Contacts of the helix formed by residues 108 - 129 (chain E) in PDB entry 4HHM


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASP 108 (chain E).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    101E  ASP*     4.9     0.2    +      -       -      -
    106E  ALA*     3.2     1.8    -      -       +      +
    107E  ASN*     1.3    74.0    -      -       -      +
    109E  ARG*     1.3    65.6    +      -       -      +
    110E  ASP*     3.2    16.2    -      -       -      +
    111E  VAL*     3.1    23.6    +      -       +      +
    112E  ARG*     3.3    14.4    +      -       -      +
    334F  ARG*     2.8    51.1    +      -       -      +
    337F  GLN*     3.8     8.6    +      -       -      +
    365F  ALA      5.3     0.7    -      -       -      +
    368F  ARG*     3.2    24.5    +      -       -      +
    370F  MET*     4.0     9.4    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 109 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    107E  ASN      3.2     2.8    +      -       -      -
    108E  ASP*     1.3    71.8    -      -       -      +
    110E  ASP*     1.3    64.3    +      -       -      +
    112E  ARG*     3.1    38.3    +      -       -      +
    113E  ARG*     3.1    53.8    +      -       -      +
    337F  GLN*     2.9    24.1    -      -       +      +
    340F  GLU*     4.4    17.3    -      -       -      -
    341F  PRO      3.1    24.3    +      -       -      -
    342F  THR*     3.2    10.1    +      -       -      +
    343F  ALA*     4.7     1.6    -      -       -      +
    344F  ALA      5.1     1.8    -      -       -      +
    345F  ASP*     4.2     7.7    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 110 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    108E  ASP*     3.2     8.8    -      -       -      +
    109E  ARG*     1.3    78.0    +      -       -      +
    111E  VAL*     1.3    68.2    +      -       -      -
    113E  ARG*     3.6    12.6    +      -       -      +
    114E  TYR*     3.3    21.3    +      -       -      +
    337F  GLN*     4.5     1.6    +      -       -      +
    355F  THR      5.9     0.7    -      -       -      +
    356F  ALA*     5.6     1.2    -      -       -      -
    360F  PHE*     3.7    25.9    -      -       +      -
    365F  ALA*     4.5     0.7    -      -       -      +
    368F  ARG*     2.9    43.4    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 111 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     98E  VAL*     3.6    41.1    -      -       +      +
     99E  PHE*     3.9    13.4    -      -       +      -
    102E  GLY      3.7    18.2    -      -       -      +
    103E  ALA      4.4     0.9    -      -       -      +
    106E  ALA*     3.8     9.0    -      -       +      -
    108E  ASP*     3.1    20.1    +      -       +      +
    110E  ASP*     1.3    90.4    +      -       -      +
    112E  ARG*     1.3    66.9    +      -       -      +
    114E  TYR*     3.3     2.6    +      -       +      +
    115E  ALA*     2.9    21.8    +      -       -      +
    360F  PHE*     4.3     9.6    -      -       +      -
    365F  ALA*     4.6     0.9    -      -       +      +
    368F  ARG*     4.0     8.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 112 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    103E  ALA      3.2    20.1    -      -       -      +
    104E  PHE*     3.2    24.9    -      -       -      +
    105E  THR*     4.3     0.4    -      -       -      +
    106E  ALA      2.8    43.9    +      -       -      +
    107E  ASN      2.9    20.8    +      -       -      -
    108E  ASP      3.6     2.9    -      -       -      +
    109E  ARG*     3.1    28.9    +      -       -      +
    111E  VAL*     1.3    77.8    -      -       -      +
    113E  ARG*     1.3    61.9    +      -       -      +
    115E  ALA*     3.3     4.9    +      -       -      +
    116E  LEU*     3.2    24.9    +      -       -      +
    157E  ARG*     3.5    15.1    -      -       -      +
    337F  GLN      2.9    14.8    +      -       -      -
    338F  LEU*     3.7     5.5    -      -       -      +
    340F  GLU      2.7    29.7    +      -       -      -
    342F  THR*     2.7    32.6    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 113 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    109E  ARG*     3.1    45.2    +      -       -      +
    110E  ASP*     3.9    11.4    -      -       -      +
    112E  ARG*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
    114E  TYR*     1.3    62.5    +      -       -      +
    116E  LEU*     3.2     5.8    +      -       -      +
    117E  ARG*     3.1    27.7    +      -       -      +
    342F  THR*     2.9    40.1    +      -       +      +
    343F  ALA*     3.5     6.9    -      -       -      +
    345F  ASP*     3.1    33.5    +      -       -      -
    350F  LEU*     3.6    28.6    -      -       +      +
    353F  ASP*     2.5    36.8    +      -       -      +
    355F  THR*     5.6     0.8    +      -       -      -
    356F  ALA*     4.2    10.1    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 114 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     61E  PHE*     3.2    33.3    -      +       -      -
     98E  VAL*     4.4     4.9    -      -       +      -
     99E  PHE*     3.7    33.9    -      +       -      -
    110E  ASP      3.3    15.9    +      -       -      +
    111E  VAL      3.3     3.8    +      -       -      +
    113E  ARG*     1.3    78.4    -      -       -      +
    115E  ALA*     1.3    56.7    +      -       -      +
    117E  ARG*     3.1     2.8    +      -       -      -
    118E  LYS*     2.8    43.4    +      -       +      +
    356F  ALA      3.3    22.6    +      -       -      +
    357F  TYR*     4.0    29.5    -      +       -      -
    360F  PHE*     3.4    36.6    -      +       +      -
    362F  VAL*     3.9    16.1    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 115 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     93E  LEU*     3.7    11.7    -      -       +      +
     99E  PHE*     3.9     8.1    -      -       +      -
    103E  ALA*     3.6    37.9    -      -       +      -
    104E  PHE*     3.9     9.4    -      -       +      -
    111E  VAL      2.9    13.4    +      -       -      +
    112E  ARG      3.3     9.8    +      -       -      +
    114E  TYR*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
    116E  LEU*     1.3    59.6    +      -       -      +
    118E  LYS*     3.5     2.9    +      -       -      +
    119E  THR*     2.9    29.5    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 116 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    104E  PHE*     3.9    14.1    -      -       +      -
    112E  ARG*     3.2     8.0    +      -       +      +
    113E  ARG*     3.4     7.6    -      -       -      +
    115E  ALA*     1.3    76.5    -      -       -      +
    117E  ARG*     1.3    60.7    +      -       -      +
    119E  THR*     3.9     2.4    -      -       -      -
    120E  ILE*     3.0    39.2    +      -       +      +
    161E  ALA*     3.8    39.3    -      -       +      +
    164E  LEU*     3.8    17.9    -      -       +      -
    165E  LEU*     4.3    12.8    -      -       +      -
    342F  THR*     3.6    31.2    -      -       +      -
    350F  LEU*     3.8    25.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 117 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    113E  ARG      3.1    14.5    +      -       -      +
    114E  TYR      3.1     7.0    +      -       -      +
    116E  LEU*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
    118E  LYS*     1.3    63.4    +      -       -      +
    120E  ILE*     4.1     3.8    -      -       -      +
    121E  ARG*     3.3    23.6    +      -       -      +
    350F  LEU*     3.0    35.0    +      -       +      -
    351F  LEU*     3.0    40.2    +      -       -      +
    353F  ASP      2.9    28.5    +      -       -      -
    356F  ALA*     3.7    20.2    -      -       +      +
    357F  TYR*     3.8    26.1    -      -       +      +
    358F  GLU*     3.9    19.8    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 118 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     55E  ASP*     2.6    32.4    +      -       -      +
     56E  ASP*     2.8    22.2    +      -       -      -
     61E  PHE*     4.1    16.4    -      -       -      -
     91E  THR*     4.2     2.9    -      -       +      -
     92E  ASN      3.1    19.7    +      -       -      +
     93E  LEU*     4.1     5.6    -      -       +      -
     96E  HIS*     6.2     0.9    -      -       -      -
     99E  PHE*     4.1    23.3    -      -       +      -
    114E  TYR*     2.8    40.4    +      -       +      +
    115E  ALA*     3.6     6.7    -      -       -      +
    117E  ARG*     1.3    79.0    -      -       -      +
    119E  THR*     1.3    61.0    +      -       -      +
    121E  ARG*     3.7     4.7    +      -       -      +
    122E  ASN*     3.4    19.9    +      -       -      +
    357F  TYR*     4.5    12.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 119 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     91E  THR*     3.3    34.2    +      -       -      +
     93E  LEU*     3.5    12.7    -      -       +      +
    104E  PHE*     3.9     6.9    -      -       +      -
    115E  ALA      2.9    15.9    +      -       -      -
    116E  LEU      3.9     4.3    -      -       -      -
    118E  LYS*     1.3    76.8    -      -       -      +
    120E  ILE*     1.3    66.1    +      -       -      +
    121E  ARG      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    122E  ASN*     2.9     5.0    +      -       -      +
    123E  ILE*     2.8    24.5    +      -       +      +
    134E  TYR*     3.7    14.6    -      -       +      -
    165E  LEU*     4.1    27.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 120 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    116E  LEU*     3.0    30.8    +      -       +      +
    117E  ARG*     4.1     9.0    -      -       -      +
    119E  THR*     1.3    75.4    -      -       -      +
    121E  ARG*     1.3    65.9    +      -       -      +
    123E  ILE*     3.0    20.5    +      -       -      +
    124E  ASP*     3.2    14.5    +      -       -      +
    164E  LEU*     5.7     2.0    -      -       +      +
    165E  LEU*     4.0    18.4    -      -       +      -
    168E  TYR*     3.6    42.2    -      -       +      +
    347F  LEU*     4.0    15.9    -      -       +      -
    350F  LEU*     5.2     2.9    -      -       +      -
    351F  LEU*     3.6    28.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 121 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     63E  ALA      5.3     6.1    +      -       -      -
     65E  ASP*     3.0    33.9    +      -       -      -
     68E  ARG*     3.3    51.2    +      -       -      +
    117E  ARG      3.3    16.5    +      -       -      +
    118E  LYS*     3.9     5.4    -      -       -      +
    119E  THR      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
    120E  ILE*     1.3    81.6    -      -       -      +
    122E  ASN*     1.3    60.8    +      -       -      +
    124E  ASP*     3.4    13.9    +      -       +      +
    125E  LEU*     3.3    18.2    +      -       -      +
    357F  TYR*     2.6    50.0    +      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 122 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     53E  PHE*     3.6    19.2    -      -       -      -
     55E  ASP*     3.2    37.7    -      -       +      +
     68E  ARG*     5.3     2.8    +      -       -      +
     89E  ALA*     4.4     0.6    -      -       -      +
     90E  THR      2.8    30.1    +      -       -      +
    118E  LYS      3.4     9.6    +      -       -      +
    119E  THR*     2.9     6.2    +      -       -      +
    121E  ARG*     1.3    75.5    -      -       -      +
    123E  ILE*     1.3    60.1    +      -       -      +
    124E  ASP      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
    125E  LEU*     3.7    14.6    -      -       -      +
    126E  ALA*     2.9    26.2    +      -       -      +
    134E  TYR*     2.9    22.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 123 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    119E  THR*     2.8    20.4    +      -       +      +
    120E  ILE*     3.0    12.5    +      -       -      +
    122E  ASN*     1.3    77.9    -      -       -      +
    124E  ASP*     1.3    64.0    +      -       -      +
    126E  ALA*     3.2     2.2    +      -       -      +
    127E  VAL*     3.0    23.2    +      -       -      +
    134E  TYR*     3.9    24.9    -      -       +      -
    165E  LEU*     4.1    19.3    -      -       +      +
    168E  TYR*     4.6     7.2    -      -       +      -
    169E  VAL*     4.1    11.2    -      -       +      -
    174E  TYR*     4.2    12.3    -      -       +      -
    176E  ILE*     3.3    28.3    -      -       +      -
    178E  PHE*     3.7    29.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 124 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    120E  ILE*     3.2    12.1    +      -       -      +
    121E  ARG*     3.6    14.9    -      -       +      +
    122E  ASN      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    123E  ILE*     1.3    78.3    -      -       -      +
    125E  LEU*     1.3    61.5    +      -       -      +
    127E  VAL*     3.5     2.8    +      -       -      +
    128E  GLU*     3.0    24.3    +      -       -      +
    168E  TYR*     2.6    32.6    +      -       -      -
    174E  TYR*     2.9    29.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 125 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     53E  PHE*     4.1    11.7    -      -       +      -
     58E  LEU*     4.5     2.5    -      -       +      -
     59E  ILE*     3.6    31.0    -      -       +      -
     68E  ARG*     4.0    10.1    -      -       -      +
     72E  VAL*     3.7    24.7    -      -       +      -
    121E  ARG      3.3    11.0    +      -       -      +
    122E  ASN*     3.7    24.5    -      -       -      +
    123E  ILE      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    124E  ASP*     1.3    75.7    -      -       -      +
    126E  ALA*     1.3    67.7    +      -       -      +
    128E  GLU*     3.3    24.7    +      -       -      +
    129E  LEU*     3.1    37.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 126 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     53E  PHE*     4.7     3.1    -      -       -      -
     89E  ALA*     3.7    27.4    -      -       +      -
    122E  ASN      2.9    16.3    +      -       -      +
    123E  ILE*     3.2    11.2    +      -       +      +
    125E  LEU*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
    127E  VAL*     1.3    65.9    +      -       +      +
    129E  LEU*     2.9    16.8    +      -       -      +
    130E  GLY      3.0     8.7    +      -       -      -
    131E  ALA*     3.2    19.8    +      -       +      +
    133E  VAL      5.8     0.4    -      -       -      +
    134E  TYR*     4.0    11.9    -      -       +      -
    176E  ILE*     5.7     2.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 127 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    123E  ILE      3.0    18.8    +      -       -      +
    124E  ASP      3.9     4.5    -      -       -      +
    126E  ALA*     1.3    74.3    -      -       -      +
    128E  GLU*     1.3    59.1    +      -       -      +
    130E  GLY*     2.9    19.6    +      -       -      -
    131E  ALA      4.2     7.0    -      -       -      -
    174E  TYR*     3.6    56.5    -      -       +      -
    175E  ASP      5.2     2.0    -      -       -      +
    176E  ILE*     4.0    20.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 128 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     69E  GLU*     4.2    15.2    -      -       -      +
     72E  VAL*     4.6     4.5    -      -       -      +
     76E  ARG*     2.9    33.4    +      -       -      +
    124E  ASP      3.0    15.1    +      -       -      +
    125E  LEU*     3.3    29.8    -      -       +      +
    126E  ALA      3.1     0.4    -      -       -      -
    127E  VAL*     1.3    77.4    -      -       -      +
    129E  LEU*     1.3    58.3    +      -       -      +
    130E  GLY      3.7     0.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 129 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     53E  PHE*     3.5    39.3    -      -       +      -
     58E  LEU*     4.5     9.6    -      -       +      -
     72E  VAL*     5.4     5.6    -      -       +      +
     75E  PHE*     4.8    10.8    -      -       +      -
     76E  ARG*     3.7    40.8    -      -       +      +
     79E  LEU*     5.0     0.4    -      -       +      -
     85E  THR*     5.3     2.4    +      -       -      -
     86E  VAL*     4.5    30.6    +      -       +      +
    125E  LEU*     3.1    26.4    +      -       +      +
    126E  ALA*     2.9     9.0    +      -       -      +
    128E  GLU*     1.3    78.0    -      -       -      +
    130E  GLY*     1.3    59.5    +      -       -      +
    131E  ALA*     3.5     1.5    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il