Contacts of the helix formed by residues 332 - 358 (chain B) in PDB entry 4FE1


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with SER 332 (chain B).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    328B  THR      3.3    19.0    +      -       -      -
    329B  TYR      3.4     1.5    +      -       -      +
    331B  ASN*     1.3    79.0    -      -       -      +
    333B  LEU*     1.3    59.9    +      -       -      +
    334B  HIS*     3.9     0.5    -      -       -      -
    335B  PHE*     3.1    11.3    +      -       -      -
    336B  GLN*     3.1    28.7    +      -       -      +
    396B  PHE*     3.0    30.3    -      -       -      -
    400B  ASP*     2.9    28.3    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 333 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     31B  GLU*     5.3     9.2    -      -       -      +
     41B  LEU*     3.7    26.0    -      -       +      -
     42B  TYR*     3.2    54.3    -      -       +      +
     45B  ILE*     4.7    16.6    -      -       +      -
    331B  ASN      4.0     1.6    +      -       -      +
    332B  SER*     1.3    72.7    -      -       -      +
    334B  HIS*     1.3    61.1    +      -       +      +
    336B  GLN*     3.6    18.7    +      -       +      +
    337B  LEU*     2.9    30.1    +      -       -      +
    400B  ASP*     3.9     4.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 334 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     29B  ASP*     5.6     0.9    -      -       -      -
     31B  GLU*     2.6    35.2    +      -       -      -
    332B  SER*     3.2     1.9    +      -       -      +
    333B  LEU*     1.3    78.4    -      -       +      +
    335B  PHE*     1.3    59.1    -      -       -      +
    337B  LEU*     4.4     4.2    -      -       -      +
    338B  GLY*     2.9    23.7    +      -       -      -
    392B  HIS*     3.0    57.3    +      +       -      +
    395B  ILE*     3.3    33.3    -      -       +      +
    396B  PHE*     3.8    12.8    -      -       +      +
    399B  ARG*     4.1     8.4    +      -       +      -
    400B  ASP*     3.5    20.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 335 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    325B  ILE*     6.0     6.7    -      -       +      -
    328B  THR*     4.5     5.6    -      -       +      +
    329B  TYR*     3.4    42.4    -      +       +      +
    332B  SER*     3.1    24.8    +      -       -      +
    334B  HIS*     1.3    75.6    -      -       -      +
    336B  GLN*     1.3    58.8    +      -       -      +
    338B  GLY*     3.4     0.9    +      -       -      -
    339B  TRP*     2.9    70.9    +      +       -      +
    392B  HIS      4.9     0.2    -      -       -      -
    393B  GLY*     5.7     2.2    -      -       -      -
    396B  PHE*     3.4    47.5    -      +       +      +
    411B  LEU*     4.2    16.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 336 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     42B  TYR*     4.4     7.4    +      -       -      -
    173B  ARG*     4.3    18.1    +      -       -      -
    329B  TYR*     2.9    44.4    +      -       +      +
    330B  ASN*     3.0    29.0    +      -       -      +
    332B  SER      3.1    18.9    +      -       -      +
    333B  LEU*     3.8    19.1    -      -       +      +
    335B  PHE*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
    337B  LEU*     1.3    62.5    +      -       -      +
    339B  TRP*     4.5     3.6    -      -       -      -
    340B  HIS*     3.0    44.4    +      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 337 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    333B  LEU      2.9    19.8    +      -       -      +
    334B  HIS*     4.0     5.6    -      -       -      +
    335B  PHE      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    336B  GLN*     1.3    75.5    -      -       -      +
    338B  GLY*     1.3    59.1    +      -       -      +
    340B  HIS*     3.8     7.0    -      -       +      +
    341B  LEU*     2.9    55.4    +      -       +      +
    392B  HIS*     3.4    37.7    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 338 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    334B  HIS      2.9    17.4    +      -       -      -
    335B  PHE      3.9     0.4    -      -       -      -
    337B  LEU*     1.3    76.8    -      -       -      +
    339B  TRP*     1.3    63.6    +      -       -      +
    341B  LEU*     3.1     1.6    +      -       -      -
    342B  ALA*     3.0    18.7    +      -       -      +
    389B  ALA*     3.1    35.8    -      -       -      +
    392B  HIS*     3.9     8.0    -      -       -      +
    393B  GLY*     4.6     3.4    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 339 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    329B  TYR*     4.2    23.4    -      +       +      -
    335B  PHE*     2.9    55.8    +      +       -      +
    336B  GLN      3.7     3.4    -      -       -      +
    338B  GLY*     1.3    75.1    -      -       -      +
    340B  HIS*     1.3    64.2    +      +       +      +
    342B  ALA*     2.9    24.2    +      -       +      +
    343B  CYS*     3.0    30.3    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 340 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    173B  ARG*     4.8    15.7    -      -       -      -
    329B  TYR*     2.7    29.8    +      -       -      -
    336B  GLN*     3.0    34.0    +      -       +      +
    337B  LEU*     4.0     7.7    -      -       +      +
    339B  TRP*     1.3    79.0    -      +       +      +
    341B  LEU*     1.3    60.4    +      -       -      +
    343B  CYS*     3.8    10.4    -      -       -      +
    344B  LEU*     2.9    31.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 341 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    337B  LEU*     2.9    41.4    +      -       +      +
    338B  GLY      3.1     5.1    +      -       -      +
    340B  HIS*     1.3    79.1    -      -       -      +
    342B  ALA*     1.3    56.3    +      -       -      +
    344B  LEU*     4.0     6.9    -      -       +      -
    345B  GLY*     3.0    26.5    +      -       -      -
    385B  LEU*     3.7    36.2    -      -       +      +
    388B  GLY*     3.3    33.9    -      -       -      +
    389B  ALA*     3.6    11.9    -      -       -      +
    392B  HIS*     4.0    17.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 342 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    338B  GLY      3.0     6.6    +      -       -      +
    339B  TRP*     2.9    12.7    +      -       +      +
    341B  LEU*     1.3    78.1    -      -       -      +
    343B  CYS*     1.3    63.7    +      -       -      +
    345B  GLY*     3.4     1.0    +      -       -      -
    346B  VAL*     3.0    31.1    +      -       +      +
    386B  MET*     3.8    16.2    -      -       +      +
    389B  ALA*     3.4    18.8    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS 343 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    339B  TRP*     3.0    33.8    +      -       -      -
    340B  HIS*     3.8    11.9    -      -       -      +
    341B  LEU      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    342B  ALA*     1.3    78.7    -      -       -      +
    344B  LEU*     1.3    62.0    +      -       -      +
    346B  VAL*     3.2     6.6    +      -       -      +
    347B  ILE*     3.0    32.0    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 344 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    340B  HIS      2.9    18.0    +      -       -      +
    341B  LEU*     4.1     6.7    -      -       +      +
    343B  CYS*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
    345B  GLY*     1.3    53.5    +      -       -      +
    347B  ILE*     3.4    22.6    +      -       +      +
    348B  THR*     2.5    41.1    +      -       -      +
    385B  LEU*     3.7    24.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 345 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    341B  LEU      3.0    17.4    +      -       -      -
    342B  ALA      3.8     1.1    -      -       -      -
    344B  LEU*     1.3    78.3    -      -       -      +
    346B  VAL*     1.3    60.8    +      -       -      +
    348B  THR*     3.2     5.0    +      -       -      -
    349B  SER*     3.0    20.1    +      -       -      -
    382B  ALA*     3.6    11.7    -      -       -      +
    385B  LEU*     3.7    22.8    -      -       -      +
    386B  MET*     4.0    12.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 346 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    342B  ALA*     3.0    22.9    +      -       +      +
    343B  CYS*     3.7     7.2    -      -       -      +
    345B  GLY*     1.3    75.7    -      -       -      +
    347B  ILE*     1.3    64.8    +      -       +      +
    349B  SER*     3.0    11.0    +      -       -      -
    350B  LEU*     2.9    27.4    +      -       +      +
    386B  MET*     4.1    17.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 347 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    343B  CYS*     3.0    18.6    +      -       +      +
    344B  LEU*     3.4    28.7    -      -       +      +
    346B  VAL*     1.3    81.8    -      -       +      +
    348B  THR*     1.3    59.7    +      -       -      +
    350B  LEU*     3.5    19.6    -      -       +      +
    351B  VAL*     2.9    34.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 348 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    344B  LEU*     2.5    29.4    +      -       -      +
    345B  GLY*     3.4     8.1    -      -       -      -
    346B  VAL      3.1     0.4    -      -       -      -
    347B  ILE*     1.3    75.4    -      -       -      +
    349B  SER*     1.3    66.6    +      -       -      +
    351B  VAL*     3.3     9.3    +      -       -      +
    352B  ALA*     3.0    20.4    +      -       -      +
    378B  HIS*     3.2    39.5    -      -       +      +
    381B  ILE*     4.0    13.2    -      -       +      +
    382B  ALA*     4.0    11.2    -      -       -      +
    385B  LEU*     3.8     8.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 349 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    345B  GLY      3.0    10.2    +      -       -      -
    346B  VAL*     3.0    11.6    +      -       -      -
    348B  THR*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
    350B  LEU*     1.3    64.3    +      -       -      -
    352B  ALA*     3.0     4.0    +      -       -      +
    353B  GLN*     2.9    30.5    +      -       -      +
    379B  GLN*     3.0    27.1    +      -       -      +
    382B  ALA*     3.6    10.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 350 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    346B  VAL*     2.9    17.7    +      -       +      +
    347B  ILE*     3.5    22.0    -      -       +      +
    348B  THR      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    349B  SER*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
    351B  VAL*     1.3    56.7    +      -       +      +
    353B  GLN*     3.2     6.4    +      -       +      +
    354B  HIS*     2.9    72.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 351 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    347B  ILE*     2.9    23.9    +      -       +      +
    348B  THR*     3.4    12.8    -      -       -      +
    349B  SER      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    350B  LEU*     1.3    76.7    -      -       +      +
    352B  ALA*     1.3    63.1    +      -       -      +
    354B  HIS*     3.9     2.6    -      -       -      -
    355B  MET*     3.0    57.4    +      -       +      +
    378B  HIS*     4.4    24.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 352 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    348B  THR      3.0    11.2    +      -       -      +
    349B  SER      3.0     7.8    +      -       -      +
    351B  VAL*     1.3    81.5    -      -       -      +
    353B  GLN*     1.3    62.7    +      -       -      +
    355B  MET*     3.6     6.8    +      -       -      +
    356B  TYR*     3.5     8.3    +      -       -      -
    375B  TYR*     3.2    40.6    -      -       +      +
    378B  HIS*     4.2    15.7    -      -       +      -
    379B  GLN*     3.8    21.5    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 353 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    349B  SER*     2.9    22.8    +      -       -      +
    350B  LEU*     3.7     6.5    -      -       +      +
    352B  ALA*     1.3    77.1    -      -       -      +
    354B  HIS*     1.3    68.1    +      -       +      +
    356B  TYR*     3.0    39.8    +      -       +      -
    357B  SER*     3.1     9.9    +      -       -      -
    375B  TYR*     3.3    24.9    +      -       -      -
    379B  GLN*     4.2     8.8    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 354 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    350B  LEU*     2.9    55.6    +      -       +      +
    351B  VAL*     4.3     3.4    -      -       -      +
    353B  GLN*     1.3    85.5    -      -       +      +
    355B  MET*     1.3    63.2    +      -       +      +
    356B  TYR      3.5     0.2    -      -       -      -
    357B  SER*     3.9     5.2    -      -       -      -
    358B  LEU*     3.1    38.6    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 355 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    351B  VAL*     3.0    48.2    +      -       +      +
    352B  ALA*     3.6     3.1    +      -       -      +
    353B  GLN      3.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
    354B  HIS*     1.3    79.7    -      -       +      +
    356B  TYR*     1.3    63.1    +      -       -      +
    358B  LEU      4.8     2.7    -      -       -      -
    359B  PRO*     3.7    19.4    -      -       -      +
    360B  PRO*     4.2    24.6    -      -       +      +
    361B  TYR*     5.0    16.8    -      -       -      +
    371B  MET*     4.0     8.8    -      -       -      +
    374B  LEU*     5.8    12.3    -      -       +      -
    378B  HIS*     5.4     7.9    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 356 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    352B  ALA      3.5    15.0    +      -       -      +
    353B  GLN*     3.0    47.8    +      -       +      -
    354B  HIS      3.5     0.2    -      -       -      -
    355B  MET*     1.3    79.1    -      -       -      +
    357B  SER*     1.3    68.8    +      -       -      +
    359B  PRO*     3.9     4.0    -      -       -      +
    371B  MET*     3.4    31.0    -      -       +      +
    375B  TYR*     4.1    22.4    -      +       +      -
    513B  SER*     3.6    37.6    +      -       -      -
    515B  PHE*     5.9     0.9    +      -       -      -
    516B  LEU*     4.4    15.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 357 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    260B  PHE*     3.6    11.4    -      -       -      -
    353B  GLN      3.1    17.3    +      -       -      -
    354B  HIS*     3.7     6.8    +      -       -      -
    356B  TYR*     1.3    90.0    -      -       -      +
    358B  LEU*     1.3    69.1    +      -       -      +
    359B  PRO*     3.3    12.2    -      -       -      +
    513B  SER*     3.3    25.6    +      -       -      -
    514B  LEU*     3.8    19.4    +      -       -      +
    515B  PHE      4.8     2.0    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 358 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    259B  GLY*     6.1     2.2    -      -       -      -
    260B  PHE*     3.4    28.9    -      -       +      -
    267B  LEU*     3.8    21.4    -      -       +      +
    354B  HIS*     3.1    28.5    +      -       +      +
    355B  MET      4.1     0.9    -      -       -      -
    357B  SER*     1.3    83.6    +      -       -      +
    359B  PRO*     1.4    65.8    -      -       -      +
    360B  PRO*     3.4     5.4    -      -       -      +
    503B  TRP*     4.2    23.6    -      -       +      -
    514B  LEU*     3.6    27.1    -      -       +      -
    515B  PHE*     6.3     0.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il