      -       +      +
     58A  ARG*     4.0    34.8    -      -       +      +
     59A  ILE*     3.6    30.3    -      -       +      +
     62A  HIS*     3.7    43.3    -      -       +      +
     77A  ARG*     3.9    14.8    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 22 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     18A  ASN*     2.8    35.3    +      -       -      +
     19A  ALA*     3.3     8.3    +      -       -      +
     21A  ILE*     1.3    76.0    -      -       -      +
     23A  PHE*     1.3    65.7    +      -       -      +
     25A  ALA*     3.1     8.4    +      -       -      +
     26A  GLY      3.1    17.3    +      -       -      -
     72A  MET*     5.4     1.4    -      -       -      -
     77A  ARG*     3.0    45.8    +      -       -      +
     80A  ILE*     4.3    22.9    -      -       +      +
     81A  GLY*     3.3     9.1    -      -       -      -
     84A  MET*     3.8    13.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 23 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     19A  ALA      2.9    17.9    +      -       -      +
     20A  THR      3.7     2.5    -      -       -      +
     22A  ASN*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
     24A  GLU*     1.3    68.3    +      -       +      +
     26A  GLY*     3.1     5.7    +      -       -      -
     27A  ILE*     3.1    46.0    +      -       +      +
     81A  GLY*     4.4     2.5    -      -       -      +
     84A  MET*     3.3    13.8    -      -       +      +
     85A  MET*     4.0    24.8    -      -       +      +
     88A  LEU*     4.0     7.2    -      -       +      -
     30B  CYS      3.4    29.4    -      -       -      -
     31B  TYR*     3.8    25.8    -      +       -      -
     34B  PHE*     3.5    51.8    -      +       +      -
     40B  LEU*     4.7     2.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 24 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     20A  THR*     2.8    24.0    +      -       +      +
     23A  PHE*     1.3    85.6    -      -       +      +
     25A  ALA*     1.3    63.8    +      -       -      +
     27A  ILE*     3.3     8.9    -      -       +      +
     28A  LEU*     3.0    17.5    +      -       -      +
     51A  LEU*     3.8    10.8    -      -       +      +
     55A  LEU*     3.4    14.4    -      -       +      +
     58A  ARG*     2.7    39.2    +      -       -      +
     31B  TYR*     2.6    36.6    +      -       +      +
     44B  GLY*     4.7     0.3    -      -       -      -
     47B  ARG*     2.8    37.7    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 25 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     21A  ILE      3.1    16.5    +      -       -      +
     22A  ASN      3.2    10.5    -      -       -      +
     24A  GLU*     1.3    77.1    -      -       -      +
     26A  GLY*     1.3    62.4    +      -       -      +
     28A  LEU*     3.0     7.3    +      -       -      +
     29A  GLU*     3.0    20.1    +      -       -      +
     55A  LEU*     3.4    16.1    -      -       +      +
     59A  ILE*     5.4     0.7    -      -       +      -
     74A  LEU*     4.6     5.4    -      -       +      +
     77A  ARG*     3.9    10.5    -      -       +      -
     78A  LYS*     3.9    33.1    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 26 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     22A  ASN      3.1     8.1    +      -       -      -
     23A  PHE      3.1     5.4    +      -       -      -
     25A  ALA*     1.3    79.0    -      -       -      +
     27A  ILE*     1.3    61.7    +      -       -      +
     29A  GLU*     3.2     8.3    +      -       -      +
     30A  CYS*     3.1    27.9    +      -       -      -
     78A  LYS*     4.2     5.3    -      -       -      +
     81A  GLY*     4.0    22.8    -      -       -      -
     82A  VAL*     4.1     5.2    -      -       -      +
     85A  MET*     3.9     7.1    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 27 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     23A  PHE*     3.1    39.7    +      -       +      +
     24A  GLU*     3.3    16.6    -      -       +      +
     25A  ALA      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
     26A  GLY*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
     28A  LEU*     1.3    63.9    +      -       -      +
     30A  CYS*     3.1     5.6    +      -       -      +
     31A  TYR*     3.0    45.2    +      -       +      -
     51A  LEU*     4.7     9.0    -      -       +      -
     85A  MET*     3.6    24.0    -      -       +      -
     27B  ILE*     4.0    31.0    -      -       +      -
     30B  CYS*     4.6     2.7    -      -       +      -
     31B  TYR*     4.1    13.0    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 28 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     24A  GLU      3.0     8.0    +      -       -      +
     25A  ALA      3.0     7.6    +      -       -      +
     27A  ILE*     1.3    77.8    -      -       -      +
     29A  GLU*     1.3    56.7    +      -       -      +
     31A  TYR*     3.1     6.1    +      -       +      +
     32A  GLU*     2.9    44.7    +      -       -      +
     48A  LEU*     3.7    41.1    -      -       +      +
     51A  LEU*     3.5    21.3    -      -       +      -
     52A  LYS*     3.8    32.1    -      -       +      -
     55A  LEU*     4.0    11.9    -      -       +      -
     74A  LEU*     4.4     8.7    -      -       +      -
     78A  LYS*     4.2    15.0    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 29 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     25A  ALA      3.0    12.2    +      -       -      +
     26A  GLY*     3.2    14.1    +      -       -      +
     28A  LEU*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
     30A  CYS*     1.3    58.1    +      -       -      +
     32A  GLU*     3.4     9.2    +      -       -      +
     33A  ARG*     2.6    78.6    +      -       -      +
     36A  TRP*     4.5     8.5    -      -       -      -
     75A  GLU*     5.1     0.3    -      -       -      +
     78A  LYS*     3.2    39.1    +      -       +      +
     82A  VAL*     4.2    13.7    -      -       +      -
     89B  LEU*     6.2     0.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS 30 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     26A  GLY      3.1    18.6    +      -       -      -
     27A  ILE      3.5     7.4    -      -       -      +
     29A  GLU*     1.3    77.5    -      -       -      +
     31A  TYR*     1.3    66.4    +      -       -      +
     33A  ARG*     3.3     7.5    +      -       -      +
     34A  PHE*     2.8    26.0    +      -       -      +
     85A  MET*     3.5    19.5    -      -       -      -
     23B  PHE*     3.6     7.2    -      -       +      -
     27B  ILE*     4.5     2.5    -      -       +      -
     85B  MET*     4.0    20.9    -      -       -      -
     88B  LEU*     3.9     5.5    -      -       +      +
     89B  LEU*     3.5    35.7    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 31 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     27A  ILE*     3.0    42.2    +      -       +      +
     28A  LEU*     3.4    11.4    -      -       +      +
     30A  CYS*     1.3    75.9    -      -       -      +
     32A  GLU*     1.3    59.0    +      -       -      +
     34A  PHE*     3.2     2.9    +      -       -      +
     35A  SER*     2.9    28.6    +      -       -      -
     40A  LEU*     4.1    15.9    -      -       +      +
     44A  GLY      4.0    11.4    -      -       -      -
     47A  ARG*     4.6     7.9    +      -       +      +
     48A  LEU*     3.8    39.4    -      -       +      +
     51A  LEU*     5.5     5.8    -      -       +      -
     23B  PHE*     3.6    25.5    -      +       -      -
     24B  GLU*     2.6    42.7    +      -       +      +
     27B  ILE*     4.0    12.8    -      -       +      +
     51B  LEU*     5.2     3.8    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 32 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     28A  LEU*     2.9    33.1    +      -       +      +
     29A  GLU*     3.4    12.8    -      -       -      +
     30A  CYS      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
     31A  TYR*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
     33A  ARG*     1.3    61.7    +      -       -      +
     35A  SER*     2.5    25.8    +      -       -      +
     36A  TRP*     3.1    27.9    -      -       +      +
     48A  LEU*     4.0    20.0    -      -       +      +
     52A  LYS*     4.1    20.1    +      -       -      +
     78A  LYS*     3.0    30.7    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 33 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     29A  GLU*     2.6    52.6    +      -       -      +
     30A  CYS*     3.9     5.2    -      -       -      +
     32A  GLU*     1.3    74.4    -      -       -      +
     34A  PHE*     1.3    59.4    +      -       -      +
     36A  TRP*     3.3    35.3    +      -       +      +
     37A  GLN*     2.7    29.8    +      -       -      -
     82A  VAL*     4.7    11.8    -      -       -      +
     88B  LEU*     3.1    31.9    +      -       +      -
     89B  LEU*     3.1    32.7    +      -       -      +
     91B  MET*     3.6    24.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 34 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     30A  CYS      2.8    17.1    +      -       -      +
     31A  TYR      3.3     3.8    -      -       -      +
     33A  ARG*     1.3    75.2    -      -       -      +
     35A  SER*     1.3    59.7    +      -       -      +
     37A  GLN*     2.9    28.3    +      -       -      +
     38A  ARG      3.6     2.1    +      -       -      -
     39A  ALA*     3.3    47.1    +      -       +      -
     40A  LEU*     3.7    28.0    -      -       +      -
     19B  ALA*     3.5    21.3    -      -       +      -
     20B  THR*     4.0     4.0    -      -       -      -
     23B  PHE*     3.5    43.1    -      +       +      -
     84B  MET*     4.0    10.3    -      -       +      -
     88B  LEU*     3.7     6.6    -      -       +      +
     10D  LEU*     3.5    26.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 35 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     31A  TYR      2.9    12.6    +      -       -      -
     32A  GLU*     2.5    25.4    +      -       -      +
     34A  PHE*     1.3    77.5    -      -       -      +
     36A  TRP*     1.3    63.5    +      -       -      +
     38A  ARG*     2.9    20.6    +      -       -      +
     40A  LEU*     4.0    28.3    -      -       -      -
     45A  GLN*     5.5     2.7    -      -       -      -
     48A  LEU*     4.2     7.5    -      -       -      +
     10B  ILE*     3.9    31.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 36 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     29A  GLU*     4.5     8.7    -      -       -      -
     32A  GLU*     3.1    33.8    +      -       +      +
     33A  ARG*     3.3    42.0    -      -       +      +
     34A  PHE      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
     35A  SER*     1.3    82.4    +      -       -      +
     37A  GLN*     1.3    65.5    +      -       -      +
     38A  ARG*     3.1    13.5    +      -       -      +
     10B  ILE*     5.9     2.5    -      -       +      -
     91B  MET*     4.3     4.7    -      -       +      -
     38D  VAL*     5.7     0.3    -      -       -      +
     75D  VAL*     3.6    38.9    -      -       +      +
     76D  ASP*     3.6    13.7    -      -       -      -
     77D  LYS*     3.4    61.7    -      -       +      +
     78D  CYS      4.9     1.6    -      -       -      -
     79D  ASP*     5.4     6.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 37 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     33A  ARG      2.7    22.6    +      -       -      +
     34A  PHE      2.9    14.0    +      -       -      +
     36A  TRP*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
     38A  ARG*     1.3    72.0    +      -       -      +
     39A  ALA*     3.3     7.5    +      -       +      +
     88B  LEU*     3.9     9.7    -      -       +      +
     91B  MET*     4.1     2.6    -      -       -      +
      9D  MET*     3.7    22.4    -      -       +      +
     10D  LEU*     3.5    42.6    -      -       +      +
     11D  ALA*     5.4     1.1    +      -       -      +
     13D  ASN*     5.2     4.0    -      -       -      +
     73D  LEU      4.4     2.9    -      -       -      +
     74D  VAL*     3.7     9.4    -      -       -      -
     75D  VAL*     2.8    52.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il