Contacts of the helix formed by residues 40 - 62 (chain B) in PDB entry 4HYJ


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with TYR 40 (chain B).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     36B  LEU*     3.5    11.9    -      -       +      +
     37B  ALA*     2.8    20.4    +      -       +      +
     39B  GLU*     1.3   112.5    +      -       +      +
     41B  ARG*     1.3    64.4    +      -       -      +
     42B  SER*     3.3     3.1    -      -       -      -
     43B  THR*     3.2    25.7    +      -       -      -
    100B  LEU*     5.2     5.2    -      -       +      -
    173B  PRO*     5.3     2.1    -      -       -      +
    176B  ILE*     4.1    14.7    -      -       +      +
    236B  VAL*     3.4    38.8    -      -       +      -
    239B  MET*     3.5    40.1    -      -       +      +
    240B  SER*     3.6    21.8    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 41 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     33B  ARG*     3.3    47.7    +      -       +      +
     34B  ASN*     3.0    20.8    +      -       -      +
     36B  LEU*     2.6    31.2    +      -       +      +
     37B  ALA      3.3    13.0    -      -       -      +
     38B  PRO*     3.2    39.8    +      -       -      +
     40B  TYR*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
     42B  SER*     1.3    64.7    +      -       -      +
     44B  ALA*     3.0     7.3    +      -       -      +
     45B  THR*     3.0    23.8    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 42 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     77A  PHE*     5.5    13.9    -      -       -      -
     38B  PRO      4.8     1.4    +      -       -      -
     39B  GLU      4.4    10.9    +      -       -      -
     41B  ARG*     1.3    75.1    -      -       -      +
     43B  THR*     1.3    66.0    +      -       -      +
     45B  THR*     3.5    10.0    -      -       -      -
     46B  VAL*     2.9    29.9    +      -       -      +
     99B  LEU*     3.8    30.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 43 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     40B  TYR*     3.3    16.8    +      -       -      -
     41B  ARG      3.1     0.4    -      -       -      -
     42B  SER*     1.3    81.7    +      -       -      +
     44B  ALA*     1.3    61.9    +      -       -      +
     46B  VAL*     3.6     0.5    +      -       -      +
     47B  ALA*     3.2    21.5    +      -       -      +
     96B  LYS*     3.9    13.0    -      -       +      +
     99B  LEU*     4.4    14.9    -      -       +      +
    100B  LEU*     3.9    21.2    -      -       +      +
    229B  GLY      5.8     0.2    -      -       -      +
    232B  ALA*     4.0    29.4    -      -       +      -
    233B  PHE*     4.6     2.7    -      -       -      +
    236B  VAL*     3.9    23.1    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 44 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     29B  PHE*     3.7    29.2    -      -       +      +
     30B  LEU*     6.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
     33B  ARG*     3.9    15.5    -      -       +      +
     36B  LEU*     4.0    18.1    -      -       +      +
     40B  TYR      4.0     0.6    +      -       -      -
     41B  ARG      3.0     9.3    +      -       -      +
     43B  THR*     1.3    77.3    -      -       -      +
     45B  THR*     1.3    60.6    +      -       -      +
     47B  ALA*     3.4     6.8    +      -       -      +
     48B  ALA*     2.8    31.4    +      -       -      +
    233B  PHE*     5.0     9.9    -      -       +      -
    236B  VAL*     5.8     0.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 45 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    305A  LFA      4.0    26.7    -      -       +      -
     30B  LEU*     5.5     0.9    -      -       -      -
     33B  ARG*     2.7    34.0    +      -       -      +
     41B  ARG      3.0     9.3    +      -       -      -
     42B  SER*     3.2    13.2    +      -       -      -
     44B  ALA*     1.3    77.3    -      -       -      +
     46B  VAL*     1.3    57.5    +      -       +      +
     48B  ALA*     3.1     7.5    +      -       -      +
     49B  LEU*     2.9    29.5    +      -       +      +
    303B  LFA      3.5    26.7    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 46 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    305A  LFA      5.5     7.9    -      -       +      -
     42B  SER*     2.9    20.3    +      -       -      +
     43B  THR      4.0     3.1    -      -       -      +
     45B  THR*     1.3    78.7    -      -       +      +
     47B  ALA*     1.3    59.0    +      -       -      +
     49B  LEU*     3.1    10.2    +      -       +      +
     50B  VAL*     2.9    30.0    +      -       +      +
     92B  LEU*     3.3    46.9    -      -       +      +
     95B  VAL*     4.7     7.0    -      -       +      -
     96B  LYS*     4.1    15.7    -      -       +      +
     99B  LEU*     3.7    20.4    -      -       +      -
    309B  LFA      5.5     3.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 47 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     29B  PHE*     3.8    32.1    -      -       +      -
     43B  THR*     3.2    15.7    +      -       +      +
     44B  ALA*     3.6     5.4    -      -       -      +
     45B  THR      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     46B  VAL*     1.3    79.5    -      -       -      +
     48B  ALA*     1.3    61.6    +      -       -      +
     50B  VAL*     3.5     3.5    +      -       -      +
     51B  THR*     3.2    29.3    +      -       -      +
     96B  LYS*     3.5    23.1    -      -       -      +
    225B  LYS      5.6     0.9    -      -       -      +
    229B  GLY*     4.4     4.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 48 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     26B  THR*     3.4     7.6    +      -       +      +
     29B  PHE*     3.9    13.9    -      -       +      +
     30B  LEU*     3.7    35.7    -      -       +      +
     44B  ALA      2.8    20.4    +      -       -      +
     45B  THR      3.1     4.7    +      -       -      +
     47B  ALA*     1.3    73.3    -      -       -      +
     49B  LEU*     1.3    58.2    +      -       -      +
     51B  THR*     3.0     9.6    +      -       -      -
     52B  PHE*     2.8    30.3    +      -       -      +
    303B  LFA      4.1     6.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 49 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     84A  ILE*     4.0    15.5    -      -       +      -
    305A  LFA      3.7    64.6    -      -       +      -
     45B  THR*     2.9    13.7    +      -       +      +
     46B  VAL*     3.1    12.1    +      -       +      +
     48B  ALA*     1.3    76.5    -      -       -      +
     50B  VAL*     1.3    62.5    +      -       -      +
     52B  PHE*     3.1     3.4    +      -       +      +
     53B  VAL*     3.0    28.0    +      -       +      +
     92B  LEU*     3.5    31.0    -      -       +      -
    303B  LFA      4.0    22.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 50 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     46B  VAL*     2.9    18.0    +      -       +      +
     47B  ALA*     3.9     6.5    -      -       -      +
     48B  ALA      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     49B  LEU*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
     51B  THR*     1.3    63.7    +      -       +      +
     53B  VAL      3.5     0.3    +      -       -      -
     54B  ALA*     3.2    20.4    +      -       -      +
     89B  THR*     3.6    27.3    -      -       -      +
     92B  LEU*     3.5    34.5    -      -       +      -
     93B  LEU*     4.0    19.1    -      -       +      +
     96B  LYS*     5.6     0.2    -      -       -      +
    225B  LYS*     3.6    41.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 51 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     22B  MET*     3.4    31.7    -      -       -      +
     25B  GLY*     3.5     1.3    -      -       -      -
     26B  THR*     2.9    30.8    +      -       -      -
     29B  PHE*     4.4    13.0    -      -       +      -
     47B  ALA      3.2    14.4    +      -       -      +
     48B  ALA      3.0     7.6    +      -       -      -
     50B  VAL*     1.3    76.3    -      -       +      +
     52B  PHE*     1.3    58.8    +      -       -      +
     54B  ALA      3.5     0.2    +      -       -      -
     55B  ALA*     2.9    25.6    +      -       -      +
    225B  LYS*     4.2    23.6    -      -       +      +
    226B  VAL*     4.3    17.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 52 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     52A  PHE*     3.8    21.5    -      +       -      -
     56A  ILE*     3.6    24.2    -      -       +      -
    305A  LFA      4.1    18.8    -      -       +      -
     26B  THR*     3.1    19.0    +      -       +      +
     48B  ALA      2.8    18.2    +      -       -      +
     49B  LEU      3.4     5.8    -      -       -      +
     51B  THR*     1.3    74.7    -      -       -      +
     53B  VAL*     1.3    66.7    +      -       -      +
     55B  ALA*     3.1     7.9    +      -       +      +
     56B  ILE*     3.1    46.4    +      -       +      +
    303B  LFA      3.9    37.5    -      -       +      -
    306B  LFA      6.1     0.7    -      -       +      -
    314B  LFA      3.5    30.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 53 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    304A  LFA      3.6    22.4    -      -       +      +
    305A  LFA      3.9    25.6    -      -       +      -
     49B  LEU*     3.0    26.1    +      -       +      +
     52B  PHE*     1.3    75.6    -      -       -      +
     54B  ALA*     1.3    63.2    +      -       -      +
     56B  ILE*     3.2    11.9    +      -       -      +
     57B  HIS*     3.1    19.6    +      -       -      +
     85B  ASP*     3.9     7.2    -      -       -      -
     88B  VAL*     3.5    37.5    -      -       +      -
     89B  THR*     3.6    19.5    -      -       +      -
     92B  LEU*     5.8     0.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 54 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     22B  MET*     3.7    32.5    -      -       +      -
     50B  VAL      3.2    13.8    +      -       -      +
     51B  THR      3.8     0.2    -      -       -      +
     53B  VAL*     1.3    78.1    -      -       -      +
     55B  ALA*     1.3    57.6    +      -       -      +
     57B  HIS*     3.1     2.8    +      -       -      +
     58B  TYR*     2.9    40.2    +      -       +      -
     85B  ASP*     3.6    15.3    -      -       -      +
     89B  THR*     4.6     0.4    -      -       -      +
    221B  ASP*     5.8     0.4    -      -       +      +
    225B  LYS*     3.8    17.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 55 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     19B  PHE*     3.2    21.8    -      -       +      -
     22B  MET*     3.7    16.5    -      -       +      +
     23B  ALA*     4.0    22.7    -      -       +      +
     51B  THR      2.9    15.3    +      -       -      +
     52B  PHE*     3.2    13.9    -      -       +      +
     54B  ALA*     1.3    75.4    -      -       -      +
     56B  ILE*     1.3    55.6    +      -       -      +
     58B  TYR*     3.3     2.9    +      -       -      -
     59B  TYR*     2.9    25.1    +      -       -      +
    314B  LFA      4.9     9.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 56 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     49A  LEU*     4.2    13.5    -      -       +      -
     52A  PHE*     4.2    11.2    -      -       +      -
    304A  LFA      4.1    13.7    -      -       +      -
    305A  LFA      3.8    21.3    -      -       +      -
     52B  PHE*     3.1    45.1    +      -       +      +
     53B  VAL*     3.2     5.8    +      -       -      +
     55B  ALA*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
     57B  HIS*     1.3    63.4    +      -       -      +
     59B  TYR*     3.3     6.3    +      -       -      +
     60B  PHE*     3.1    55.0    +      -       +      -
    314B  LFA      4.1    25.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 57 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    304A  LFA      3.9    17.4    -      -       +      +
     15B  PHE*     5.3     0.6    -      -       -      -
     53B  VAL      3.1    12.5    +      -       -      +
     54B  ALA      3.2     8.6    +      -       -      +
     56B  ILE*     1.3    78.6    -      -       -      +
     58B  TYR*     1.3    79.3    +      +       -      +
     60B  PHE*     3.2     3.1    +      -       -      +
     61B  MET*     3.2    40.8    +      -       +      +
     81B  ILE*     3.6    15.9    -      -       +      +
     82B  ARG*     3.7    35.4    -      -       +      +
     85B  ASP*     2.7    31.5    +      -       +      +
     86B  TRP*     5.2     1.1    -      -       -      -
    214B  GLU*     5.3     5.3    +      -       -      -
    221B  ASP*     4.6    13.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 58 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     15B  PHE*     3.3    47.2    -      +       -      +
     18B  GLY*     4.0    12.8    -      -       -      -
     19B  PHE*     3.7    15.9    -      -       -      +
     22B  MET*     4.1    22.9    -      -       +      -
     54B  ALA*     2.9    34.3    +      -       +      +
     55B  ALA      3.9     0.7    -      -       -      +
     57B  HIS*     1.3    88.8    -      +       -      +
     59B  TYR*     1.3    66.7    +      -       -      +
     61B  MET*     3.0    13.4    +      -       -      +
     62B  LYS*     3.1    13.3    +      -       -      +
    214B  GLU*     5.8     1.3    -      -       -      -
    217B  TYR      4.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    218B  ASN*     3.1    38.1    +      -       -      -
    221B  ASP*     2.4    36.7    +      -       -      +
    222B  LEU*     6.1     0.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 59 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     16B  TRP*     5.7     0.4    -      +       -      -
     19B  PHE*     3.8    28.4    -      +       +      -
     55B  ALA      2.9    17.6    +      -       -      +
     56B  ILE      3.3     4.5    +      -       -      +
     58B  TYR*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
     60B  PHE*     1.3    86.8    +      +       -      +
     62B  LYS*     3.2    65.7    +      -       +      +
    304B  LFA      4.3    26.8    -      -       +      +
    314B  LFA      3.5    37.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 60 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     33A  ARG*     5.4     2.0    -      -       -      -
     45A  THR*     3.5    32.5    -      -       +      -
     49A  LEU*     4.6     7.4    -      -       +      -
    304A  LFA      3.5    54.3    -      -       +      +
     56B  ILE*     3.1    46.4    +      -       +      +
     57B  HIS      3.9     3.4    -      -       -      +
     58B  TYR      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
     59B  TYR*     1.3   101.1    -      +       -      +
     61B  MET*     1.3    65.2    +      -       -      +
     62B  LYS*     3.2     1.2    +      -       -      +
     63B  ASP*     3.9    15.4    -      -       -      +
     81B  ILE*     4.8     5.6    -      -       +      -
    314B  LFA      4.0    22.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 61 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     15B  PHE*     3.4    47.7    -      -       +      -
     57B  HIS*     3.2    39.5    +      -       +      +
     58B  TYR*     3.0     9.1    +      -       -      +
     60B  PHE*     1.3    77.7    -      -       -      +
     62B  LYS*     1.3    57.8    +      -       -      +
     63B  ASP*     2.9    20.2    +      -       +      +
     77B  PHE      4.9     0.2    -      -       -      -
     78B  PRO*     3.6    45.8    -      -       +      +
     81B  ILE*     4.4    11.7    -      -       +      -
     82B  ARG*     5.8     0.4    -      -       -      -
    214B  GLU*     5.4     4.5    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 62 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     12B  GLN*     5.2     8.1    -      -       -      +
     15B  PHE*     4.4    11.2    -      -       +      -
     16B  TRP*     3.4    51.6    +      -       +      +
     19B  PHE*     6.4     0.7    -      -       +      -
     58B  TYR      3.1    10.0    +      -       -      +
     59B  TYR*     3.2    59.3    +      -       +      +
     60B  PHE*     3.2     2.0    +      -       -      +
     61B  MET*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
     63B  ASP*     1.3    70.2    +      -       -      +
    304B  LFA      3.6    31.9    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il