Contacts of the helix formed by residues 108 - 129 (chain F) in PDB entry 4HHM


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASP 108 (chain F).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    334E  ARG*     2.6    55.9    +      -       -      +
    337E  GLN*     3.6     8.8    +      -       -      +
    365E  ALA      5.5     1.6    -      -       -      +
    368E  ARG*     4.1     8.8    +      -       -      +
    370E  MET*     3.8     8.8    -      -       -      +
    100F  LYS*     5.9     0.3    +      -       -      -
    106F  ALA*     3.3     1.6    -      -       +      +
    107F  ASN*     1.3    75.2    -      -       -      +
    109F  ARG*     1.3    65.5    +      -       -      +
    110F  ASP*     3.0    19.4    -      -       -      +
    111F  VAL*     3.2    26.0    +      -       +      +
    112F  ARG*     3.3    14.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 109 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    337E  GLN*     2.8    24.3    -      -       +      +
    340E  GLU*     4.1    19.0    +      -       -      +
    341E  PRO      2.9    21.4    +      -       -      +
    342E  THR*     3.0    23.5    +      -       -      +
    343E  ALA*     4.4     0.8    -      -       -      +
    344E  ALA*     4.4     5.1    -      -       -      +
    345E  ASP*     3.9    13.5    +      -       -      -
    108F  ASP*     1.3    71.7    -      -       -      +
    110F  ASP*     1.3    63.2    +      -       -      +
    112F  ARG*     3.0    33.6    +      -       -      +
    113F  ARG*     3.0    57.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 110 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    337E  GLN*     4.5     2.5    +      -       -      +
    355E  THR      6.0     0.4    -      -       -      +
    356E  ALA*     5.5     2.3    -      -       -      -
    360E  PHE*     3.1    34.2    -      -       +      -
    365E  ALA*     3.8    12.6    -      -       -      +
    108F  ASP*     3.0    29.2    -      -       -      +
    109F  ARG*     1.3    75.8    +      -       -      +
    111F  VAL*     1.3    61.1    +      -       -      -
    113F  ARG*     3.4    11.0    +      -       -      +
    114F  TYR*     3.1    22.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 111 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    360E  PHE*     4.3     6.5    -      -       +      -
    365E  ALA*     4.7     6.1    -      -       +      +
     98F  VAL*     3.5    39.3    -      -       +      +
     99F  PHE*     3.8    21.3    -      -       +      -
    102F  GLY      4.0     9.4    -      -       -      +
    103F  ALA      4.2     0.9    -      -       -      +
    106F  ALA*     3.9     9.2    -      -       +      -
    108F  ASP*     3.2    22.1    +      -       +      +
    110F  ASP*     1.3    90.3    +      -       -      +
    112F  ARG*     1.3    60.9    +      -       -      +
    114F  TYR*     3.2     2.7    +      -       +      +
    115F  ALA*     2.9    27.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 112 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    337E  GLN      2.9    14.8    +      -       -      -
    338E  LEU*     4.0     3.0    -      -       -      +
    340E  GLU      2.8    29.3    +      -       -      -
    341E  PRO      4.2     0.6    +      -       -      -
    342E  THR*     2.9    29.9    +      -       +      +
    103F  ALA      3.3    19.7    -      -       -      +
    104F  PHE*     3.1    25.0    -      -       -      +
    106F  ALA      2.8    45.5    +      -       -      +
    107F  ASN      2.8    21.0    +      -       -      -
    108F  ASP      3.5     2.9    -      -       -      +
    109F  ARG*     3.0    35.5    +      -       -      +
    111F  VAL*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
    113F  ARG*     1.3    60.7    +      -       -      +
    115F  ALA*     3.4     3.6    +      -       -      +
    116F  LEU*     3.3    27.3    +      -       +      +
    157F  ARG*     3.2    18.0    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 113 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    342E  THR*     2.8    35.5    +      -       +      +
    343E  ALA*     3.7    12.7    -      -       -      +
    345E  ASP*     4.0    12.1    +      -       -      -
    349E  ALA      4.3     1.2    +      -       -      -
    350E  LEU*     3.6    36.8    -      -       +      +
    353E  ASP*     2.6    40.0    +      -       -      +
    355E  THR*     5.3     0.6    +      -       -      -
    356E  ALA*     4.1    11.8    -      -       +      +
    109F  ARG*     3.0    54.5    +      -       +      +
    110F  ASP*     3.7    10.8    -      -       -      +
    111F  VAL      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    112F  ARG*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
    114F  TYR*     1.3    63.1    +      -       -      +
    116F  LEU*     3.5     4.2    +      -       -      +
    117F  ARG*     3.2    26.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 114 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    356E  ALA*     3.5    19.2    +      -       -      +
    357E  TYR*     3.6    34.0    -      +       -      -
    360E  PHE*     3.5    39.0    -      +       +      -
    362E  VAL*     4.0    16.9    -      -       +      +
     61F  PHE*     3.3    28.0    -      +       -      -
     98F  VAL*     4.4     6.3    -      -       +      -
     99F  PHE*     3.6    38.4    -      +       -      -
    110F  ASP      3.1     9.4    +      -       -      +
    111F  VAL      3.2     6.3    +      -       -      +
    113F  ARG*     1.3    75.4    -      -       -      +
    115F  ALA*     1.3    59.5    +      -       -      +
    117F  ARG*     3.1     1.4    +      -       -      -
    118F  LYS*     2.8    46.0    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 115 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     93F  LEU*     3.9    13.3    -      -       +      +
     99F  PHE*     4.0     5.4    -      -       +      -
    103F  ALA*     3.6    33.7    -      -       +      -
    104F  PHE*     3.9    12.3    -      -       +      -
    111F  VAL      2.9    16.7    +      -       -      +
    112F  ARG      3.6     6.1    -      -       -      +
    114F  TYR*     1.3    77.7    -      -       -      +
    116F  LEU*     1.3    56.3    +      -       -      +
    118F  LYS*     3.5     3.0    +      -       -      +
    119F  THR*     2.9    34.0    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 116 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    342E  THR*     3.6    31.0    -      -       +      -
    350E  LEU*     4.0    17.9    -      -       +      -
    104F  PHE*     3.6    17.3    -      -       +      -
    112F  ARG*     3.3    10.2    +      -       +      +
    113F  ARG*     3.8     6.3    -      -       -      +
    114F  TYR      3.2     0.6    -      -       -      -
    115F  ALA*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
    117F  ARG*     1.3    55.8    +      -       -      +
    119F  THR*     3.3     2.5    +      -       -      -
    120F  ILE*     2.8    44.2    +      -       +      +
    161F  ALA*     3.5    41.3    -      -       +      +
    164F  LEU*     3.8    22.9    -      -       +      -
    165F  LEU*     4.3    10.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 117 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    350E  LEU*     3.1    34.1    +      -       +      +
    351E  LEU*     3.2    34.9    +      -       -      +
    353E  ASP      2.9    29.1    +      -       -      -
    356E  ALA*     3.4    28.3    -      -       +      +
    357E  TYR*     3.7    34.8    -      -       +      +
    358E  GLU*     3.9    16.0    +      -       -      -
    113F  ARG      3.2     9.1    +      -       -      +
    114F  TYR      3.1     4.6    +      -       -      +
    116F  LEU*     1.3    75.3    -      -       -      +
    118F  LYS*     1.3    65.3    +      -       -      +
    120F  ILE*     3.5     5.5    +      -       -      +
    121F  ARG*     3.1    24.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 118 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    357E  TYR*     4.0    17.4    -      -       +      +
     55F  ASP*     2.6    32.3    +      -       -      +
     56F  ASP*     2.7    24.7    +      -       -      -
     61F  PHE*     4.7    11.1    -      -       -      -
     91F  THR*     4.1     2.5    -      -       +      +
     92F  ASN      3.3    15.9    +      -       -      -
     93F  LEU*     3.7    21.8    -      -       +      -
     96F  HIS*     6.3     1.3    -      -       -      -
     99F  PHE*     4.1    16.6    -      -       +      -
    114F  TYR*     2.8    37.3    +      -       +      +
    115F  ALA*     3.5     5.2    -      -       -      +
    117F  ARG*     1.3    79.4    -      -       -      +
    119F  THR*     1.3    64.4    +      -       -      +
    121F  ARG*     3.4    10.3    +      -       -      +
    122F  ASN*     3.4    11.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 119 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     91F  THR*     3.5    26.9    +      -       -      +
     93F  LEU*     3.5    17.8    -      -       -      +
    104F  PHE*     3.9     7.5    -      -       +      -
    115F  ALA      2.9    22.9    +      -       -      -
    116F  LEU*     3.6     7.0    -      -       -      -
    118F  LYS*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
    120F  ILE*     1.3    63.7    +      -       -      +
    122F  ASN*     2.9    14.7    +      -       -      +
    123F  ILE*     3.0    20.2    +      -       +      +
    134F  TYR*     4.0     9.2    -      -       +      -
    165F  LEU*     4.0    27.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 120 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    347E  LEU*     4.2    24.2    -      -       +      -
    350E  LEU*     4.6    10.5    -      -       +      -
    351E  LEU*     4.1    19.3    -      -       +      -
    116F  LEU*     2.8    30.0    +      -       +      +
    117F  ARG*     3.9     9.2    -      -       -      +
    118F  LYS      3.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
    119F  THR*     1.3    72.0    -      -       -      +
    121F  ARG*     1.3    64.4    +      -       -      +
    123F  ILE*     3.1    18.7    +      -       +      +
    124F  ASP*     3.3    14.1    +      -       -      +
    164F  LEU*     5.5     1.3    -      -       +      +
    165F  LEU*     3.9    21.1    -      -       +      -
    168F  TYR*     3.4    41.5    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 121 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    357E  TYR*     2.8    43.7    +      -       +      +
     63F  ALA      5.4     5.3    +      -       -      -
     65F  ASP*     2.9    27.7    +      -       -      +
     68F  ARG*     3.2    52.3    +      -       -      +
    117F  ARG      3.1    17.9    +      -       -      +
    118F  LYS      3.7     5.6    -      -       -      +
    119F  THR      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    120F  ILE*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
    122F  ASN*     1.3    60.6    +      -       -      +
    124F  ASP*     3.5    20.2    +      -       +      +
    125F  LEU*     3.5    11.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 122 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     53F  PHE*     4.1    10.3    -      -       -      -
     55F  ASP*     3.1    35.9    -      -       +      +
     68F  ARG*     5.2     4.5    +      -       -      +
     89F  ALA*     4.3     1.6    -      -       -      +
     90F  THR      2.9    30.7    +      -       -      +
     91F  THR*     4.8     0.7    -      -       +      +
    118F  LYS      3.4     7.5    +      -       -      +
    119F  THR      2.9     5.7    +      -       -      +
    121F  ARG*     1.3    75.8    -      -       -      +
    123F  ILE*     1.3    59.4    +      -       -      +
    124F  ASP      3.2     0.7    -      -       -      -
    125F  LEU*     3.7    23.0    -      -       -      +
    126F  ALA*     2.9    28.2    +      -       -      +
    134F  TYR*     3.0    21.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 123 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    119F  THR*     3.0    21.2    +      -       +      +
    120F  ILE*     3.1    12.5    +      -       -      +
    122F  ASN*     1.3    79.3    -      -       -      +
    124F  ASP*     1.3    57.9    +      -       -      +
    126F  ALA*     3.4     2.4    +      -       -      +
    127F  VAL*     3.1    29.8    +      -       +      +
    134F  TYR*     4.0    24.2    -      -       +      -
    165F  LEU*     4.0    19.3    -      -       +      -
    168F  TYR*     4.2    13.2    -      -       +      -
    169F  VAL*     4.3     8.7    -      -       +      -
    174F  TYR*     4.1    23.1    -      -       +      -
    176F  ILE*     4.7     9.0    -      -       +      -
    178F  PHE*     3.6    32.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 124 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    120F  ILE*     3.3    10.8    +      -       -      +
    121F  ARG*     3.7    12.7    -      -       +      +
    123F  ILE*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
    125F  LEU*     1.3    60.1    +      -       -      +
    127F  VAL*     3.4     3.3    +      -       -      +
    128F  GLU*     3.0    28.0    +      -       -      +
    168F  TYR*     2.5    31.3    +      -       -      -
    172F  GLN*     5.8     0.2    -      -       -      -
    174F  TYR*     2.6    32.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 125 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     53F  PHE*     4.5     2.7    -      -       +      -
     58F  LEU*     4.3     7.9    -      -       +      -
     59F  ILE*     3.9    19.1    -      -       +      -
     68F  ARG*     3.7    24.9    -      -       -      +
     72F  VAL*     4.0    22.9    -      -       +      -
    121F  ARG      3.5     9.0    +      -       -      +
    122F  ASN*     3.4    23.3    +      -       -      +
    123F  ILE      3.4     0.4    -      -       -      -
    124F  ASP*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
    126F  ALA*     1.3    65.3    +      -       -      +
    128F  GLU*     3.3    22.4    +      -       -      +
    129F  LEU*     3.0    42.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 126 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     53F  PHE*     4.9     3.1    -      -       -      -
     89F  ALA*     3.6    28.5    -      -       +      -
    122F  ASN      2.9    18.0    +      -       -      +
    123F  ILE      3.5     5.8    -      -       -      +
    125F  LEU*     1.3    77.1    -      -       -      +
    127F  VAL*     1.3    61.6    +      -       -      +
    129F  LEU*     3.1    10.4    +      -       -      -
    131F  ALA*     2.9    36.6    +      -       +      +
    134F  TYR*     3.9    13.9    -      -       +      -
    176F  ILE*     4.5     4.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 127 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    123F  ILE      3.1    17.8    +      -       -      +
    124F  ASP      3.7     4.7    -      -       -      +
    125F  LEU      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    126F  ALA*     1.3    75.2    -      -       -      +
    128F  GLU*     1.3    59.8    +      -       -      +
    130F  GLY*     2.9    18.9    +      -       -      -
    131F  ALA      4.2     7.9    -      -       -      +
    174F  TYR*     3.6    53.6    -      -       +      -
    175F  ASP      5.7     1.8    -      -       -      +
    176F  ILE*     4.5    17.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 128 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     72F  VAL*     6.2     0.3    -      -       -      +
     76F  ARG*     3.1    36.0    +      -       -      +
    124F  ASP      3.0    16.6    +      -       -      +
    125F  LEU*     3.5    27.2    -      -       +      +
    127F  VAL*     1.3    78.1    -      -       -      +
    129F  LEU*     1.3    58.0    +      -       +      +
    130F  GLY      3.3     1.1    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 129 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     53F  PHE*     3.5    35.7    -      -       +      -
     58F  LEU*     4.3    10.5    -      -       +      -
     72F  VAL*     6.5     0.4    -      -       +      -
     75F  PHE*     4.7     4.5    -      -       +      -
     76F  ARG*     3.4    36.3    -      -       +      +
     79F  LEU*     3.9    23.1    -      -       +      +
     86F  VAL*     4.0    27.7    +      -       +      +
    125F  LEU*     3.0    32.8    +      -       +      +
    126F  ALA      3.1     5.6    +      -       -      +
    127F  VAL      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    128F  GLU*     1.3    77.0    -      -       +      +
    130F  GLY*     1.3    60.1    +      -       -      +
    131F  ALA      3.3     0.8    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il