Contacts of the helix formed by residues 135 - 161 (chain A) in PDB entry 3VLN


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASN 135 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    133A  SER*     3.8     2.0    +      -       -      -
    134A  GLN*     1.3    84.0    -      -       -      +
    136A  LYS*     1.3    59.4    +      -       +      +
    137A  GLU*     3.0    22.0    +      -       -      +
    138A  ASP*     2.8    48.1    +      -       -      +
    139A  TYR*     3.1    27.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 136 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    135A  ASN*     1.3    73.0    -      -       +      +
    137A  GLU*     1.3    83.6    +      -       +      +
    139A  TYR*     3.6    12.8    -      -       +      +
    140A  ALA*     2.8    29.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 137 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    135A  ASN*     3.0    30.1    +      -       -      +
    136A  LYS*     1.3   100.5    -      -       +      +
    138A  ASP*     1.3    67.8    +      -       -      +
    140A  ALA*     3.3     7.1    +      -       -      +
    141A  GLY*     3.1    18.9    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 138 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    132A  ARG*     3.8    13.5    +      -       -      +
    133A  SER*     3.3    17.5    -      -       -      +
    134A  GLN*     3.1    33.1    +      -       -      +
    135A  ASN*     2.8    33.1    +      -       -      +
    137A  GLU*     1.3    73.9    -      -       -      +
    139A  TYR*     1.3    58.3    +      -       -      +
    141A  GLY*     3.4     1.4    +      -       -      -
    142A  LEU*     3.0    35.8    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 139 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    130A  PHE*     3.4    33.4    -      +       -      -
    133A  SER*     3.6     8.7    +      -       -      +
    135A  ASN      3.1    18.0    +      -       -      +
    136A  LYS*     3.6    12.1    -      -       +      +
    137A  GLU      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    138A  ASP*     1.3    74.1    -      -       -      +
    140A  ALA*     1.3    68.1    +      -       -      +
    142A  LEU*     3.3     1.1    +      -       -      +
    143A  LYS*     2.9    53.9    +      -       +      +
    188A  LYS*     2.6    38.7    +      -       +      +
    189A  LEU*     4.1     1.6    -      -       +      -
    191A  GLU*     3.1    23.1    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 140 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    136A  LYS      2.8    21.1    +      -       -      +
    137A  GLU*     3.3     8.7    +      -       -      +
    139A  TYR*     1.3    76.1    -      -       +      +
    141A  GLY*     1.3    60.0    +      -       -      +
    143A  LYS*     3.4    17.1    -      -       -      +
    144A  GLU*     3.3    18.2    +      -       -      +
    147A  ARG*     5.1     1.7    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 141 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    137A  GLU      3.1    13.6    +      -       -      -
    138A  ASP*     3.4     3.6    +      -       -      -
    139A  TYR      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    140A  ALA*     1.3    73.1    -      -       -      +
    142A  LEU*     1.3    69.7    +      -       -      +
    144A  GLU*     3.1     9.8    +      -       -      +
    145A  GLU*     3.1    24.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 142 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    126A  LEU*     5.2     1.3    -      -       +      +
    129A  SER*     4.0     7.4    -      -       -      +
    130A  PHE*     3.5    53.8    -      -       +      +
    132A  ARG*     3.7    22.4    -      -       -      +
    133A  SER*     4.0     6.1    -      -       -      +
    138A  ASP*     3.0    22.2    +      -       +      +
    139A  TYR      3.3     2.0    +      -       -      +
    141A  GLY*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
    143A  LYS*     1.3    62.5    +      -       -      +
    145A  GLU*     3.2    25.4    +      -       -      +
    146A  PHE*     2.9    37.9    +      -       +      -
    189A  LEU*     5.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 143 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    139A  TYR*     2.9    60.5    +      -       +      +
    140A  ALA*     3.4    15.5    -      -       -      +
    141A  GLY      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    142A  LEU*     1.3    77.8    -      -       -      +
    144A  GLU*     1.3    55.4    +      -       -      +
    147A  ARG*     2.9    53.3    +      -       -      +
    189A  LEU*     4.1     7.3    -      -       +      +
    191A  GLU*     4.1    19.0    +      -       +      +
    192A  CYS*     3.4    27.8    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 144 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    140A  ALA      3.3     8.0    +      -       -      +
    141A  GLY*     3.1    12.2    +      -       -      +
    143A  LYS*     1.3    74.7    -      -       -      +
    145A  GLU*     1.3    66.2    +      -       +      +
    147A  ARG*     3.1    36.3    +      -       -      +
    148A  LYS*     3.1    47.7    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 145 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    126A  LEU*     3.2    35.3    -      -       +      +
    129A  SER*     5.6     1.6    -      -       -      -
    141A  GLY      3.1    16.3    +      -       -      +
    142A  LEU*     3.2    28.0    +      -       -      +
    144A  GLU*     1.3    77.0    -      -       +      +
    146A  PHE*     1.3    62.6    +      -       -      +
    148A  LYS*     3.3     8.3    +      -       -      +
    149A  GLU*     3.3    26.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 146 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    123A  VAL*     4.5     9.4    -      -       +      -
    126A  LEU*     3.7    49.6    -      -       +      -
    127A  VAL*     3.7    21.8    -      -       +      -
    130A  PHE*     4.0    15.5    -      +       +      -
    142A  LEU*     2.9    35.1    +      -       +      +
    145A  GLU*     1.3    77.2    -      -       +      +
    147A  ARG*     1.3    58.0    +      -       -      +
    149A  GLU*     3.2     2.9    +      -       -      +
    150A  PHE*     2.8    56.1    +      +       +      -
    184A  LEU*     4.7     3.4    -      -       +      -
    189A  LEU*     3.4    35.9    -      -       +      -
    192A  CYS*     3.7    19.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 147 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    140A  ALA      5.1     1.8    +      -       -      -
    143A  LYS*     2.9    48.9    +      -       -      +
    144A  GLU*     3.1    46.2    +      -       -      +
    145A  GLU      3.3     0.4    -      -       -      -
    146A  PHE*     1.3    75.6    -      -       -      +
    148A  LYS*     1.3    74.0    +      -       -      +
    150A  PHE*     3.3     1.9    +      -       -      +
    151A  THR*     2.8    33.8    +      -       +      +
    191A  GLU      4.3    15.2    +      -       -      -
    192A  CYS*     4.0    23.7    +      -       -      +
    195A  HIS*     5.6    17.7    -      -       +      +
    196A  THR*     5.1     1.0    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 148 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    144A  GLU*     3.1    42.9    +      -       +      +
    145A  GLU*     3.6    10.8    -      -       -      +
    146A  PHE      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    147A  ARG*     1.3    97.3    -      -       -      +
    149A  GLU*     1.3    71.3    +      -       -      +
    151A  THR*     3.4    21.2    +      -       -      +
    152A  LYS*     3.4    17.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 149 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    119A  LEU      4.2     5.8    -      -       -      +
    122A  LYS*     3.7    34.0    -      -       +      +
    123A  VAL*     4.0    20.9    -      -       +      -
    126A  LEU*     3.7    20.7    -      -       +      +
    145A  GLU      3.4    14.4    -      -       -      +
    146A  PHE*     3.2     6.8    +      -       -      +
    148A  LYS*     1.3    81.2    -      -       -      +
    150A  PHE*     1.3    67.1    +      -       +      +
    152A  LYS*     3.0    50.4    +      -       -      +
    153A  LEU*     3.5    11.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 150 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    123A  VAL*     4.5    14.6    -      -       +      -
    146A  PHE*     2.8    42.9    +      +       +      +
    147A  ARG      3.3     3.8    +      -       -      +
    149A  GLU*     1.3    81.1    -      -       +      +
    151A  THR*     1.3    57.0    +      -       -      +
    153A  LEU*     3.1     9.7    +      -       +      +
    154A  GLU*     2.9    27.2    +      -       -      +
    181A  PHE*     3.7    26.2    -      +       -      -
    184A  LEU*     3.5    26.7    -      -       +      -
    189A  LEU      4.6     0.2    -      -       -      -
    192A  CYS*     3.5    40.8    -      -       +      +
    193A  VAL*     3.6    19.3    -      -       +      -
    196A  THR*     4.0    10.3    -      -       +      -
    199A  LEU*     3.6    16.7    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 151 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    147A  ARG*     2.8    30.2    +      -       +      +
    148A  LYS*     4.0    20.1    +      -       -      +
    149A  GLU      3.3     0.6    -      -       -      -
    150A  PHE*     1.3    75.3    -      -       -      +
    152A  LYS*     1.3    64.6    +      -       -      +
    154A  GLU*     3.6     9.6    -      -       -      +
    155A  GLU*     3.1    37.9    +      -       -      +
    195A  HIS*     5.8     3.8    -      -       +      +
    196A  THR*     4.0    11.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 152 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    118A  GLU      5.9     0.2    +      -       -      -
    119A  LEU*     3.7    47.4    +      -       +      +
    122A  LYS*     4.6    14.5    -      -       -      +
    148A  LYS*     3.4    17.3    +      -       +      +
    149A  GLU*     3.0    38.5    +      -       -      +
    151A  THR*     1.3    81.2    +      -       -      +
    153A  LEU*     1.3    62.2    +      -       +      +
    155A  GLU*     3.5    19.6    +      -       -      +
    156A  VAL*     3.6    16.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 153 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    116A  ILE*     4.2    21.8    -      -       +      +
    119A  LEU*     4.3    18.8    -      -       +      +
    120A  PHE*     4.3    22.7    -      -       +      +
    123A  VAL*     5.2     2.5    -      -       +      -
    149A  GLU      3.5    11.6    +      -       -      +
    150A  PHE*     3.1    14.4    +      -       +      +
    152A  LYS*     1.3    75.1    -      -       +      +
    154A  GLU*     1.3    66.0    +      -       -      +
    156A  VAL*     3.2    15.8    +      -       -      +
    157A  LEU*     3.3    10.2    +      -       -      +
    165A  PHE*     3.5    32.1    -      -       +      -
    177A  ILE*     4.8     4.3    -      -       +      -
    181A  PHE*     3.9    32.5    -      -       +      -
    199A  LEU*     4.4     7.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 154 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    150A  PHE      2.9    13.8    +      -       -      +
    151A  THR*     3.4    11.0    +      -       -      +
    153A  LEU*     1.3    74.8    -      -       -      +
    155A  GLU*     1.3    60.2    +      -       +      +
    157A  LEU*     3.3     6.6    +      -       -      +
    158A  THR*     2.9    38.5    +      -       -      +
    195A  HIS      5.0     2.0    -      -       -      +
    196A  THR*     3.2    27.1    -      -       +      -
    197A  PRO*     3.2    14.3    -      -       +      +
    198A  LYS*     2.9    35.3    +      -       -      +
    199A  LEU*     2.8    32.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 155 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    151A  THR*     3.1    27.7    +      -       -      +
    152A  LYS*     3.7    13.6    -      -       -      +
    153A  LEU      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
    154A  GLU*     1.3    79.6    -      -       +      +
    156A  VAL*     1.3    60.7    +      -       -      +
    158A  THR*     3.3     9.6    +      -       -      +
    159A  ASN*     3.3    22.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 156 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    116A  ILE*     3.7    31.2    -      -       +      -
    119A  LEU*     3.5    32.3    -      -       +      -
    152A  LYS      3.7     8.3    -      -       -      +
    153A  LEU*     3.2    10.3    +      -       -      +
    155A  GLU*     1.3    77.9    -      -       +      +
    157A  LEU*     1.3    64.4    +      -       +      +
    159A  ASN*     3.5     3.0    +      -       -      +
    160A  LYS*     3.2    37.4    +      -       +      +
    165A  PHE*     3.9    14.1    -      -       +      -
    906A  GOL      4.0    15.5    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 157 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    153A  LEU      3.3     4.2    +      -       -      +
    154A  GLU*     3.3     7.9    +      -       -      +
    156A  VAL*     1.3    81.4    -      -       +      +
    158A  THR*     1.3    55.9    +      -       -      +
    160A  LYS*     4.6     3.8    -      -       +      -
    161A  LYS*     2.9    30.1    +      -       -      -
    162A  THR*     4.2    14.4    +      -       -      +
    163A  THR      4.6     3.4    -      -       -      +
    164A  PHE*     3.9    23.6    -      -       -      +
    165A  PHE*     3.6    47.8    -      -       +      -
    198A  LYS*     3.7    46.2    -      -       +      +
    199A  LEU*     3.9     9.9    -      -       +      +
    202A  TRP*     4.1     9.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 158 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    154A  GLU*     2.9    28.8    +      -       -      +
    155A  GLU*     3.5    10.2    -      -       -      +
    156A  VAL      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    157A  LEU*     1.3    76.5    -      -       -      +
    159A  ASN*     1.3    60.8    +      -       -      +
    161A  LYS*     3.0    35.4    +      -       -      +
    198A  LYS*     3.8    28.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 159 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    155A  GLU      3.3    12.1    +      -       -      +
    156A  VAL*     4.1     3.6    -      -       -      +
    158A  THR*     1.3    81.7    -      -       -      +
    160A  LYS*     1.3    71.5    +      -       +      +
    161A  LYS*     3.4     9.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 160 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    116A  ILE*     5.2     1.6    -      -       +      -
    156A  VAL*     3.2    31.0    +      -       +      +
    157A  LEU*     4.1     3.1    -      -       -      +
    159A  ASN*     1.3    84.6    -      -       -      +
    161A  LYS*     1.3    68.7    +      -       -      +
    162A  THR*     3.2    38.4    +      -       +      +
    164A  PHE      4.8     0.7    -      -       -      +
    165A  PHE*     3.5    26.9    +      -       -      +
    166A  GLY*     4.1    11.3    +      -       -      -
    167A  GLY*     3.8    10.2    -      -       -      +
    906A  GOL      5.2     4.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 161 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    157A  LEU      2.9    14.1    +      -       -      +
    158A  THR*     3.0    26.3    +      -       -      +
    159A  ASN*     3.9     8.7    +      -       -      +
    160A  LYS*     1.3    79.7    -      -       -      +
    162A  THR*     1.3    60.8    +      -       -      +
    163A  THR      4.3     0.2    +      -       -      -
    168A  ASN*     4.6     1.6    -      -       -      +
    198A  LYS*     5.5    14.1    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il