Contacts of the helix formed by residues 123 - 150 (chain A) in PDB entry 3W8I


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASP 123 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    119A  ASP      5.6     1.3    +      -       -      +
    120A  GLU*     2.9     8.9    +      -       -      +
    121A  ILE      3.2     1.5    -      -       -      -
    122A  ASN*     1.3    79.0    -      -       -      +
    124A  ARG*     1.3    60.7    +      -       -      +
    125A  VAL*     3.3    21.5    +      -       -      +
    126A  ARG*     3.2    37.4    +      -       +      +
    127A  PHE*     2.9    26.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 124 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    121A  ILE      4.4     6.9    +      -       -      -
    122A  ASN      4.0     3.4    +      -       -      -
    123A  ASP*     1.3    73.7    +      -       -      +
    125A  VAL*     1.3    58.5    +      -       +      +
    127A  PHE*     4.3    11.2    -      -       -      -
    128A  LEU*     2.9    50.9    +      -       +      +
    181A  TYR*     3.5    37.2    +      -       -      -
    182A  PHE*     3.4    35.0    +      -       -      +
    185A  GLY*     5.8     2.8    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 125 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    123A  ASP*     3.3    11.4    -      -       -      +
    124A  ARG*     1.3    77.8    -      -       +      +
    126A  ARG*     1.3    66.0    +      -       +      +
    128A  LEU*     3.1    11.8    +      -       +      +
    129A  GLN*     3.0    21.6    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 126 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    119A  ASP      5.1     2.9    -      -       -      -
    120A  GLU*     3.6    33.6    -      -       +      +
    123A  ASP*     3.2    35.3    +      -       -      +
    125A  VAL*     1.3    80.0    -      -       +      +
    127A  PHE*     1.3    52.9    +      -       -      +
    129A  GLN*     3.0    11.3    +      -       -      +
    130A  THR*     2.7    34.6    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 127 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    117A  ILE*     4.3    21.3    -      -       +      -
    120A  GLU*     3.3    14.5    +      -       +      +
    121A  ILE*     3.8    41.7    -      -       +      +
    123A  ASP      2.9    12.2    +      -       -      +
    124A  ARG*     3.9    13.7    -      -       -      +
    126A  ARG*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
    128A  LEU*     1.3    58.1    +      -       -      +
    130A  THR*     3.0    17.0    +      -       +      -
    131A  ILE*     2.9    50.6    +      -       +      +
    134A  ILE*     5.9     1.1    -      -       +      -
    174A  PHE*     6.0     0.4    -      +       -      -
    178A  LEU*     3.8    22.4    -      -       +      -
    181A  TYR*     3.6    32.3    -      +       -      -
    182A  PHE*     4.0     7.4    -      +       -      -
    190A  VAL*     4.3     4.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 128 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    124A  ARG*     2.9    39.6    +      -       +      +
    125A  VAL*     3.1     9.4    +      -       +      +
    127A  PHE*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
    129A  GLN*     1.3    60.0    +      -       -      +
    131A  ILE*     3.7     9.7    +      -       +      +
    132A  LYS*     3.5    26.1    +      -       -      +
    182A  PHE*     4.2    26.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 129 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    120A  GLU*     6.0     0.2    -      -       -      +
    125A  VAL*     3.0    12.0    +      -       +      +
    126A  ARG*     3.0    12.8    +      -       -      +
    128A  LEU*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
    130A  THR*     1.3    64.6    +      -       -      +
    132A  LYS*     3.2    29.5    +      -       -      +
    133A  ASP*     2.8    57.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 130 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    113A  ILE*     4.3    14.8    -      -       +      +
    117A  ILE*     4.3    16.4    -      -       +      -
    120A  GLU*     2.1    42.8    +      -       +      +
    126A  ARG      2.7    14.0    +      -       -      -
    127A  PHE*     3.0    20.2    +      -       +      -
    129A  GLN*     1.3    76.0    -      -       -      +
    131A  ILE*     1.3    57.9    +      -       -      +
    133A  ASP*     3.2    10.4    +      -       -      +
    134A  ILE*     2.9    51.7    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 131 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    127A  PHE*     2.9    36.8    +      -       +      +
    128A  LEU*     3.9    13.9    -      -       +      +
    129A  GLN      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
    130A  THR*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
    132A  LYS*     1.3    59.7    +      -       +      +
    134A  ILE*     3.2    10.8    +      -       +      +
    135A  ALA*     2.9    29.8    +      -       +      +
    178A  LEU*     3.8    29.2    -      -       +      -
    182A  PHE*     3.5    38.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 132 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    128A  LEU      3.5    18.1    +      -       -      +
    129A  GLN*     3.2    30.4    +      -       -      +
    131A  ILE*     1.3    78.7    -      -       +      +
    133A  ASP*     1.3    63.6    +      -       -      +
    135A  ALA*     3.3     7.5    +      -       -      +
    136A  SER*     2.9    24.1    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 133 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    113A  ILE*     3.8    24.3    -      -       +      +
    120A  GLU*     5.4     1.2    -      -       -      +
    129A  GLN*     2.8    48.2    +      -       -      +
    130A  THR*     3.2    11.4    +      -       -      +
    132A  LYS*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
    134A  ILE*     1.3    56.6    +      -       -      +
    136A  SER*     3.3     7.7    +      -       -      -
    137A  ALA*     2.9    28.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 134 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    110A  LEU*     4.6     3.1    -      -       +      -
    113A  ILE*     3.6    19.7    -      -       +      -
    114A  LEU*     3.9    21.3    -      -       +      -
    117A  ILE*     3.9    12.3    -      -       +      -
    127A  PHE*     5.9     1.3    -      -       +      -
    130A  THR*     2.9    32.0    +      -       +      +
    131A  ILE*     3.2    10.3    +      -       +      +
    133A  ASP*     1.3    72.1    -      -       -      +
    135A  ALA*     1.3    67.4    +      -       -      +
    137A  ALA*     3.2     5.3    +      -       -      +
    138A  ILE*     2.9    44.9    +      -       +      +
    174A  PHE*     3.8    38.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 135 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    131A  ILE*     2.9    15.4    +      -       +      +
    132A  LYS*     3.3    11.4    +      -       -      +
    134A  ILE*     1.3    76.5    -      -       -      +
    136A  SER*     1.3    57.8    +      -       -      +
    138A  ILE*     3.4     7.5    +      -       -      +
    139A  LYS*     2.9    30.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 136 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    132A  LYS      2.9    14.0    +      -       -      -
    133A  ASP*     3.5    11.2    -      -       -      -
    135A  ALA*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
    137A  ALA*     1.3    57.6    +      -       -      +
    139A  LYS*     3.3     8.3    +      -       -      +
    140A  GLU*     2.9    44.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 137 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    106A  LYS*     5.0     3.2    -      -       -      +
    109A  ALA*     4.9     4.0    -      -       +      -
    110A  LEU*     4.1    27.6    -      -       +      +
    113A  ILE*     3.7    21.5    -      -       +      -
    133A  ASP      2.9    17.2    +      -       -      +
    134A  ILE*     3.7     5.2    -      -       -      +
    136A  SER*     1.3    76.0    -      -       -      +
    138A  ILE*     1.3    57.4    +      -       -      +
    140A  GLU*     3.4     7.8    +      -       -      +
    141A  LEU*     2.9    29.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 138 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    110A  LEU*     4.0    21.1    -      -       +      -
    134A  ILE*     2.9    37.0    +      -       +      +
    135A  ALA*     3.7     6.5    -      -       -      +
    137A  ALA*     1.3    73.6    -      -       -      +
    139A  LYS*     1.3    67.0    +      -       -      +
    141A  LEU*     3.3     6.4    +      -       -      +
    142A  LEU*     2.9    40.9    +      -       +      +
    167A  PHE*     4.0     4.9    -      -       +      -
    171A  SER*     3.7    31.0    -      -       -      +
    174A  PHE*     5.2     3.4    -      -       +      -
    197A  LEU*     3.9    20.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 139 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    135A  ALA      2.9    17.4    +      -       -      +
    136A  SER*     3.4     9.4    -      -       -      +
    138A  ILE*     1.3    78.6    -      -       -      +
    140A  GLU*     1.3    63.1    +      -       +      +
    142A  LEU*     3.4     8.5    +      -       -      +
    143A  ASP*     2.9    57.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 140 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    106A  LYS*     3.4    33.1    +      -       +      +
    136A  SER*     2.9    31.4    +      -       -      +
    137A  ALA*     3.9     6.2    -      -       -      +
    139A  LYS*     1.3    78.6    -      -       +      +
    141A  LEU*     1.3    61.5    +      -       -      +
    143A  ASP*     3.2    13.2    +      -       -      +
    144A  THR*     2.9    32.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 141 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    103A  LEU*     3.8    22.4    -      -       +      -
    106A  LYS*     3.6    27.9    -      -       +      +
    107A  ALA*     3.6    20.6    -      -       +      +
    110A  LEU*     4.6     7.2    -      -       +      -
    137A  ALA      2.9    18.5    +      -       -      +
    138A  ILE*     3.3     7.6    +      -       -      +
    140A  GLU*     1.3    75.6    -      -       -      +
    142A  LEU*     1.3    58.1    +      -       -      +
    144A  THR*     3.2     4.8    +      -       -      -
    145A  VAL*     2.9    44.4    +      -       +      +
    167A  PHE*     3.5    39.0    -      -       +      -
    201A  THR*     5.3     4.0    -      -       +      +
    204A  ILE*     5.1     8.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 142 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    138A  ILE*     2.9    37.0    +      -       +      +
    139A  LYS*     3.6     7.9    -      -       -      +
    141A  LEU*     1.3    74.2    -      -       -      +
    143A  ASP*     1.3    66.7    +      -       -      +
    145A  VAL*     3.2     8.8    +      -       +      +
    146A  ASN*     2.9    32.4    +      -       -      +
    164A  LYS*     4.3    23.1    -      -       +      -
    167A  PHE*     4.0    19.3    -      -       +      -
    168A  VAL*     3.8    31.2    -      -       +      -
    171A  SER*     5.5     1.1    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 143 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    139A  LYS*     2.9    53.2    +      -       -      +
    140A  GLU*     3.2    17.2    -      -       -      +
    142A  LEU*     1.3    75.4    -      -       -      +
    144A  THR*     1.3    59.0    +      -       -      +
    146A  ASN*     3.2    14.9    +      -       -      +
    147A  ASN*     2.9    36.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 144 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     99A  GLU*     3.7     9.4    -      -       -      +
    102A  ASP*     3.4    20.0    +      -       +      -
    103A  LEU*     3.3    42.8    -      -       +      +
    106A  LYS*     3.5    17.5    -      -       -      +
    140A  GLU      2.9    13.5    +      -       -      -
    141A  LEU*     3.4     9.9    -      -       -      -
    143A  ASP*     1.3    75.6    -      -       -      +
    145A  VAL*     1.3    60.7    +      -       -      +
    147A  ASN*     3.1    12.9    +      -       +      +
    148A  VAL*     2.9    26.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 145 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    103A  LEU*     4.5     7.9    -      -       +      -
    141A  LEU*     2.9    35.8    +      -       +      +
    142A  LEU*     3.2    11.4    +      -       +      +
    144A  THR*     1.3    74.7    -      -       -      +
    146A  ASN*     1.3    64.8    +      -       -      +
    148A  VAL*     3.0    12.1    +      -       -      +
    149A  PHE*     3.0    38.5    +      -       +      -
    164A  LYS*     4.4    17.9    -      -       +      -
    167A  PHE*     6.1     0.4    -      -       +      -
    204A  ILE*     4.4    20.6    -      -       +      -
    208A  PHE*     3.6    23.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 146 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    142A  LEU*     2.9    23.0    +      -       -      +
    143A  ASP*     3.3    14.8    +      -       -      +
    145A  VAL*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
    147A  ASN*     1.3    64.0    +      -       -      +
    149A  PHE*     3.3    20.1    +      -       -      +
    150A  LYS*     3.5    16.7    +      -       -      +
    164A  LYS*     3.0    37.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 147 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     99A  GLU*     3.6    23.4    -      -       +      +
    102A  ASP*     4.5    10.3    +      -       -      +
    143A  ASP*     2.9    26.9    +      -       -      +
    144A  THR*     3.1    13.6    +      -       +      +
    146A  ASN*     1.3    75.4    -      -       -      +
    148A  VAL*     1.3    64.2    +      -       -      +
    150A  LYS*     3.3    44.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 148 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     99A  GLU*     3.9    33.8    -      -       +      +
    100A  PHE*     4.0    20.6    -      -       +      -
    103A  LEU*     4.2    12.6    -      -       +      -
    144A  THR      2.9    21.2    +      -       -      +
    145A  VAL*     3.0     8.0    +      -       -      +
    147A  ASN*     1.3    78.0    -      -       -      +
    149A  PHE*     1.3    65.7    +      -       +      +
    150A  LYS      3.0     6.8    +      -       -      -
    208A  PHE*     3.5    34.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 149 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    145A  VAL*     3.0    26.6    +      -       +      -
    146A  ASN*     3.3    19.4    +      -       -      +
    148A  VAL*     1.3    79.5    -      -       +      +
    150A  LYS*     1.3    58.0    +      -       -      +
    160A  LEU*     3.2    51.4    -      -       +      -
    161A  GLU*     3.9    20.6    -      -       +      -
    164A  LYS*     3.9    19.3    -      -       +      -
    208A  PHE*     3.4    31.6    -      +       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 150 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     99A  GLU*     6.1     0.9    -      -       -      -
    146A  ASN*     3.7     7.4    -      -       -      +
    147A  ASN*     3.3    46.8    +      -       -      +
    148A  VAL      3.0     7.8    +      -       -      +
    149A  PHE*     1.3    82.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il