Contacts of the helix formed by residues 97 - 132 (chain A) in PDB entry 4DYL
Residue contacts within the protein are
derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A.,
Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated
analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins.
Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A
short description of the analytical approach
is given at the end of the page.
Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue
codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify
and analyse, use LPC software
Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/- - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
* - indicates residues forming contacts by their side chain
(including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with GLY 97 (chain A).
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
93A ASP 2.9 12.4 + - - -
95A ASN 3.4 1.4 - - - -
96A SER* 1.3 76.1 + - - +
98A PRO* 1.3 72.9 - - - +
99A LEU 3.4 0.7 - - - -
100A SER* 2.6 19.8 + - - -
101A LYS* 3.0 23.7 + - - +
229A GLU* 4.5 7.4 - - - -
233A ILE* 5.2 0.2 - - - -
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Residues in contact with PRO 98 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
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34A MET* 4.3 6.5 - - - -
93A ASP 3.7 0.2 - - - +
94A LEU* 3.5 32.3 - - + +
97A GLY* 1.3 84.9 - - - +
99A LEU* 1.3 55.0 + - - +
101A LYS* 4.2 6.1 - - + -
102A LEU* 2.8 30.7 + - - +
226A ILE* 3.8 32.0 - - + +
229A GLU* 3.8 16.4 - - + +
230A TYR 4.0 13.5 - - - +
233A ILE* 3.6 21.5 - - + -
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Residues in contact with LEU 99 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
31A ARG* 4.5 22.2 - - + +
34A MET* 4.3 12.9 - - + -
35A ALA* 3.8 34.3 - - + +
38A VAL* 4.0 12.1 - - + -
94A LEU* 3.2 18.5 + - + +
95A ASN* 3.8 27.1 - - - +
98A PRO* 1.3 76.4 - - - +
100A SER* 1.3 60.0 + - - +
102A LEU* 3.5 6.7 + - - +
103A SER* 3.0 40.0 + - - +
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Residues in contact with SER 100 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
95A ASN 3.6 9.7 + - - -
96A SER* 2.7 21.8 + - - -
97A GLY 2.6 20.6 + - - -
99A LEU* 1.3 76.9 - - - +
101A LYS* 1.3 64.4 + - - +
103A SER* 3.1 9.7 + - - +
104A LEU* 3.0 22.0 + - - +
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Residues in contact with LYS 101 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
97A GLY* 3.0 22.8 + - - +
98A PRO* 3.8 4.9 - - + +
100A SER* 1.3 76.9 + - - +
102A LEU* 1.3 64.0 + - - +
104A LEU* 3.2 9.0 + - - +
105A LEU* 2.9 22.3 + - - +
222A ILE* 5.9 1.5 - - + +
226A ILE* 4.2 17.9 - - + -
229A GLU* 2.7 38.3 + - - +
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Residues in contact with LEU 102 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
27A LEU* 3.8 38.1 - - + +
30A MET* 3.6 19.7 - - + +
31A ARG* 3.3 44.4 - - + +
34A MET* 4.2 13.5 - - + -
98A PRO 2.8 17.7 + - - +
99A LEU* 3.6 5.2 - - - +
101A LYS* 1.3 76.0 - - - +
103A SER* 1.3 62.4 + - - +
105A LEU* 3.1 9.2 + - + +
106A ILE* 3.0 27.0 + - + +
223A LEU* 4.2 13.0 - - + -
226A ILE* 3.9 11.5 - - + +
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Residues in contact with SER 103 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
31A ARG* 3.7 18.5 - - - +
99A LEU* 3.0 22.0 + - - +
100A SER* 3.1 11.3 + - - -
102A LEU* 1.3 74.1 - - - +
104A LEU* 1.3 62.7 + - - +
106A ILE* 3.2 13.5 + - - +
107A ARG* 3.1 22.7 + - - +
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Residues in contact with LEU 104 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
100A SER 3.0 12.3 + - - +
101A LYS* 3.2 9.6 + - - +
103A SER* 1.3 76.3 - - - +
105A LEU* 1.3 58.1 + - - +
107A ARG* 3.5 10.2 + - + -
108A GLU* 3.0 52.1 + - + +
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Residues in contact with LEU 105 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
27A LEU* 3.9 23.6 - - + -
101A LYS 2.9 14.1 + - - +
102A LEU* 3.1 11.6 + - + +
104A LEU* 1.3 75.8 - - - +
106A ILE* 1.3 57.7 + - - +
108A GLU* 3.5 6.6 + - + +
109A ARG* 3.1 31.8 + - - +
219A MET* 3.8 39.3 - - + +
222A ILE* 4.3 21.1 - - + -
223A LEU* 4.2 19.5 - - + -
226A ILE* 3.8 23.6 - - + -
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Residues in contact with ILE 106 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
24A LEU* 3.5 14.7 - - + +
27A LEU* 3.7 45.3 - - + +
28A GLU* 4.0 21.1 - - + +
31A ARG* 4.2 19.5 - - + -
102A LEU* 3.0 18.2 + - + +
103A SER* 3.5 8.1 - - - +
105A LEU* 1.3 73.7 - - - +
107A ARG* 1.3 66.2 + - - +
109A ARG* 3.1 7.0 + - - +
110A GLN* 3.0 49.0 + - - +
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Residues in contact with ARG 107 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
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103A SER 3.1 13.4 + - - +
104A LEU* 3.7 17.0 - - + +
106A ILE* 1.3 76.6 - - - +
108A GLU* 1.3 61.2 + - - +
110A GLN* 3.3 16.3 + - - +
111A GLN* 3.2 21.5 + - - +
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Residues in contact with GLU 108 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
104A LEU* 3.0 43.2 + - + +
105A LEU* 3.8 10.3 - - + +
106A ILE 3.3 0.2 - - - -
107A ARG* 1.3 75.2 - - - +
109A ARG* 1.3 59.3 + - + +
111A GLN* 3.4 9.3 + - - +
112A LEU* 2.8 29.6 + - - +
219A MET* 5.5 4.9 - - - -
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Residues in contact with ARG 109 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
20A GLN* 4.7 4.8 + - - +
23A GLU* 2.7 45.7 + - - +
24A LEU* 3.8 21.3 - - + +
27A LEU* 3.3 36.0 - - - +
105A LEU* 3.1 20.5 + - - +
106A ILE 3.1 8.4 + - - +
108A GLU* 1.3 77.8 - - - +
110A GLN* 1.3 58.1 + - - +
112A LEU* 4.2 5.6 - - + -
113A ARG* 2.9 32.6 + - - +
216A HIS* 3.7 16.1 + - + +
219A MET* 3.6 51.9 - - + +
220A ALA* 5.7 0.8 - - - +
223A LEU* 6.2 1.6 - - - +
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Residues in contact with GLN 110 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
24A LEU* 3.7 19.2 - - + +
106A ILE* 3.0 37.1 + - - +
107A ARG* 3.6 17.6 - - - +
108A GLU 3.2 0.2 - - - -
109A ARG* 1.3 78.6 - - - +
111A GLN* 1.3 61.0 + - - +
113A ARG* 3.7 13.9 - - - +
114A LYS* 3.7 15.6 + - - +
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Residues in contact with GLN 111 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
107A ARG 3.2 10.5 + - - +
108A GLU* 3.8 12.3 - - - +
110A GLN* 1.3 79.4 - - - +
112A LEU* 1.3 62.9 + - - +
114A LYS* 3.2 9.5 + - - +
115A THR* 3.1 26.4 + - - +
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Residues in contact with LEU 112 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
20A GLN* 4.5 2.7 - - - +
108A GLU 2.8 19.3 + - - +
109A ARG* 3.8 8.1 - - + +
111A GLN* 1.3 72.8 - - - +
113A ARG* 1.3 60.6 + - - +
115A THR* 3.0 7.5 + - - +
116A TYR* 2.8 35.0 + - + +
212A LEU* 4.7 18.8 - - + -
215A LEU* 4.3 24.7 - - + -
216A HIS* 5.3 4.9 - - + -
219A MET* 5.5 2.5 - - + -
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Residues in contact with ARG 113 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
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17A GLN* 5.7 1.1 - - - +
20A GLN* 3.7 35.3 + - + +
21A GLU* 4.0 22.4 - - - +
24A LEU* 4.8 8.5 - - + -
109A ARG 2.9 18.5 + - - +
110A GLN* 3.7 9.6 - - - +
112A LEU* 1.3 74.4 - - - +
114A LYS* 1.3 61.6 + - + +
116A TYR* 4.1 1.9 - - - +
117A SER* 3.3 24.3 + - - -
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Residues in contact with LYS 114 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
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110A GLN 3.7 12.5 + - - +
111A GLN* 3.2 12.6 + - - +
112A LEU 3.1 0.6 - - - -
113A ARG* 1.3 78.3 - - + +
115A THR* 1.3 67.9 + - - +
117A SER* 3.1 17.7 + - - -
118A GLU* 3.1 24.7 + - - +
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Residues in contact with THR 115 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
111A GLN* 3.1 14.5 + - - +
112A LEU* 3.0 12.1 + - - -
114A LYS* 1.3 73.9 - - - +
116A TYR* 1.3 66.2 + - - +
118A GLU* 3.3 14.0 + - + +
119A GLN* 3.0 48.2 + - + +
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Residues in contact with TYR 116 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
13A HIS* 2.9 39.9 + + - -
16A LEU* 3.4 24.8 - - + +
17A GLN* 4.7 2.2 - - + -
20A GLN* 3.6 31.9 - - - +
112A LEU* 2.8 21.6 + - + +
113A ARG 4.1 0.7 - - - +
115A THR* 1.3 73.9 - - - +
117A SER* 1.3 68.1 + - - +
119A GLN* 3.3 8.8 + - - +
120A TRP* 2.9 25.8 + + - +
208A LEU* 4.0 34.1 - - + -
209A LEU* 3.5 14.1 - - + +
212A LEU* 3.7 38.1 - - + -
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Residues in contact with SER 117 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
13A HIS* 4.2 8.9 + - - -
17A GLN* 3.6 27.1 - - - -
113A ARG 3.3 13.0 + - - -
114A LYS* 3.1 15.8 + - - -
116A TYR* 1.3 85.7 - - - +
118A GLU* 1.3 56.1 + - - +
120A TRP* 3.4 2.6 + - - +
121A GLN* 3.1 26.3 + - - +
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Residues in contact with GLU 118 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
114A LYS* 3.1 33.4 + - - +
115A THR* 3.5 13.2 + - + +
117A SER* 1.3 76.1 + - - +
119A GLN* 1.3 62.4 - - + +
121A GLN* 3.2 7.1 + - - +
122A GLN* 2.9 51.2 + - + +
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Residues in contact with GLN 119 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
115A THR* 3.0 39.5 + - + +
116A TYR* 3.6 7.7 - - - +
118A GLU* 1.3 76.9 - - + +
120A TRP* 1.3 62.8 + - - +
122A GLN* 3.6 16.6 + - - +
123A LEU* 3.2 29.1 + - + +
208A LEU* 3.0 32.2 - - + +
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Residues in contact with TRP 120 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
9A SER 4.4 4.1 + - - +
10A PRO* 4.0 28.7 - - + -
13A HIS* 3.4 66.2 + + + +
116A TYR* 2.9 26.8 + + + +
117A SER 3.6 2.5 - - - +
118A GLU 3.2 0.2 - - - -
119A GLN* 1.3 76.2 - - - +
121A GLN* 1.3 68.1 + - + +
123A LEU* 3.3 6.2 + - - +
124A GLN* 3.1 57.3 + - + +
205A LEU* 3.3 32.7 - - + +
208A LEU* 3.8 12.1 - - + +
209A LEU* 5.3 1.4 - - - +
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Residues in contact with GLN 121 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
117A SER 3.1 15.1 + - - +
118A GLU* 3.2 11.0 + - + +
120A TRP* 1.3 83.7 - - + +
122A GLN* 1.3 53.3 + - + +
124A GLN* 3.0 8.2 + - - +
125A GLN* 2.8 34.7 + - - +
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Residues in contact with GLN 122 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
118A GLU* 2.9 37.1 + - + +
119A GLN* 3.6 19.2 - - - +
121A GLN* 1.3 75.4 - - + +
123A LEU* 1.3 58.6 + - + +
125A GLN* 3.4 6.6 + - - +
126A GLU* 3.0 37.3 + - + +
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Residues in contact with LEU 123 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
119A GLN* 3.2 18.4 + - + +
120A TRP 3.7 4.7 - - - +
121A GLN 3.2 0.2 - - - -
122A GLN* 1.3 80.2 - - + +
124A GLN* 1.3 63.0 + - + +
126A GLU* 3.5 9.6 + - + +
127A LEU 3.1 18.2 + - - -
196A HIS* 5.0 0.4 + - - +
200A HIS* 3.5 23.3 + - + -
204A LEU* 3.9 60.6 - - + +
205A LEU* 4.3 7.6 - - + +
208A LEU* 4.1 20.2 - - + -
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Residues in contact with GLN 124 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
10A PRO* 5.7 4.9 - - - +
120A TRP* 3.1 59.1 + - + +
121A GLN* 3.0 9.4 + - - +
123A LEU* 1.3 76.4 - - - +
125A GLN* 1.3 57.4 + - - +
127A LEU* 3.3 17.6 + - - +
128A THR* 2.9 36.9 + - - +
200A HIS* 3.5 22.2 + - - -
205A LEU* 5.1 4.9 - - - +
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Residues in contact with GLN 125 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
121A GLN 2.8 18.0 + - - +
122A GLN* 3.8 8.1 - - - +
124A GLN* 1.3 73.7 - - - +
126A GLU* 1.3 59.1 + - + +
128A THR* 3.3 6.1 + - - -
129A LYS* 2.9 31.1 + - - +
133A GLN* 4.7 0.9 - - - +
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Residues in contact with GLU 126 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
122A GLN* 3.0 24.7 + - + +
123A LEU* 3.8 11.7 - - + +
124A GLN 3.3 0.4 - - - -
125A GLN* 1.3 76.6 - - + +
127A LEU* 1.3 64.3 + - - +
129A LYS* 3.4 5.2 + - - +
130A THR* 3.0 29.5 + - - +
196A HIS* 3.8 17.0 - - + +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 127 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
123A LEU 3.1 16.6 + - - +
124A GLN* 3.6 15.3 - - - +
126A GLU* 1.3 74.8 - - - +
128A THR* 1.3 59.7 + - - +
131A HIS* 2.8 54.3 + - + +
196A HIS* 3.6 25.6 + - + -
197A HIS* 4.1 20.0 - - + -
200A HIS* 3.7 34.8 - - + +
201A HIS* 4.1 13.7 - - + +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 128 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
124A GLN* 2.9 21.6 + - - +
125A GLN* 3.7 6.7 - - - -
127A LEU* 1.3 78.4 - - - +
129A LYS* 1.3 58.1 + - - +
132A SER* 3.1 20.5 + - - +
133A GLN* 2.9 47.0 + - + +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 129 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
125A GLN 2.9 21.6 + - - +
126A GLU* 3.7 6.5 - - - +
127A LEU 3.3 0.2 - - - -
128A THR* 1.3 73.4 - - - +
130A THR* 1.3 60.8 + - - +
133A GLN* 3.0 17.9 + - + +
134A ASP* 2.9 46.6 + - - +
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Residues in contact with THR 130 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
126A GLU* 3.0 16.4 + - - +
129A LYS* 1.3 79.3 - - - +
131A HIS* 1.3 62.1 + - - +
134A ASP* 3.7 19.8 + - + +
135A ILE* 3.6 15.2 - - - +
189A GLY 5.2 0.6 - - - +
192A ALA* 4.4 7.0 - - + +
193A ALA* 3.7 26.6 - - - +
196A HIS* 3.6 31.2 + - + +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 131 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
127A LEU* 2.8 39.0 + - + +
130A THR* 1.3 73.8 - - - +
132A SER* 1.3 62.6 + - - +
135A ILE* 3.4 17.4 - - - +
193A ALA* 3.7 33.2 - - + +
194A GLN* 5.4 0.9 - - - -
196A HIS* 5.4 0.9 - - + -
197A HIS* 3.6 31.4 - + + -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 132 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
128A THR* 3.1 24.4 + - - +
130A THR 3.4 0.6 - - - -
131A HIS* 1.3 86.5 - - - +
133A GLN* 1.3 64.1 + - - +
134A ASP 3.6 1.1 - - - -
135A ILE* 3.7 3.0 - - - +
136A GLU* 2.9 38.5 + - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the
analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page
is based upon the approach
developed in:
Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G.
and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996)
25, 120-129.
Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic
properties of the contacting atoms. In order to
define it, for each inter-atomic contact,
eight atom classes have been introduced:
I Hydrophilic - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
(e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
II Acceptor - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
III Donor - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
IV Hydrophobic - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
a N or O atom
V Aromatic - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other
bonds formed by the atom
VI Neutral - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
VII Neutral-donor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
atom of class III
VIII Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only
one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy
is shown below:
Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
Atomic class I II III IV V VI VII VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
I (Hydrophilic) + + + - + + + +
II (Acceptor) + - + - + + + -
III (Donor) + + - - + + - +
IV (Hydrophobic) - - - + + + + +
V (Aromatic) + + + + + + + +
VI (Neutral) + + + + + + + +
VII (Neutral-donor) + + - + + + - +
VIII (Neutral-acceptor) + - + + + + + -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically
assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in
three cases (see below) the automatic assignment
is currently ambiguous. In these
cases, the user is advised to manually analyse
the full list of contacts using
LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are
considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
"hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
"carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).
Please E-mail any
questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to
Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il