Contacts of the helix formed by residues 108 - 129 (chain D) in PDB entry 4HHM


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASP 108 (chain D).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    334C  ARG*     2.7    53.6    +      -       -      +
    337C  GLN*     3.5     9.7    +      -       -      +
    365C  ALA      5.5     0.5    -      -       -      +
    368C  ARG*     3.4    23.7    +      -       -      +
    370C  MET*     3.9     8.3    -      -       -      +
    101D  ASP*     5.9     0.2    -      -       -      +
    106D  ALA*     3.2     5.2    -      -       +      +
    107D  ASN*     1.3    74.4    -      -       -      +
    109D  ARG*     1.3    65.2    +      -       -      +
    110D  ASP*     3.3    17.5    -      -       -      +
    111D  VAL*     3.4    20.8    +      -       +      +
    112D  ARG*     3.5    13.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 109 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    337C  GLN*     3.0    20.9    -      -       +      +
    340C  GLU*     5.1     8.5    -      -       +      -
    341C  PRO      3.1    23.7    +      -       -      -
    342C  THR*     3.2    14.4    +      -       -      +
    343C  ALA*     4.5     1.0    -      -       -      +
    344C  ALA*     4.9     2.6    -      -       -      +
    345C  ASP*     4.4     8.5    +      -       -      -
    107D  ASN      3.5     2.0    +      -       -      -
    108D  ASP*     1.3    68.7    -      -       -      +
    110D  ASP*     1.3    67.7    +      -       -      +
    112D  ARG*     3.1    27.7    +      -       -      +
    113D  ARG*     3.0    60.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 110 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    337C  GLN*     4.8     1.8    -      -       -      +
    355C  THR      5.6     1.8    -      -       -      +
    356C  ALA*     5.3     2.0    -      -       -      +
    360C  PHE*     3.7    28.1    -      -       +      -
    365C  ALA*     4.8     0.2    -      -       -      +
    368C  ARG*     3.0    41.6    +      -       -      -
    108D  ASP*     3.3     9.1    -      -       -      +
    109D  ARG*     1.3    75.8    -      -       -      +
    111D  VAL*     1.3    72.6    +      -       -      +
    113D  ARG*     3.3    11.4    +      -       -      +
    114D  TYR*     2.9    28.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 111 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    360C  PHE*     4.2     4.9    -      -       +      -
    365C  ALA*     4.8     2.0    -      -       +      +
    368C  ARG*     4.0     8.3    -      -       -      +
     98D  VAL*     3.5    39.5    -      -       +      +
     99D  PHE*     4.0    11.7    -      -       +      -
    102D  GLY      3.7    18.6    -      -       -      +
    103D  ALA      4.2     1.6    -      -       -      +
    106D  ALA*     3.7    10.1    -      -       +      -
    108D  ASP*     3.6    21.3    -      -       +      +
    109D  ARG      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
    110D  ASP*     1.3    94.0    +      -       -      +
    112D  ARG*     1.3    53.4    +      -       -      +
    114D  TYR*     3.2     8.3    +      -       +      +
    115D  ALA*     2.8    33.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 112 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    337C  GLN      3.0    12.5    +      -       -      -
    338C  LEU*     4.0     3.6    -      -       -      +
    340C  GLU      2.9    27.7    +      -       -      -
    341C  PRO      4.2     0.6    +      -       -      -
    342C  THR*     2.7    31.3    +      -       +      +
    103D  ALA      3.3    21.3    -      -       -      +
    104D  PHE*     2.9    25.5    -      -       -      +
    105D  THR*     4.1     0.4    -      -       -      +
    106D  ALA      2.6    44.1    +      -       -      +
    107D  ASN      2.8    20.8    +      -       -      -
    108D  ASP      3.5     6.2    -      -       -      +
    109D  ARG*     3.1    28.7    +      -       -      +
    111D  VAL*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
    113D  ARG*     1.3    63.3    +      -       -      +
    115D  ALA*     3.2     4.7    +      -       -      +
    116D  LEU*     3.1    25.9    +      -       +      +
    157D  ARG*     3.3    16.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 113 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    342C  THR*     2.9    35.7    +      -       +      +
    343C  ALA*     3.7    17.0    -      -       -      +
    345C  ASP*     4.0    11.1    +      -       -      -
    349C  ALA      4.4     1.4    +      -       -      -
    350C  LEU*     3.4    45.0    -      -       +      +
    353C  ASP*     3.0    31.2    +      -       -      +
    355C  THR*     5.0     1.0    +      -       -      -
    356C  ALA*     3.9    11.2    -      -       +      +
    109D  ARG*     3.0    56.0    +      -       -      +
    110D  ASP*     3.7     9.9    -      -       -      +
    112D  ARG*     1.3    75.3    -      -       -      +
    114D  TYR*     1.3    62.5    +      -       -      +
    116D  LEU*     3.3     5.6    +      -       -      +
    117D  ARG*     3.1    26.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 114 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    356C  ALA      3.4    18.6    +      -       -      +
    357C  TYR*     3.6    33.4    -      +       -      -
    360C  PHE*     3.4    35.9    -      +       +      -
    362C  VAL*     3.8    17.5    -      -       +      +
     61D  PHE*     3.3    30.2    -      +       -      -
     98D  VAL*     4.4     6.3    -      -       +      -
     99D  PHE*     3.6    34.5    -      +       -      -
    110D  ASP      2.9    14.1    +      -       -      +
    111D  VAL      3.2     7.6    +      -       -      +
    113D  ARG*     1.3    75.6    -      -       -      +
    115D  ALA*     1.3    65.8    +      -       -      +
    117D  ARG*     3.2     1.9    +      -       -      -
    118D  LYS*     2.9    35.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 115 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     93D  LEU*     3.9    13.4    -      -       +      +
     99D  PHE*     4.2     5.8    -      -       +      -
    103D  ALA*     3.7    37.7    -      -       +      -
    104D  PHE*     3.8    10.8    -      -       +      -
    111D  VAL      2.8    16.5    +      -       -      +
    112D  ARG      3.2     9.8    +      -       -      +
    114D  TYR*     1.3    73.8    -      -       -      +
    116D  LEU*     1.3    56.6    +      -       -      +
    118D  LYS*     3.4     2.9    +      -       -      +
    119D  THR*     2.9    32.4    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 116 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    342C  THR*     3.7    23.3    -      -       +      -
    350C  LEU*     3.6    28.9    -      -       +      -
    104D  PHE*     3.7    25.8    -      -       +      -
    112D  ARG*     3.1    12.8    +      -       +      +
    113D  ARG*     3.6     6.7    -      -       -      +
    114D  TYR      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    115D  ALA*     1.3    74.2    -      -       -      +
    117D  ARG*     1.3    59.5    +      -       -      +
    119D  THR*     3.2     3.8    +      -       -      -
    120D  ILE*     2.8    38.1    +      -       +      +
    161D  ALA*     3.7    31.4    -      -       +      +
    164D  LEU*     3.7    22.0    -      -       +      -
    165D  LEU*     4.2    11.4    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 117 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    350C  LEU*     3.2    22.6    +      -       +      +
    351C  LEU*     2.9    49.5    +      -       -      +
    353C  ASP      3.1    26.3    +      -       -      -
    356C  ALA*     3.4    29.6    -      -       +      +
    357C  TYR*     3.7    39.2    -      -       +      +
    358C  GLU*     3.8    13.7    +      -       -      -
    113D  ARG      3.1    13.2    +      -       -      +
    114D  TYR      3.8     2.0    -      -       -      +
    116D  LEU*     1.3    73.1    -      -       -      +
    118D  LYS*     1.3    66.3    +      -       -      +
    120D  ILE*     3.3     5.1    +      -       -      +
    121D  ARG*     3.1    23.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 118 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    357C  TYR*     4.6    13.4    -      -       +      +
     55D  ASP*     2.5    34.1    +      -       -      +
     56D  ASP*     3.1    21.1    +      -       -      -
     61D  PHE*     4.0    23.1    -      -       -      -
     91D  THR*     3.9     6.9    -      -       +      +
     92D  ASN      2.9    26.3    +      -       -      +
     93D  LEU*     4.3     2.9    -      -       +      -
     99D  PHE*     4.1    21.1    -      -       +      -
    114D  TYR*     2.9    34.5    +      -       +      +
    115D  ALA      3.7     4.7    -      -       -      +
    117D  ARG*     1.3    77.7    -      -       -      +
    119D  THR*     1.3    63.8    +      -       -      +
    121D  ARG*     3.7     4.7    +      -       -      +
    122D  ASN*     3.5    15.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 119 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     91D  THR*     3.6    21.3    +      -       -      +
     93D  LEU*     3.5    22.7    -      -       -      +
    104D  PHE*     3.8     6.2    -      -       +      -
    115D  ALA      2.9    17.9    +      -       -      -
    116D  LEU*     3.5     6.3    -      -       -      -
    118D  LYS*     1.3    75.8    -      -       -      +
    120D  ILE*     1.3    63.9    +      -       -      +
    122D  ASN*     3.2     3.8    +      -       -      -
    123D  ILE*     3.0    35.2    +      -       +      +
    134D  TYR*     3.8    10.0    +      -       +      -
    165D  LEU*     3.9    30.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 120 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    347C  LEU*     4.0    21.1    -      -       +      -
    350C  LEU*     5.2     2.7    -      -       +      -
    351C  LEU*     3.8    31.2    -      -       +      -
    116D  LEU*     2.8    28.2    +      -       +      +
    117D  ARG*     3.3     9.6    +      -       -      +
    119D  THR*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
    121D  ARG*     1.3    63.0    +      -       -      +
    123D  ILE*     3.2    16.9    +      -       +      +
    124D  ASP*     3.3    15.2    +      -       -      +
    164D  LEU*     5.7     1.6    -      -       +      +
    165D  LEU*     4.1    19.1    -      -       +      -
    168D  TYR*     3.7    38.8    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 121 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    357C  TYR*     2.9    43.6    +      -       +      +
     63D  ALA      5.7     3.0    +      -       -      -
     65D  ASP*     3.2    31.9    +      -       -      +
     68D  ARG*     3.4    51.2    +      -       -      +
    117D  ARG      3.1    15.6    +      -       -      +
    118D  LYS*     4.1     5.2    -      -       -      +
    119D  THR      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    120D  ILE*     1.3    79.9    -      -       -      +
    122D  ASN*     1.3    62.3    +      -       -      +
    124D  ASP*     3.3    12.3    +      -       -      +
    125D  LEU*     3.3    17.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 122 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     53D  PHE*     3.7    10.1    -      -       -      -
     55D  ASP*     3.3    33.8    -      -       +      +
     68D  ARG*     4.8     6.0    +      -       -      +
     89D  ALA*     4.5     1.4    -      -       -      +
     90D  THR      2.8    30.9    +      -       -      +
     91D  THR*     4.7     0.7    -      -       -      +
    118D  LYS      3.5     8.9    +      -       -      +
    119D  THR      3.2     3.4    +      -       -      +
    121D  ARG*     1.3    77.4    -      -       -      +
    123D  ILE*     1.3    59.6    +      -       -      +
    125D  LEU*     3.3    25.0    +      -       -      +
    126D  ALA*     2.8    27.2    +      -       -      +
    134D  TYR*     2.9    22.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 123 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    119D  THR*     3.0    32.3    +      -       +      +
    120D  ILE*     3.2    12.5    +      -       -      +
    122D  ASN*     1.3    77.7    -      -       -      +
    124D  ASP*     1.3    62.7    +      -       -      +
    126D  ALA*     3.3     2.5    +      -       -      +
    127D  VAL*     3.0    25.0    +      -       +      +
    134D  TYR*     3.9    26.7    -      -       +      -
    165D  LEU*     4.1    11.0    -      -       +      +
    168D  TYR*     4.3     9.9    -      -       +      -
    169D  VAL*     4.1    22.0    -      -       +      -
    174D  TYR*     4.3    12.3    -      -       +      -
    176D  ILE*     4.7     7.0    -      -       +      -
    178D  PHE*     3.8    31.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 124 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    120D  ILE*     3.3    11.1    +      -       -      +
    121D  ARG*     3.5    12.7    -      -       +      +
    123D  ILE*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
    125D  LEU*     1.3    63.7    +      -       -      +
    127D  VAL*     3.3     5.4    +      -       -      +
    128D  GLU*     3.2    25.6    +      -       -      +
    168D  TYR*     2.5    31.0    +      -       -      -
    174D  TYR*     2.8    31.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 125 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     53D  PHE*     4.0    13.9    -      -       +      -
     58D  LEU*     4.1     5.6    -      -       +      -
     59D  ILE*     3.8    27.6    -      -       +      -
     68D  ARG*     4.0    14.8    -      -       -      +
     72D  VAL*     3.9    22.4    -      -       +      -
    121D  ARG      3.3     9.1    +      -       -      +
    122D  ASN*     3.3    24.0    +      -       -      +
    124D  ASP*     1.3    75.8    -      -       -      +
    126D  ALA*     1.3    67.6    -      -       -      +
    128D  GLU*     3.3    19.0    +      -       -      +
    129D  LEU*     3.1    39.6    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 126 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     53D  PHE*     5.0     2.5    -      -       -      -
     89D  ALA*     3.4    29.6    -      -       +      -
    122D  ASN      2.8    14.3    +      -       -      +
    123D  ILE      3.3    10.5    -      -       -      +
    124D  ASP      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    125D  LEU*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
    127D  VAL*     1.3    63.7    +      -       -      +
    129D  LEU*     3.1     7.5    +      -       -      +
    130D  GLY      3.1     4.5    +      -       -      -
    131D  ALA*     2.9    32.5    +      -       +      +
    134D  TYR*     3.9    12.3    -      -       +      -
    176D  ILE*     4.3     4.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 127 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    123D  ILE*     3.0    18.4    +      -       +      +
    124D  ASP      3.3     6.9    +      -       -      +
    126D  ALA*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
    128D  GLU*     1.3    60.0    +      -       +      +
    130D  GLY*     2.8    22.2    +      -       -      -
    131D  ALA      4.4     7.6    +      -       -      -
    174D  TYR*     3.5    54.7    -      -       +      -
    175D  ASP      5.7     2.5    -      -       -      +
    176D  ILE*     4.7    11.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 128 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     76D  ARG*     3.3    34.2    +      -       -      +
    124D  ASP      3.2    11.7    +      -       -      +
    125D  LEU*     3.6    25.5    -      -       +      +
    126D  ALA      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    127D  VAL*     1.3    80.0    -      -       +      +
    129D  LEU*     1.3    61.0    +      -       +      +
    130D  GLY*     3.0     5.7    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 129 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     53D  PHE*     3.6    36.6    -      -       +      -
     58D  LEU*     4.3     3.1    -      -       +      -
     72D  VAL*     5.6     2.7    -      -       +      +
     75D  PHE*     3.9    22.0    -      -       +      -
     76D  ARG*     3.6    37.5    -      -       +      +
     79D  LEU*     4.9     8.7    -      -       +      -
     86D  VAL*     4.0    29.0    +      -       +      +
    125D  LEU*     3.1    27.6    +      -       +      +
    126D  ALA*     3.1     7.4    +      -       -      +
    128D  GLU*     1.3    74.8    -      -       +      +
    130D  GLY*     1.3    59.9    +      -       -      +
    131D  ALA      3.4     0.6    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il