Contacts of the helix formed by residues 67 - 89 (chain B) in PDB entry 3SSB


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASP 67 (chain B).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    219A  LYS*     5.8     0.3    +      -       -      -
     55B  TRP*     3.5    26.3    +      -       +      -
     57B  ASP*     4.3     6.9    -      -       -      +
     61B  GLN      4.1     2.9    -      -       -      +
     62B  PHE*     3.3    41.8    -      -       +      +
     63B  PHE      3.4     0.5    +      -       -      -
     64B  ALA*     2.9    36.4    +      -       -      +
     66B  TYR*     1.3    82.8    -      -       -      +
     68B  ALA*     1.3    63.8    +      -       -      +
     69B  PRO*     3.4     0.7    -      -       -      -
     70B  ALA*     3.1    14.8    +      -       -      +
     71B  VAL*     3.1    13.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 68 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     11B  ARG      3.4    13.9    -      -       -      +
     12B  GLY      3.6    24.7    -      -       -      +
     13B  VAL*     3.7    19.1    +      -       -      +
     64B  ALA      3.5     3.6    +      -       -      +
     65B  SER*     3.1    13.4    +      -       -      +
     67B  ASP*     1.3    79.8    -      -       -      +
     69B  PRO*     1.4    70.6    -      -       +      +
     70B  ALA      3.3     0.2    +      -       -      -
     71B  VAL*     3.4     3.3    +      -       -      +
     72B  ASP      3.2    17.0    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PRO 69 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     13B  VAL*     3.7     5.4    -      -       +      -
     65B  SER      3.7     6.3    -      -       -      +
     66B  TYR      3.6    11.2    -      -       -      +
     67B  ASP      3.5     3.8    -      -       -      -
     68B  ALA*     1.4    94.9    -      -       +      +
     70B  ALA*     1.3    56.1    +      -       -      +
     73B  ALA*     3.0    21.0    +      -       -      +
    104B  VAL*     3.8    19.7    -      -       +      -
    105B  HIS*     3.7    18.2    -      -       +      -
    122B  TYR*     6.2     0.4    -      -       +      -
    123B  GLY      5.9     0.4    -      -       -      +
    124B  ASP*     3.9     3.8    -      -       -      +
    132B  PRO*     3.6    31.6    -      -       +      -
    134B  SER*     2.8    29.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 70 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     30B  LEU*     3.5    24.0    -      -       +      -
     41B  THR*     3.8     8.1    -      -       +      +
     55B  TRP*     3.6    34.1    -      -       +      -
     62B  PHE*     5.9     0.7    -      -       +      -
     67B  ASP*     3.1    10.0    +      -       +      +
     69B  PRO*     1.3    78.4    -      -       -      +
     71B  VAL*     1.3    66.6    +      -       +      +
     74B  HIS*     3.0    27.4    +      -       -      +
    104B  VAL*     4.0     9.5    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 71 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     10B  GLY*     4.1     8.3    -      -       -      -
     11B  ARG      3.8    25.8    -      -       -      +
     12B  GLY*     4.1     1.6    -      -       -      +
     18B  LYS*     3.8    29.6    -      -       +      -
     20B  ILE*     4.1    16.5    -      -       +      +
     30B  LEU*     4.7     0.2    -      -       -      +
     62B  PHE*     3.5    36.1    -      -       +      +
     67B  ASP*     3.1    13.2    +      -       +      +
     68B  ALA      3.5     7.6    -      -       -      +
     70B  ALA*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
     72B  ASP*     1.3    57.3    +      -       -      +
     74B  HIS*     3.6     4.7    -      -       -      +
     75B  TYR*     2.9    31.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 72 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     12B  GLY*     3.4     5.4    -      -       -      -
     13B  VAL*     2.7    39.8    +      -       +      +
     14B  LEU*     4.3     2.4    +      -       -      +
     16B  ASP*     4.6     1.2    -      -       -      +
     18B  LYS*     2.8    33.3    +      -       -      -
     68B  ALA      3.2     7.2    +      -       -      +
     69B  PRO      4.1     1.1    -      -       -      +
     71B  VAL*     1.3    77.9    -      -       -      +
     73B  ALA*     1.3    66.4    +      -       -      +
     75B  TYR*     4.5     2.0    -      -       -      +
     76B  TYR*     2.8    44.7    +      -       +      +
    134B  SER*     3.4    22.2    -      -       -      +
    135B  GLY*     3.5     6.4    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 73 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     41B  THR*     4.3     4.3    -      -       +      -
     69B  PRO      3.0    19.5    +      -       -      +
     70B  ALA      3.4     2.7    +      -       -      +
     72B  ASP*     1.3    74.4    -      -       -      +
     74B  HIS*     1.3    58.0    +      -       -      +
     76B  TYR*     4.6     0.2    -      -       -      +
     77B  ALA*     3.0    31.5    +      -       -      +
    102B  SER*     4.2    12.9    +      -       -      -
    104B  VAL*     3.7    20.4    -      -       +      -
    122B  TYR*     4.0    14.3    +      -       +      -
    134B  SER*     3.7    13.8    -      -       -      -
    140B  VAL*     4.6     8.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 74 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     20B  ILE*     4.2    14.8    -      -       +      -
     21B  ASN      2.7    30.8    +      -       -      -
     30B  LEU*     3.2    45.5    -      -       +      -
     31B  GLN      3.5     0.7    -      -       -      -
     32B  ASP*     3.6    13.8    -      -       +      +
     39B  ILE*     3.2    30.1    +      -       +      +
     41B  THR*     2.8    27.1    +      -       -      +
     70B  ALA      3.0    18.1    +      -       -      +
     71B  VAL*     3.6     4.7    -      -       -      +
     73B  ALA*     1.3    79.2    -      -       -      +
     75B  TYR*     1.3    60.7    +      -       -      +
     77B  ALA*     3.5     5.8    +      -       -      +
     78B  GLY*     3.2    17.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 75 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     18B  LYS*     3.5    36.9    -      -       +      +
     19B  ASN      3.2    28.7    -      -       -      -
     20B  ILE*     4.1     8.3    -      -       +      -
     35B  ARG*     5.6     0.2    +      -       -      -
     71B  VAL      2.9    18.1    +      -       -      +
     72B  ASP*     4.1     1.8    -      -       -      +
     74B  HIS*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
     76B  TYR*     1.3    79.3    +      +       +      +
     78B  GLY*     3.1     5.6    +      -       -      -
     79B  VAL*     3.0    41.8    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 76 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     14B  LEU*     6.2     0.3    -      -       -      +
     16B  ASP*     4.0     5.4    +      -       -      -
     18B  LYS*     3.0    27.4    +      -       -      -
     72B  ASP*     2.8    37.4    +      -       -      +
     75B  TYR*     1.3    86.7    -      +       -      +
     77B  ALA*     1.3    64.7    +      -       -      +
     79B  VAL*     3.4     6.9    +      -       +      +
     80B  THR*     2.9    30.0    +      -       -      -
    134B  SER      3.2    26.7    -      -       -      -
    135B  GLY      3.7    16.4    +      -       -      -
    137B  ILE*     3.4    45.7    -      -       +      +
    140B  VAL*     3.8    15.5    -      -       +      -
    180B  ALA*     6.1     2.5    -      -       +      -
    182B  LYS*     5.5     6.1    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 77 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     39B  ILE*     3.6    23.0    -      -       +      +
     73B  ALA      3.0    22.0    +      -       -      +
     74B  HIS      3.6     5.8    -      -       -      +
     76B  TYR*     1.3    75.8    -      -       -      +
     78B  GLY*     1.3    58.6    +      -       -      +
     80B  THR*     3.3     5.1    +      -       -      -
     81B  TYR*     2.9    29.8    +      -       -      +
    100B  ILE*     4.1    17.6    -      -       +      +
    102B  SER*     4.6     2.2    -      -       -      +
    120B  MET*     4.3    10.3    -      -       +      -
    140B  VAL*     3.8     8.2    -      -       +      +
    144B  LEU*     4.5     4.1    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 78 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     35B  ARG*     3.2    32.9    +      -       -      -
     39B  ILE*     3.4    17.8    -      -       -      +
     74B  HIS      3.2     6.5    +      -       -      -
     75B  TYR*     3.1     8.9    +      -       -      -
     77B  ALA*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
     79B  VAL*     1.3    57.9    +      -       -      +
     81B  TYR*     3.3     1.2    +      -       -      +
     82B  ASP*     2.9    26.0    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 79 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     35B  ARG*     4.7     1.5    -      -       -      +
     75B  TYR*     3.0    42.1    +      -       +      +
     76B  TYR*     3.4    13.2    +      -       +      +
     78B  GLY*     1.3    73.3    -      -       -      +
     80B  THR*     1.3    59.2    +      -       -      +
     82B  ASP*     3.2     9.8    +      -       -      +
     83B  TYR*     2.9    26.3    +      -       -      +
    137B  ILE*     4.1     4.9    -      -       +      -
    176B  VAL*     4.0    15.3    -      -       +      -
    179B  TYR*     4.0    14.4    -      -       +      -
    180B  ALA*     3.9    28.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 80 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     76B  TYR      2.9    18.6    +      -       -      -
     77B  ALA*     3.7     1.3    -      -       -      -
     78B  GLY      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     79B  VAL*     1.3    71.6    -      -       -      +
     81B  TYR*     1.3    65.9    +      -       -      +
     83B  TYR*     3.2     2.9    +      -       -      +
     84B  TYR*     3.1    44.6    +      -       +      -
    137B  ILE*     4.3     1.0    -      -       -      +
    140B  VAL*     4.3     1.3    -      -       -      +
    141B  ALA*     3.5    35.2    +      -       +      +
    144B  LEU*     3.3    36.3    -      -       +      -
    176B  VAL*     3.8    12.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 81 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     35B  ARG*     3.7    33.0    -      -       +      -
     36B  GLY*     3.2    21.0    +      -       -      -
     39B  ILE*     4.2     1.6    -      -       +      -
     77B  ALA      2.9    16.9    +      -       -      +
     78B  GLY      3.5     4.5    -      -       -      +
     79B  VAL      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     80B  THR*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
     82B  ASP*     1.3    72.9    +      -       -      +
     84B  TYR*     3.4     4.9    +      -       -      +
     85B  LYS*     3.0    54.6    +      -       +      +
     90B  ARG      4.7     0.7    -      -       -      +
     91B  LEU*     4.1     2.4    -      -       -      +
     92B  SER*     3.6    26.0    +      -       -      +
     97B  ASN*     2.7    32.4    +      -       -      -
     98B  ALA      5.6     0.7    -      -       -      -
    100B  ILE*     3.8    26.9    -      -       +      -
    144B  LEU*     4.5     2.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 82 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     35B  ARG*     2.7    43.6    +      -       -      +
     78B  GLY      2.9    14.9    +      -       -      +
     79B  VAL*     3.5     9.2    -      -       -      +
     81B  TYR*     1.3    82.2    -      -       -      +
     83B  TYR*     1.3    55.6    +      -       -      +
     85B  LYS*     4.7     2.2    -      -       -      +
     86B  ASN*     2.8    46.6    +      -       -      +
    179B  TYR*     3.6    19.1    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 83 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     79B  VAL      2.9    13.3    +      -       -      +
     80B  THR      3.5     6.5    -      -       -      +
     81B  TYR      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
     82B  ASP*     1.3    75.2    -      -       -      +
     84B  TYR*     1.3    73.3    +      +       -      +
     87B  VAL*     2.8    61.7    +      -       +      +
     88B  HIS*     2.8    37.9    +      +       -      -
    172B  PHE*     3.4    24.7    -      +       -      -
    175B  LEU*     3.6    33.4    -      -       +      +
    176B  VAL*     3.5    27.1    -      -       +      -
    179B  TYR*     3.7    34.0    -      -       +      -
    264B  GLY*     4.6     1.0    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 84 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     80B  THR*     3.1    39.5    +      -       +      +
     81B  TYR*     4.1     4.0    -      -       -      +
     83B  TYR*     1.3    94.4    -      +       -      +
     85B  LYS*     1.3    61.9    +      -       -      +
     88B  HIS*     3.1    25.0    +      +       -      +
     89B  ASN      3.1     6.6    +      -       -      -
     90B  ARG*     2.9    48.5    +      -       +      +
     92B  SER*     5.1     6.5    -      -       -      +
     93B  TYR*     6.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
    144B  LEU*     5.3     3.4    -      -       +      -
    145B  THR*     2.9    41.7    +      -       -      +
    148B  VAL*     3.9    25.2    -      -       +      +
    172B  PHE*     3.4    17.8    -      +       +      +
    176B  VAL*     4.9     1.8    -      -       +      -
    268B  TYR*     4.3    15.9    -      +       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 85 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     81B  TYR*     3.0    46.8    +      -       +      +
     82B  ASP*     4.0     2.5    -      -       -      +
     84B  TYR*     1.3    77.5    -      -       -      +
     86B  ASN*     1.3    73.7    +      -       -      +
     89B  ASN*     3.0    30.3    +      -       -      -
     90B  ARG      3.2    13.8    +      -       -      +
     91B  LEU*     3.7    26.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 86 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     82B  ASP*     2.8    31.2    +      -       -      +
     83B  TYR      4.4     0.2    -      -       -      +
     85B  LYS*     1.3    93.9    -      -       -      +
     87B  VAL*     1.3    61.1    +      -       +      +
     89B  ASN*     4.4     7.7    +      -       -      +
    179B  TYR*     3.0    29.6    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 87 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     83B  TYR*     2.8    52.4    +      -       +      +
     86B  ASN*     1.3    76.2    -      -       +      +
     88B  HIS*     1.3    82.2    +      -       +      +
     89B  ASN*     3.6     4.6    -      -       -      +
    179B  TYR*     4.0    19.7    -      -       +      -
    261B  ASP*     6.1     5.2    -      -       -      +
    264B  GLY*     6.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    265B  LYS*     4.6    17.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 88 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     83B  TYR*     2.8    45.5    +      +       -      -
     84B  TYR*     3.1    23.8    +      +       -      +
     87B  VAL*     1.3    91.8    +      -       +      +
     89B  ASN*     1.3    76.1    +      -       -      +
     90B  ARG*     3.1     3.5    +      -       +      +
    172B  PHE*     3.7     5.3    -      -       -      -
    264B  GLY*     3.6    30.5    -      -       -      -
    265B  LYS*     4.4     7.0    -      -       +      +
    268B  TYR*     3.6    49.6    +      +       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 89 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     85B  LYS*     3.0    22.5    +      -       -      -
     86B  ASN*     4.4     7.9    +      -       -      +
     87B  VAL      4.6     3.6    -      -       -      +
     88B  HIS*     1.3    81.3    -      -       -      +
     90B  ARG*     1.3    58.2    +      -       -      +
     91B  LEU*     4.2     7.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il