Contacts of the helix formed by residues 80 - 101 (chain B) in PDB entry 4HWL


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with TRP 80 (chain B).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     25A  LEU*     5.6     4.9    -      -       +      +
     26A  TYR*     4.4    30.3    -      +       +      -
     29A  VAL*     3.9    36.4    -      -       +      +
     56B  MET*     6.5     0.2    -      -       -      -
     65B  GLY*     2.8    37.7    +      -       -      +
     66B  LEU      3.8     5.4    +      -       -      +
     67B  THR*     3.7    27.4    -      -       +      -
     78B  ILE*     3.3     6.8    +      -       +      +
     79B  TYR*     1.3    69.4    -      -       -      +
     81B  ALA*     1.3    72.7    +      -       +      +
     82B  ARG      3.0     2.9    -      -       -      -
     83B  TYR*     3.0    28.9    +      -       -      +
     84B  ALA*     3.7    14.7    +      -       +      -
    123B  LEU*     4.0    18.9    -      -       +      +
    127B  LEU*     4.8     7.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 81 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     56B  MET*     3.9    20.3    -      -       -      +
     59B  SER*     5.5     2.5    -      -       -      -
     60B  MET*     3.6    31.6    -      -       +      +
     64B  TYR      4.6     0.4    -      -       -      +
     65B  GLY*     3.2    18.9    +      -       -      +
     79B  TYR      3.2     1.0    -      -       -      -
     80B  TRP*     1.3    87.3    -      -       +      +
     82B  ARG*     1.3    61.7    +      -       -      +
     84B  ALA*     3.1    17.2    +      -       -      +
     85B  ASP*     3.2    11.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 82 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     13B  LEU*     4.7     2.6    -      -       -      +
     57B  TYR*     4.0    16.2    +      -       -      -
     60B  MET*     4.1    27.5    -      -       +      +
     79B  TYR*     3.8    34.1    -      -       -      +
     80B  TRP      3.0     1.2    -      -       -      -
     81B  ALA*     1.3    77.4    -      -       -      +
     83B  TYR*     1.3    61.6    +      -       +      +
     85B  ASP*     3.3     9.0    -      -       -      +
     86B  TRP*     2.8    69.3    +      -       +      +
    194B  GLU*     5.2     3.8    +      -       -      -
    201B  LEU*     5.4     2.0    -      -       -      +
    204B  GLU*     5.6     0.6    -      -       -      +
    205B  THR*     3.6    41.2    +      -       -      +
    208B  PHE*     3.6    34.6    -      -       -      +
    212B  ASP*     4.3     3.8    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 83 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     25A  LEU*     3.8     4.3    -      -       +      +
     78B  ILE*     5.2     1.3    -      -       +      -
     79B  TYR      4.0    12.8    -      -       -      -
     80B  TRP*     3.0    20.7    +      -       -      +
     82B  ARG*     1.3    80.7    -      -       +      +
     84B  ALA*     1.3    54.7    +      -       -      +
     86B  TRP*     4.3    15.3    -      +       -      +
     87B  LEU*     2.8    35.0    +      -       -      +
    119B  ILE*     3.5    31.3    -      -       +      +
    122B  GLY      3.6     4.0    -      -       -      -
    123B  LEU*     3.6    44.6    -      -       +      -
    126B  ALA*     3.5    24.3    -      -       +      +
    189B  TRP*     2.9    31.5    +      -       -      -
    194B  GLU*     4.5     4.4    +      -       +      +
    301B  RET      3.9    18.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 84 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     22A  LEU*     4.5    17.2    -      -       +      +
     25A  LEU*     3.7    19.1    -      -       +      +
     52B  ILE*     4.9     0.9    -      -       -      +
     56B  MET*     4.1    15.7    -      -       -      -
     80B  TRP*     3.7    14.9    +      -       +      +
     81B  ALA*     3.1    14.8    +      -       -      +
     83B  TYR*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
     85B  ASP*     1.3    63.1    -      -       -      +
     87B  LEU*     3.8     2.1    +      -       -      +
     88B  PHE*     3.2    28.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 85 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     52B  ILE*     4.1     6.0    -      -       -      +
     53B  ALA*     3.2    32.1    -      -       -      +
     56B  MET*     3.7    26.8    -      -       +      +
     57B  TYR*     4.5     9.2    -      -       -      -
     60B  MET*     6.0     0.5    -      -       -      +
     81B  ALA      3.2     5.0    +      -       -      +
     82B  ARG*     3.3    11.4    -      -       -      +
     84B  ALA*     1.3    76.0    -      -       -      +
     86B  TRP*     1.4    72.4    +      -       -      +
     88B  PHE*     3.2     6.4    +      -       -      +
     89B  THR*     2.8    50.0    +      -       -      +
    212B  ASP*     5.1     0.3    -      -       -      +
    216B  LYS*     3.6     4.9    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 86 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     82B  ARG*     2.8    58.2    +      -       +      +
     83B  TYR*     4.2    18.8    -      +       -      +
     85B  ASP*     1.4    82.9    -      -       -      +
     87B  LEU*     1.3    65.1    +      -       -      +
     88B  PHE      3.1     0.7    +      -       -      -
     89B  THR*     3.4     4.9    -      -       -      -
     90B  THR*     2.7    33.5    +      -       +      -
    119B  ILE*     3.7    16.1    -      -       +      +
    185B  TYR*     3.6    21.5    -      +       -      -
    208B  PHE*     3.9    25.1    -      +       -      -
    212B  ASP*     3.2    27.3    +      -       -      -
    301B  RET      3.5    63.1    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 87 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     21A  GLY*     4.1    13.9    -      -       -      +
     25A  LEU*     3.8    31.2    -      -       +      -
     54A  PHE*     4.8    17.7    -      -       +      -
     83B  TYR      2.8    23.5    +      -       -      +
     84B  ALA      3.8     7.9    -      -       -      +
     85B  ASP      3.2     0.6    +      -       -      -
     86B  TRP*     1.3    71.3    -      -       -      +
     88B  PHE*     1.3    84.1    +      -       +      +
     91B  PRO*     3.1    20.3    -      -       -      +
    115B  ASP*     4.7     1.5    -      -       -      +
    116B  GLY*     4.6    17.9    -      -       -      +
    119B  ILE*     3.9    22.6    -      -       +      +
    120B  GLY*     5.7     0.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 88 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     17A  THR*     4.6     6.5    -      -       +      -
     18A  ALA*     3.7    29.6    -      -       +      -
     21A  GLY*     4.4     1.3    -      -       -      -
     22A  LEU*     3.4    45.5    -      -       +      -
     54A  PHE*     4.9     7.0    -      +       -      -
     52B  ILE*     4.1    25.8    -      -       +      -
     84B  ALA      3.2    26.2    -      -       -      -
     85B  ASP      3.2     3.8    +      -       -      +
     86B  TRP      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
     87B  LEU*     1.3   101.4    -      -       +      +
     89B  THR*     1.3    68.2    +      -       -      +
     90B  THR      3.4     0.4    -      -       -      -
     91B  PRO*     3.3     6.2    -      -       +      +
     92B  LEU*     3.1    31.7    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 89 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     49B  VAL*     3.4    34.8    -      -       -      +
     52B  ILE*     3.8    17.0    -      -       +      -
     85B  ASP*     2.8    38.8    +      -       -      +
     86B  TRP*     3.4     7.6    -      -       -      -
     88B  PHE*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
     90B  THR*     1.3    65.2    +      -       -      +
     92B  LEU*     3.4     7.1    +      -       -      +
     93B  LEU*     3.1    27.8    +      -       -      +
    216B  LYS*     3.4    22.4    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 90 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     86B  TRP*     2.7    30.2    +      -       +      +
     89B  THR*     1.3    76.0    +      -       -      +
     91B  PRO*     1.4    62.3    -      -       -      +
     93B  LEU*     3.2     6.4    +      -       -      +
     94B  LEU*     3.1    24.1    +      -       -      +
    115B  ASP*     2.6    34.6    +      -       -      -
    118B  MET*     4.5     2.9    -      -       +      -
    119B  ILE*     4.0     2.4    -      -       -      +
    182B  TRP*     3.7    13.7    -      -       +      -
    301B  RET      3.5    49.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PRO 91 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     87B  LEU      3.1    26.9    -      -       -      +
     88B  PHE*     3.3    14.6    -      -       -      +
     90B  THR*     1.4    96.9    -      -       -      +
     92B  LEU*     1.3    57.8    +      -       +      +
     94B  LEU*     3.2     9.3    +      -       +      +
     95B  LEU*     2.8    28.5    +      -       -      +
    112B  VAL*     4.1    34.5    -      -       +      +
    115B  ASP*     3.4    14.8    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 92 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     45B  ILE*     3.5    26.1    -      -       +      +
     48B  LEU*     3.8    34.1    -      -       +      -
     49B  VAL*     3.7    23.1    -      -       +      -
     52B  ILE*     4.1     8.5    -      -       +      -
     88B  PHE*     3.1    27.2    +      -       +      +
     89B  THR*     3.7     4.3    -      -       -      +
     91B  PRO*     1.3    76.0    -      -       +      +
     93B  LEU*     1.3    62.8    +      -       -      +
     95B  LEU*     3.1    18.4    +      -       +      +
     96B  ASP*     3.0    20.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 93 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     46B  THR*     6.0     1.6    -      -       +      -
     49B  VAL*     4.3    18.4    -      -       +      -
     89B  THR      3.1    22.3    +      -       -      +
     90B  THR*     3.2     7.4    +      -       -      +
     92B  LEU*     1.3    74.4    -      -       -      +
     94B  LEU*     1.3    64.5    +      -       -      +
     95B  LEU      3.3     0.3    +      -       -      -
     96B  ASP*     3.3    10.5    +      -       -      +
     97B  LEU*     3.2    25.6    +      -       +      +
    182B  TRP*     4.4    11.2    -      -       +      +
    215B  ALA      3.7    20.2    -      -       -      +
    216B  LYS*     4.3    13.2    -      -       +      +
    219B  PHE*     3.5    41.8    -      -       +      -
    301B  RET      3.8    26.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 94 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     90B  THR      3.1    14.0    +      -       -      +
     91B  PRO*     3.2     8.9    +      -       +      +
     93B  LEU*     1.3    75.9    -      -       -      +
     95B  LEU*     1.3    56.7    +      -       -      +
     97B  LEU*     3.2    10.9    +      -       +      +
     98B  ALA*     2.8    30.0    +      -       -      +
    111B  LEU*     3.9    35.4    -      -       +      +
    112B  VAL*     5.6     3.1    -      -       +      -
    115B  ASP*     3.3    24.5    -      -       +      +
    148B  ILE*     3.9    23.8    -      -       +      -
    152B  LEU*     3.8    35.7    -      -       +      -
    156B  PHE*     4.5     2.1    -      -       -      -
    182B  TRP*     3.9    13.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 95 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     62A  LEU*     5.9     6.7    -      -       +      -
     45B  ILE*     3.8    21.8    -      -       +      -
     91B  PRO      2.8    13.7    +      -       -      +
     92B  LEU*     3.1    23.1    +      -       +      +
     94B  LEU*     1.3    73.6    -      -       -      +
     96B  ASP*     1.3    60.5    +      -       -      +
     98B  ALA*     3.2     3.0    +      -       -      -
     99B  LEU*     2.9    55.0    +      -       +      +
    108B  ILE*     4.7    26.0    -      -       +      -
    112B  VAL*     6.1     2.9    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 96 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     42B  PHE*     3.5    28.7    -      -       +      +
     45B  ILE*     3.6    26.4    -      -       -      +
     46B  THR*     2.6    32.8    +      -       -      +
     49B  VAL*     5.5     0.3    -      -       -      +
     92B  LEU      3.0     8.9    +      -       -      +
     93B  LEU*     3.3    14.1    -      -       -      +
     95B  LEU*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
     97B  LEU*     1.3    63.3    +      -       -      +
     99B  LEU*     4.9     0.9    -      -       -      -
    100B  LEU*     3.0    25.5    +      -       -      +
    174B  LEU*     6.3     0.4    -      -       +      -
    219B  PHE*     3.7    25.5    -      -       +      -
    223B  LEU*     4.9     6.5    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 97 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     93B  LEU*     3.2    14.5    +      -       +      +
     94B  LEU*     3.2    14.4    +      -       +      +
     96B  ASP*     1.3    78.3    -      -       -      +
     98B  ALA*     1.3    62.4    +      -       -      +
    100B  LEU*     3.3     8.7    +      -       +      +
    101B  VAL*     3.3    27.5    +      -       -      +
    152B  LEU*     3.8    32.5    -      -       +      -
    156B  PHE*     3.8    13.9    -      -       +      -
    171B  PHE*     4.3    17.8    -      -       +      -
    174B  LEU*     3.8    35.4    -      -       +      +
    175B  ARG*     5.3     2.0    -      -       -      -
    178B  THR*     4.1    17.0    -      -       +      +
    182B  TRP*     6.4     0.2    -      -       +      -
    219B  PHE*     3.8    13.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 98 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     94B  LEU      2.8    17.7    +      -       -      +
     95B  LEU*     3.2     7.4    +      -       -      +
     97B  LEU*     1.3    78.3    -      -       -      +
     99B  LEU*     1.3    56.6    +      -       -      +
    101B  VAL      3.4     1.4    +      -       -      -
    102B  ASP      2.9     7.4    +      -       -      -
    103B  ALA*     2.8    28.8    +      -       +      -
    108B  ILE*     3.7    33.9    -      -       +      -
    111B  LEU*     5.5     1.6    -      -       +      -
    156B  PHE*     3.5    22.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 99 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     38B  ASP*     6.1     0.2    -      -       -      +
     41B  LYS*     4.6    21.3    -      -       +      -
     42B  PHE*     3.8    25.3    -      -       +      -
     45B  ILE*     3.4    33.0    -      -       +      -
     95B  LEU*     2.9    36.1    +      -       +      +
     98B  ALA*     1.3    70.1    -      -       -      +
    100B  LEU*     1.3    66.2    +      -       -      +
    101B  VAL      3.4     0.2    +      -       -      -
    102B  ASP*     3.4    10.9    +      -       -      +
    108B  ILE*     5.4     6.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 100 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     42B  PHE*     3.7    12.0    -      -       +      -
     96B  ASP      3.0    15.7    +      -       -      +
     97B  LEU*     3.3    13.0    +      -       +      +
     99B  LEU*     1.3    78.8    -      -       -      +
    101B  VAL*     1.3    57.4    +      -       +      +
    102B  ASP*     3.3     1.0    +      -       -      +
    163B  MET*     4.5     4.0    -      -       -      +
    167B  VAL*     3.7    24.0    -      -       +      +
    170B  THR*     4.2     3.1    -      -       +      -
    171B  PHE*     3.8    43.5    -      -       +      +
    174B  LEU*     3.9    21.5    -      -       +      -
    223B  LEU*     4.3    15.0    -      -       +      -
    228B  ALA*     4.0    35.9    -      -       +      +
    229B  ILE*     4.9     0.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 101 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     97B  LEU      3.5    15.5    -      -       -      +
     98B  ALA      3.6     7.0    -      -       -      +
    100B  LEU*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
    102B  ASP*     1.3    54.6    +      -       -      +
    103B  ALA*     4.0     9.0    -      -       +      +
    156B  PHE*     3.6    34.3    -      -       +      +
    159B  LYS*     2.6    45.0    -      -       +      +
    160B  ALA*     3.8    23.1    -      -       +      +
    163B  MET*     4.0    10.0    -      -       -      +
    167B  VAL*     5.2     2.0    -      -       +      -
    171B  PHE*     3.8    33.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il