Contacts of the helix formed by residues 162 - 184 (chain B) in PDB entry 4DHI


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASP 162 (chain B).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    158B  THR*     3.2    12.0    +      -       +      +
    159B  ILE*     3.2    12.0    +      -       -      +
    161B  ASN*     1.3    76.5    -      -       -      +
    163B  ASP*     1.3    68.6    +      -       -      +
    164B  GLY*     3.1     6.3    +      -       -      -
    165B  SER*     3.1    31.9    +      -       -      +
    166B  ALA*     2.7    24.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASP 163 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     43B  LEU*     3.5    27.0    -      -       -      +
     83B  ARG*     4.2    13.7    +      -       -      -
    161B  ASN      3.6     5.0    +      -       -      -
    162B  ASP*     1.3    72.2    +      -       -      +
    164B  GLY*     1.3    58.5    +      -       -      +
    167B  ASN*     2.9    47.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLY 164 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    162B  ASP*     3.2     8.1    +      -       -      -
    163B  ASP*     1.3    78.7    -      -       -      +
    165B  SER*     1.3    61.5    +      -       -      +
    167B  ASN*     4.0     1.9    -      -       -      +
    168B  TYR*     3.1    32.7    +      -       -      -
     64D  MET*     5.7     2.6    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with SER 165 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    138B  PHE*     3.6    26.1    -      -       -      -
    159B  ILE*     3.7    32.3    -      -       -      +
    162B  ASP*     3.1    19.8    +      -       -      -
    164B  GLY*     1.3    74.9    -      -       -      +
    166B  ALA*     1.3    64.1    +      -       -      +
    168B  TYR*     3.3     2.8    +      -       -      +
    169B  ILE*     3.0    28.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 166 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     43B  LEU*     3.8     9.2    -      -       +      -
     91B  ARG*     3.7    17.1    +      -       -      +
     94B  LEU*     5.1     1.6    -      -       -      +
    159B  ILE      3.7     2.9    +      -       -      -
    160B  LEU*     3.3    33.9    -      -       +      +
    162B  ASP      2.7    23.4    +      -       -      +
    163B  ASP      4.1     0.2    -      -       -      +
    165B  SER*     1.3    74.7    -      -       -      +
    167B  ASN*     1.3    57.9    +      -       -      +
    169B  ILE*     3.4     9.2    +      -       -      +
    170B  LEU*     2.9    27.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASN 167 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     43B  LEU*     5.1     1.8    -      -       -      +
     87B  ASN*     4.4     0.5    +      -       -      -
     91B  ARG*     3.1    30.0    +      -       -      +
    163B  ASP*     2.9    36.7    +      -       -      +
    164B  GLY      4.2     1.6    -      -       -      +
    166B  ALA*     1.3    74.3    -      -       -      +
    168B  TYR*     1.3    61.1    +      -       -      +
    170B  LEU*     3.8     4.0    -      -       -      +
    171B  MET*     2.9    29.3    +      -       -      +
    209B  MET*     3.7    22.5    -      -       +      +
    210B  TRP*     4.0    24.5    -      -       -      -
     64D  MET*     3.7    21.6    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with TYR 168 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    134B  ASP*     4.8    13.3    -      -       +      +
    135B  PHE*     3.3    48.0    -      +       -      +
    138B  PHE*     3.7    41.5    -      +       +      -
    164B  GLY*     3.1    22.0    +      -       -      +
    165B  SER      3.3     8.0    +      -       -      +
    167B  ASN*     1.3    75.6    -      -       -      +
    169B  ILE*     1.3    62.7    +      -       -      +
    171B  MET*     3.3    11.8    +      -       -      +
    172B  PHE*     3.4    10.0    +      -       -      +
      7D  ARG*     4.5    12.8    -      -       -      +
     63D  PRO*     3.6    28.6    -      -       +      +
     64D  MET*     3.7    16.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ILE 169 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     94B  LEU*     4.1    26.7    -      -       +      -
     98B  ILE*     4.8     1.6    -      -       +      -
    138B  PHE*     4.0    17.3    -      -       +      -
    139B  PHE*     3.8    35.2    -      -       +      -
    142B  PHE*     3.8    32.1    -      -       +      -
    159B  ILE*     4.1    18.6    -      -       +      -
    160B  LEU*     4.2     9.2    -      -       +      -
    165B  SER      3.0    22.2    +      -       -      +
    166B  ALA*     3.7     4.9    -      -       -      +
    167B  ASN      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    168B  TYR*     1.3    72.1    -      -       -      +
    170B  LEU*     1.3    67.2    +      -       -      +
    172B  PHE*     3.2    15.4    +      -       -      +
    173B  PHE*     3.4    13.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 170 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     87B  ASN*     3.6    23.1    -      -       +      +
     90B  TYR*     3.8    16.2    -      -       +      -
     91B  ARG*     3.6    55.9    -      -       +      +
     94B  LEU*     3.8    12.3    -      -       +      +
    166B  ALA      2.9    17.8    +      -       -      +
    167B  ASN*     3.8     8.1    -      -       -      +
    168B  TYR      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    169B  ILE*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
    171B  MET*     1.3    63.2    +      -       -      +
    173B  PHE*     3.0    13.9    +      -       -      +
    174B  ARG*     3.1    36.6    +      -       +      +
    209B  MET*     3.9     9.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with MET 171 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    135B  PHE*     3.9    33.9    -      -       +      -
    167B  ASN      2.9    18.2    +      -       -      +
    168B  TYR      3.6     6.3    -      -       -      +
    169B  ILE      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
    170B  LEU*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
    172B  PHE*     1.3    62.4    +      -       -      +
    174B  ARG*     3.1    10.6    +      -       +      +
    175B  LEU*     2.9    51.5    +      -       +      +
    207B  GLU*     3.3    27.4    -      -       -      +
    209B  MET*     3.9    15.3    -      -       -      +
     64D  MET*     4.4     1.3    -      -       +      -
     96D  SER*     3.7    15.7    -      -       -      +
     97D  PRO*     3.7    22.2    -      -       +      -
     98D  ALA*     4.4     5.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with PHE 172 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    111B  PHE*     5.2     1.8    -      +       -      -
    115B  SER*     3.7    38.4    -      -       -      -
    118B  TRP*     4.4     2.2    -      +       +      -
    135B  PHE*     4.3     8.4    -      -       -      +
    136B  CYS*     3.8    42.0    -      -       -      -
    139B  PHE*     3.3    44.0    -      +       +      -
    140B  ILE*     5.5     0.4    -      -       +      -
    168B  TYR      3.4     4.5    +      -       -      +
    169B  ILE      3.2    10.8    +      -       -      +
    171B  MET*     1.3    77.3    -      -       -      +
    173B  PHE*     1.3    69.6    +      +       -      +
    175B  LEU*     3.2    12.5    +      -       +      +
    176B  ILE*     3.0    64.2    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with PHE 173 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     90B  TYR*     4.3    13.9    -      -       +      +
     93B  ILE*     5.5     1.1    -      -       +      -
     94B  LEU*     3.6    35.2    -      -       +      -
     97B  LEU*     3.8    25.1    -      -       +      -
     98B  ILE*     5.9     1.6    -      -       +      -
    111B  PHE*     4.2    14.6    -      +       -      -
    139B  PHE*     3.6    39.3    -      +       -      -
    169B  ILE*     3.4    17.7    -      -       +      -
    170B  LEU*     3.0     8.9    +      -       -      +
    172B  PHE*     1.3    80.7    -      +       -      +
    174B  ARG*     1.3    64.4    +      -       -      +
    176B  ILE*     3.6    18.6    -      -       +      +
    177B  THR*     2.7    30.5    +      -       -      -
    221B  LEU*     3.8    24.9    -      -       +      -
    225B  ALA*     4.5     1.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ARG 174 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     86B  GLY      3.1    10.7    +      -       -      -
     87B  ASN*     2.9    28.5    +      -       -      -
     90B  TYR*     3.4    38.1    +      -       +      -
    170B  LEU*     3.1    17.8    +      -       +      +
    171B  MET*     3.1    18.0    +      -       +      +
    173B  PHE*     1.3    75.7    -      -       -      +
    175B  LEU*     1.3    63.7    +      -       -      +
    177B  THR*     3.4     0.9    +      -       -      -
    178B  SER*     3.0    20.1    +      -       -      -
    206B  ILE*     2.9    42.7    +      -       -      +
    207B  GLU*     4.0     6.9    -      -       -      +
    208B  PRO      3.1    20.1    +      -       -      -
    209B  MET*     3.7    19.0    -      -       -      +
    211B  LYS*     2.9    35.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 175 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    122B  LEU*     3.9    19.9    -      -       +      +
    127B  PHE*     4.0    16.7    -      -       +      -
    132B  CYS*     3.8    41.7    -      -       +      +
    135B  PHE*     4.0    31.6    -      -       +      -
    136B  CYS*     5.0     1.8    -      -       -      -
    171B  MET*     2.9    35.9    +      -       +      +
    172B  PHE*     3.2    10.5    +      -       +      +
    174B  ARG*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
    176B  ILE*     1.3    58.1    +      -       +      +
    178B  SER*     3.3     5.7    +      -       -      -
    179B  ALA*     2.8    28.6    +      -       -      +
    207B  GLU*     5.1     5.4    -      -       +      -
     98D  ALA*     4.5     5.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ILE 176 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    111B  PHE*     5.7     2.2    -      -       +      -
    118B  TRP*     3.5    41.9    -      -       +      +
    122B  LEU*     5.3     3.8    -      -       +      -
    172B  PHE*     3.0    51.0    +      -       +      +
    173B  PHE*     3.6    26.5    -      -       +      +
    175B  LEU*     1.3    74.5    -      -       +      +
    177B  THR*     1.3    64.2    +      -       -      +
    179B  ALA*     3.7     6.9    -      -       -      +
    180B  PHE*     2.9    30.8    +      -       -      +
    221B  LEU*     5.0     1.1    -      -       +      -
    224B  ALA*     3.6    31.7    -      -       +      +
    225B  ALA*     4.2     7.4    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with THR 177 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     90B  TYR*     3.7    11.3    -      -       -      +
    173B  PHE      2.7    22.8    +      -       -      -
    174B  ARG      3.6     4.7    -      -       -      -
    176B  ILE*     1.3    77.6    -      -       -      +
    178B  SER*     1.3    61.8    +      -       -      +
    180B  PHE*     3.4     3.4    +      -       -      +
    181B  LEU*     3.2    23.4    +      -       +      +
    206B  ILE*     3.8    23.3    -      -       +      -
    217B  ALA      3.7    11.9    -      -       -      +
    220B  SER*     3.8     6.8    -      -       -      -
    221B  LEU*     3.4    40.3    -      -       +      +
    224B  ALA*     4.4     7.4    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with SER 178 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    127B  PHE*     3.5     4.9    -      -       -      -
    174B  ARG      3.0    16.8    +      -       -      -
    175B  LEU      3.6     4.0    -      -       -      -
    177B  THR*     1.3    74.7    -      -       -      +
    179B  ALA*     1.3    58.4    +      -       -      +
    181B  LEU*     3.1     4.7    +      -       -      +
    182B  LYS*     2.9    35.9    +      -       -      +
    202B  CYS*     3.2    21.0    -      -       -      +
    206B  ILE*     3.7     8.2    -      -       -      +
    207B  GLU*     2.6    39.3    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 179 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    118B  TRP*     3.5    23.6    -      -       +      -
    122B  LEU*     3.5    24.0    -      -       +      -
    125B  LEU*     3.5    16.0    -      -       +      +
    127B  PHE*     3.7     8.4    -      -       -      -
    175B  LEU      2.8    20.5    +      -       -      +
    176B  ILE*     3.7     2.5    -      -       -      +
    178B  SER*     1.3    71.3    +      -       -      +
    180B  PHE*     1.3    57.0    +      -       -      +
    182B  LYS*     3.2     1.2    +      -       -      +
    183B  GLN*     2.8    32.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with PHE 180 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    118B  TRP*     3.9    16.3    -      +       +      -
    176B  ILE      2.9    22.5    +      -       -      +
    177B  THR      3.7     4.5    -      -       -      +
    178B  SER      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    179B  ALA*     1.3    73.4    -      -       -      +
    181B  LEU*     1.3    64.4    +      -       -      +
    183B  GLN*     4.5     1.8    -      -       -      -
    184B  ASN*     2.9    51.6    +      -       -      +
    188B  TYR*     3.7    31.6    -      +       -      -
    220B  SER*     4.0    26.0    -      -       -      +
    223B  LYS*     3.6    37.5    -      -       +      -
    224B  ALA*     3.8    19.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 181 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    177B  THR      3.2    12.5    +      -       -      +
    178B  SER      3.1     8.1    +      -       -      +
    180B  PHE*     1.3    80.5    -      -       -      +
    182B  LYS*     1.3    56.9    +      -       -      +
    184B  ASN      3.2     4.0    -      -       -      +
    185B  SER*     2.9    29.5    +      -       -      -
    188B  TYR*     3.8    34.1    -      -       +      -
    198B  VAL*     3.7    10.7    -      -       +      +
    201B  TYR*     3.7    27.1    -      -       +      +
    202B  CYS*     3.7    16.8    -      -       -      -
    206B  ILE*     4.2    11.9    -      -       +      -
    216B  LEU*     4.0    17.0    -      -       +      +
    220B  SER*     3.3    30.1    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LYS 182 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    125B  LEU*     4.5    21.0    +      -       +      +
    127B  PHE*     3.8    29.9    -      -       +      +
    178B  SER*     2.9    28.6    +      -       -      +
    179B  ALA*     3.8     4.5    -      -       -      +
    181B  LEU*     1.3    75.3    -      -       -      +
    183B  GLN*     1.3    62.6    +      -       -      +
    185B  SER*     3.4    23.7    +      -       -      -
    198B  VAL*     4.4     2.0    -      -       +      -
    199B  ALA*     4.3    22.1    -      -       +      +
    202B  CYS*     3.8    18.8    -      -       -      -
    203B  GLU*     4.9    10.3    +      -       -      +
    207B  GLU*     3.0    21.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLN 183 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    118B  TRP*     4.1    14.0    -      -       -      -
    121B  THR*     3.6    30.2    +      -       -      +
    124B  GLU*     5.5     2.0    +      -       -      -
    125B  LEU*     4.1    19.1    -      -       +      +
    179B  ALA      2.8    17.5    +      -       -      +
    180B  PHE*     3.9     5.0    -      -       -      +
    182B  LYS*     1.3    77.5    -      -       -      +
    184B  ASN*     1.3    71.3    +      -       -      +
    185B  SER      3.5     0.7    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASN 184 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    180B  PHE*     2.9    56.5    +      -       -      +
    181B  LEU      3.2     4.3    -      -       -      -
    183B  GLN*     1.3    91.9    +      -       -      +
    185B  SER*     1.3    61.7    +      -       -      +
    186B  GLU*     3.3     3.4    -      -       -      -
    187B  GLU*     3.0    26.7    +      -       +      +
    188B  TYR*     3.2    30.5    +      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page


A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il