Contacts of the helix formed by residues 69 - 92 (chain D) in PDB entry 4G5S


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with TYR 69 (chain D).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     51D  LYS*     4.8     7.8    -      -       -      -
     61D  TYR*     4.5    17.0    +      +       -      -
     65D  GLU*     3.0    33.4    +      -       +      -
     66D  CYS      3.2     9.0    +      -       -      +
     68D  GLN*     1.3    83.2    -      -       +      +
     70D  LYS*     1.3    63.0    +      -       -      +
     71D  VAL      3.4     0.9    -      -       -      -
     72D  VAL*     3.2    18.7    +      -       +      +
     73D  VAL*     2.9    26.7    +      -       +      +
    169D  PRO*     4.5     0.2    -      -       -      -
    174D  VAL*     3.8    34.5    -      -       +      -
    177D  THR*     3.6    32.5    -      -       +      -
    179D  VAL*     4.3    17.6    -      -       +      +
    610Z  PRO*     4.7    14.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 70 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     66D  CYS      3.6     2.2    +      -       -      -
     67D  LYS*     3.2    19.2    +      -       -      +
     68D  GLN      3.1     1.4    -      -       -      -
     69D  TYR*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
     71D  VAL*     1.3    64.1    +      -       -      +
     73D  VAL*     3.0     7.6    +      -       -      +
     74D  TYR*     3.0    61.5    +      -       +      -
    118D  VAL*     3.9    27.2    -      -       -      +
    164D  GLN      5.3     0.4    +      -       -      -
    165D  SER*     4.3    15.4    +      -       -      +
    167D  TYR*     4.2    28.9    +      -       +      +
    169D  PRO*     3.8    16.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 71 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     67D  LYS      5.6     0.2    -      -       -      +
     68D  GLN      3.4    18.6    -      -       -      +
     70D  LYS*     1.3    76.2    -      -       +      +
     72D  VAL*     1.3    63.3    +      -       +      +
     74D  TYR*     3.2    11.2    +      -       -      +
     75D  SER*     2.8    41.5    +      -       -      +
    114D  ALA      4.4    16.1    -      -       -      +
    115D  GLU*     4.6    11.9    -      -       -      -
    118D  VAL      6.2     0.4    -      -       -      +
    607Z  CYS*     4.8     7.9    -      -       -      -
    610Z  PRO*     5.4     5.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 72 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     69D  TYR*     3.3    22.0    -      -       +      +
     71D  VAL*     1.3    82.0    -      -       +      +
     73D  VAL*     1.3    64.1    +      -       -      +
     75D  SER*     3.3     1.9    +      -       -      -
     76D  ASN*     2.9    42.3    +      -       -      +
    177D  THR*     4.1    15.0    -      -       +      -
    178D  ARG      3.8    15.0    -      -       -      +
    179D  VAL*     4.4     9.6    -      -       +      -
    607Z  CYS*     4.0    26.5    -      -       -      +
    608Z  ALA      4.3     2.2    -      -       -      +
    610Z  PRO*     4.2    25.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 73 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     69D  TYR*     2.9    23.2    +      -       +      +
     70D  LYS*     3.0    10.1    +      -       -      +
     72D  VAL*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
     74D  TYR*     1.3    57.9    +      -       +      +
     76D  ASN*     3.3     7.4    +      -       -      +
     77D  THR*     2.4    36.2    +      -       -      +
    155D  TYR*     3.5    34.2    -      -       +      +
    162D  ILE*     4.4    12.8    -      -       +      -
    167D  TYR*     4.1    24.2    -      -       +      +
    169D  PRO*     4.7     3.6    -      -       +      -
    173D  ASP*     4.4     6.7    -      -       +      +
    177D  THR*     3.7    20.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 74 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     70D  LYS*     3.0    63.8    +      -       +      -
     71D  VAL*     3.5     9.6    -      -       -      +
     73D  VAL*     1.3    76.8    -      -       +      +
     75D  SER*     1.3    63.1    +      -       -      +
     77D  THR*     3.1     8.6    +      -       -      -
     78D  ILE*     2.9    30.5    +      -       +      +
    114D  ALA*     4.3    20.4    -      -       +      +
    118D  VAL      4.6    11.7    -      -       -      -
    119D  MET*     3.5    51.6    +      -       +      +
    162D  ILE*     2.6    37.0    +      -       +      -
    163D  SER*     4.4     1.7    -      -       -      -
    164D  GLN      3.9     7.6    +      -       -      -
    167D  TYR*     3.6    12.0    -      +       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 75 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     71D  VAL*     2.8    27.5    +      -       -      +
     72D  VAL      3.3     4.9    +      -       -      -
     74D  TYR*     1.3    74.0    -      -       -      +
     76D  ASN*     1.3    64.5    +      -       -      +
     78D  ILE*     3.7    10.3    -      -       -      +
     79D  GLN*     2.9    27.7    +      -       -      +
    114D  ALA      5.5     0.7    +      -       -      -
    115D  GLU*     5.3     6.2    -      -       -      +
    606Z  ARG      6.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    607Z  CYS*     3.5    30.0    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 76 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     72D  VAL*     2.9    32.7    +      -       -      +
     73D  VAL*     3.7     5.0    +      -       -      +
     75D  SER*     1.3    71.9    -      -       -      +
     77D  THR*     1.3    58.4    +      -       -      +
     79D  GLN*     3.6     4.8    +      -       -      +
     80D  SER*     2.9    30.8    +      -       -      -
    149D  ASN*     4.7     5.3    +      -       -      +
    155D  TYR*     4.1    17.0    -      -       +      -
    177D  THR*     3.7     5.2    -      -       -      -
    178D  ARG*     3.0    50.1    +      -       +      +
    605Z  GLN      3.3    21.7    +      -       -      +
    606Z  ARG*     3.6     7.9    -      -       -      +
    607Z  CYS      3.9     4.0    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 77 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     73D  VAL*     2.4    32.4    +      -       -      +
     74D  TYR*     3.2    10.3    -      -       -      -
     76D  ASN*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
     78D  ILE*     1.3    65.1    +      -       -      +
     80D  SER*     3.2     7.4    +      -       -      -
     81D  ILE*     3.0    24.2    +      -       -      +
    119D  MET*     5.3     7.0    -      -       +      -
    127D  ILE*     5.4     4.9    -      -       +      -
    155D  TYR*     4.0    27.6    -      -       +      +
    156D  LEU*     3.6    25.4    -      -       +      +
    159D  LEU*     4.8     8.7    -      -       +      -
    162D  ILE*     4.3    13.7    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 78 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     74D  TYR*     2.9    31.4    +      -       +      +
     75D  SER*     3.7     7.6    -      -       -      +
     77D  THR*     1.3    72.9    -      -       -      +
     79D  GLN*     1.3    58.5    +      -       -      +
     81D  ILE*     3.1    11.3    -      -       -      +
     82D  ILE*     2.9    53.0    +      -       +      +
    107D  LEU*     5.0    10.5    -      -       +      -
    110D  LEU      5.7     0.7    -      -       -      +
    111D  ALA*     4.4    27.6    -      -       -      +
    114D  ALA*     4.0    26.0    -      -       +      +
    115D  GLU      5.7     0.2    -      -       -      +
    119D  MET*     5.2     5.6    -      -       +      -
    123D  LEU*     5.2     9.4    -      -       +      -
    127D  ILE*     5.0    12.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 79 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     75D  SER      2.9    18.6    +      -       -      +
     76D  ASN      3.9     2.2    -      -       -      +
     78D  ILE*     1.3    73.6    -      -       -      +
     80D  SER*     1.3    67.1    +      -       -      +
     82D  ILE*     3.6    10.0    -      -       -      +
     83D  ALA*     2.9    25.1    +      -       -      +
    605Z  GLN*     3.5    38.1    -      -       +      +
    606Z  ARG      4.9     0.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 80 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     76D  ASN      2.9    15.4    +      -       -      -
     77D  THR*     3.2    12.1    -      -       -      -
     79D  GLN*     1.3    75.5    -      -       -      +
     81D  ILE*     1.3    67.2    +      -       -      +
     83D  ALA*     2.8    17.2    +      -       -      +
     84D  ILE*     3.0    14.7    +      -       -      +
    148D  LEU*     3.7     6.4    -      -       -      +
    149D  ASN*     3.9    21.1    -      -       -      +
    152D  ALA*     3.2    29.9    -      -       -      +
    155D  TYR*     6.5     0.2    -      -       -      -
    156D  LEU*     4.0    10.5    -      -       -      +
    605Z  GLN*     4.6     0.6    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 81 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     77D  THR      3.0    10.7    +      -       -      +
     78D  ILE*     3.1    24.7    -      -       +      +
     80D  SER*     1.3    78.6    +      -       -      +
     82D  ILE*     1.3    61.8    +      -       +      +
     84D  ILE*     3.2    22.0    +      -       +      -
     85D  ILE*     3.0    41.1    +      -       +      +
    107D  LEU*     4.7     9.0    -      -       +      -
    127D  ILE*     4.4    29.2    -      -       +      -
    130D  LEU*     4.4    23.1    -      -       +      -
    131D  TRP*     4.8     6.5    -      -       +      +
    136D  VAL*     4.5    10.8    -      -       +      -
    156D  LEU*     4.5    16.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 82 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     78D  ILE*     2.9    40.6    +      -       +      +
     79D  GLN*     3.6     8.5    -      -       -      +
     81D  ILE*     1.3    75.3    -      -       -      +
     83D  ALA*     1.3    65.3    +      -       -      +
     85D  ILE*     2.9     9.8    +      -       -      +
     86D  ARG*     2.9    25.3    +      -       +      +
    107D  LEU*     4.3    21.5    -      -       +      -
    108D  PHE*     4.1    27.8    -      -       +      -
    111D  ALA*     4.5    16.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 83 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     79D  GLN      2.9    14.0    +      -       -      +
     80D  SER      2.8    14.9    +      -       -      +
     82D  ILE*     1.3    73.9    -      -       -      +
     84D  ILE*     1.3    61.6    +      -       -      +
     86D  ARG*     3.5     6.6    +      -       -      +
     87D  ALA*     2.9    25.2    +      -       -      +
    146D  TYR*     4.7     4.6    -      -       +      -
    147D  GLN      4.6     7.0    -      -       -      +
    148D  LEU*     4.8     4.0    -      -       +      -
    604Z  ASP*     6.0     0.4    -      -       -      +
    605Z  GLN*     3.9    26.7    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 84 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     80D  SER*     3.0    12.3    +      -       -      +
     81D  ILE*     3.4    31.4    -      -       +      +
     82D  ILE      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
     83D  ALA*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
     85D  ILE*     1.3    60.7    +      -       +      +
     87D  ALA*     3.3     7.0    +      -       -      +
     88D  MET*     2.9    27.1    +      -       +      +
    131D  TRP*     4.2    12.1    -      -       +      -
    136D  VAL*     3.9    26.9    -      -       +      +
    139D  CYS*     3.8     9.5    -      -       +      -
    140D  PHE*     4.6     6.1    -      -       +      +
    146D  TYR*     3.9    17.9    -      -       -      +
    148D  LEU*     3.9    23.8    -      -       +      -
    152D  ALA*     5.4     0.4    -      -       +      -
    156D  LEU*     3.9    18.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 85 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     81D  ILE*     3.0    37.7    +      -       +      +
     82D  ILE*     2.9    11.2    +      -       -      +
     84D  ILE*     1.3    78.8    -      -       +      +
     86D  ARG*     1.3    60.2    +      -       -      +
     88D  MET*     2.9    46.6    +      -       +      +
     89D  GLY*     2.9     9.4    +      -       -      -
     95D  PHE*     5.9     1.8    -      -       +      -
    104D  ALA*     4.8    12.3    -      -       +      -
    107D  LEU*     4.6    14.1    -      -       +      -
    108D  PHE*     3.7    30.7    -      -       +      -
    130D  LEU*     4.6    14.6    -      -       +      -
    136D  VAL*     4.5     7.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 86 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     82D  ILE*     2.9    19.5    +      -       +      +
     83D  ALA*     3.9     6.7    -      -       -      +
     85D  ILE*     1.3    79.5    -      -       -      +
     87D  ALA*     1.3    58.1    +      -       -      +
     89D  GLY*     3.0     5.0    +      -       -      +
     90D  ARG*     3.0    26.0    +      -       -      +
    108D  PHE*     5.5     6.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 87 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     83D  ALA      2.9    19.1    +      -       -      +
     84D  ILE      3.4     4.9    -      -       -      +
     86D  ARG*     1.3    74.0    -      -       -      +
     88D  MET*     1.3    64.6    +      -       -      +
     89D  GLY      3.0     1.8    -      -       -      -
     90D  ARG*     3.3     6.5    +      -       -      +
     91D  LEU*     2.9    30.1    +      -       +      +
    139D  CYS*     4.2     2.5    -      -       -      -
    146D  TYR*     3.7    46.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 88 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     84D  ILE*     2.9    15.8    +      -       +      +
     85D  ILE*     2.9    42.5    +      -       +      +
     87D  ALA*     1.3    75.8    -      -       -      +
     89D  GLY*     1.3    59.5    +      -       -      +
     91D  LEU*     4.7     1.1    -      -       -      +
     92D  LYS*     3.0    17.7    +      -       -      -
     93D  ILE*     3.2    33.4    +      -       +      +
     95D  PHE*     3.6    35.4    -      -       +      -
    135D  GLY      4.5     2.5    -      -       -      +
    136D  VAL*     3.7    36.3    -      -       +      -
    139D  CYS*     3.7    22.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 89 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     85D  ILE      2.9    11.1    +      -       -      -
     86D  ARG*     3.0     7.5    +      -       -      -
     88D  MET*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
     90D  ARG*     1.3    63.5    +      -       -      +
     92D  LYS*     3.0    16.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 90 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     86D  ARG      3.0    11.7    +      -       -      +
     87D  ALA*     4.0     7.9    -      -       -      +
     89D  GLY*     1.3    74.2    -      -       -      +
     91D  LEU*     1.3    65.7    +      -       +      +
     92D  LYS*     3.6     1.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 91 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     87D  ALA*     2.9    20.7    +      -       +      +
     90D  ARG*     1.3    82.6    -      -       +      +
     92D  LYS*     1.3    72.8    +      -       -      +
     93D  ILE*     4.0    27.1    -      -       +      +
    139D  CYS*     4.7     2.2    -      -       -      -
    142D  ARG*     4.6    14.6    +      -       -      +
    145D  GLU*     3.6    33.0    -      -       +      +
    146D  TYR*     4.2    28.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 92 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     88D  MET      3.0     5.7    +      -       -      -
     89D  GLY      3.0    14.1    +      -       -      +
     90D  ARG      3.3     1.5    -      -       -      +
     91D  LEU*     1.3    84.5    -      -       -      +
     93D  ILE*     1.3    59.9    +      -       -      +
     94D  ASP*     4.1     3.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il