Contacts of the helix formed by residues 160 - 182 (chain B) in PDB entry 4IA4


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASN 160 (chain B).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    155B  VAL*     4.6     1.1    -      -       -      -
    159B  TYR*     1.3    74.8    -      -       -      +
    161B  LYS*     1.3    56.2    +      -       -      +
    162B  GLY*     2.9     8.2    -      -       -      +
    163B  THR*     2.6    60.3    +      -       -      +
    164B  ALA*     3.2     8.0    +      -       -      +
    140D  PHE      4.9     1.0    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 161 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    155B  VAL*     4.2    10.5    -      -       +      +
    159B  TYR      3.9     1.6    +      -       -      -
    160B  ASN*     1.3    71.4    -      -       -      +
    162B  GLY*     1.3    62.1    +      -       -      +
    164B  ALA*     3.4    10.2    +      -       -      +
    165B  LEU*     3.2    22.3    +      -       -      +
    240B  ASP*     3.7    10.5    +      -       -      -
    241B  ASP*     2.6    48.5    +      -       -      +
    243B  TRP*     3.5    27.5    -      -       +      +
    244B  ILE*     3.9     9.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 162 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    160B  ASN*     2.8    13.6    +      -       -      +
    161B  LYS*     1.3    79.3    -      -       -      +
    163B  THR*     1.3    55.2    +      -       -      -
    165B  LEU*     3.5     9.8    +      -       -      +
    166B  GLY*     3.0    21.5    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 163 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    159B  TYR*     4.1    15.5    -      -       +      -
    160B  ASN*     2.6    41.0    +      -       -      +
    162B  GLY*     1.3    69.8    -      -       -      -
    164B  ALA*     1.3    65.4    +      -       -      +
    166B  GLY*     2.8    12.3    +      -       -      +
    167B  ALA*     2.8    13.0    +      -       -      +
    216B  ILE*     4.4     8.3    -      -       +      -
    139D  ALA      4.4     4.0    +      -       -      -
    140D  PHE*     3.6    57.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 164 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    155B  VAL*     3.8    32.5    -      -       +      +
    159B  TYR*     5.3     0.2    -      -       -      +
    160B  ASN      3.2     3.0    +      -       -      -
    161B  LYS      3.6     8.3    -      -       -      +
    163B  THR*     1.3    78.5    -      -       -      +
    165B  LEU*     1.3    58.9    +      -       -      +
    167B  ALA*     3.3     2.3    +      -       -      +
    168B  GLU*     2.8    32.7    +      -       -      +
    216B  ILE*     4.3     6.9    -      -       +      +
    217B  THR*     3.7    26.6    -      -       +      +
    244B  ILE*     3.9    10.5    -      -       +      -
    245B  PHE*     5.9     0.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 165 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    161B  LYS      3.2     8.0    +      -       -      +
    162B  GLY*     3.6    11.9    -      -       -      +
    163B  THR      3.1     0.4    -      -       -      -
    164B  ALA*     1.3    75.5    -      -       -      +
    166B  GLY*     1.3    65.7    -      -       -      +
    168B  GLU*     3.6     1.4    -      -       -      +
    169B  ILE*     2.9    42.4    +      -       +      +
    243B  TRP*     3.5    33.9    -      -       +      -
    244B  ILE*     3.2    43.8    -      -       +      +
    247B  VAL*     4.1     7.9    -      -       +      -
    248B  GLY*     3.9    13.0    -      -       -      +
    251B  ILE*     5.4     2.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 166 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    162B  GLY      3.0    11.4    +      -       -      -
    163B  THR      2.8     8.9    +      -       -      -
    165B  LEU*     1.3    78.0    -      -       -      +
    167B  ALA*     1.3    60.8    +      -       -      -
    169B  ILE*     3.7     6.5    -      -       -      +
    170B  ILE*     3.0    26.7    +      -       -      +
    140D  PHE*     3.5    20.0    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 167 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    163B  THR      2.8    16.8    +      -       -      +
    164B  ALA      3.8     4.5    -      -       -      +
    166B  GLY*     1.3    71.7    -      -       -      -
    168B  GLU*     1.3    54.5    +      -       -      +
    170B  ILE*     3.3     1.7    -      -       -      +
    171B  GLY*     2.7    34.1    +      -       -      -
    213B  THR*     4.4    17.7    +      -       +      +
    216B  ILE*     3.9    27.4    -      -       +      -
    217B  THR*     5.5     0.4    -      -       +      -
     53D  TYR*     3.5    23.9    +      -       -      +
    140D  PHE*     3.3     5.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 168 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    164B  ALA      2.8    26.2    +      -       -      +
    165B  LEU*     3.6     7.9    -      -       -      +
    166B  GLY      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    167B  ALA*     1.3    74.3    -      -       -      +
    169B  ILE*     1.3    61.9    +      -       -      +
    171B  GLY*     4.9     0.4    -      -       -      -
    172B  THR*     2.7    32.2    +      -       -      -
    213B  THR*     4.3     4.8    -      -       -      +
    217B  THR*     2.9    26.3    +      -       +      +
    220B  GLY*     3.3    13.2    +      -       -      -
    221B  ILE*     3.0    28.8    +      -       -      +
    244B  ILE*     4.2     8.5    -      -       +      +
    245B  PHE*     3.5    27.6    -      -       +      -
    248B  GLY*     4.2    14.6    -      -       -      -
    249B  PRO*     4.0     9.4    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 169 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    165B  LEU*     2.9    31.5    +      -       +      +
    166B  GLY*     3.7     5.8    -      -       -      +
    168B  GLU*     1.3    71.0    -      -       -      +
    170B  ILE*     1.3    72.6    +      -       +      +
    171B  GLY      2.9     2.6    +      -       -      -
    172B  THR*     2.9    14.7    +      -       -      -
    173B  PHE*     2.9    13.0    +      -       +      +
    248B  GLY*     3.4    28.0    -      -       -      +
    251B  ILE*     3.5    34.1    -      -       +      -
    252B  GLY*     3.9    15.8    -      -       -      +
    255B  VAL*     5.4     4.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 170 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    166B  GLY      3.0    13.6    +      -       -      +
    167B  ALA*     3.3     7.0    -      -       -      +
    169B  ILE*     1.3    83.7    -      -       +      +
    171B  GLY*     1.3    66.7    +      -       -      +
    173B  PHE*     3.4    16.5    +      -       +      +
    174B  VAL*     3.5     9.0    +      -       +      +
     49D  LEU*     5.3     3.4    -      -       +      -
     50D  LEU*     3.5    30.3    -      -       +      -
     53D  TYR*     3.2    50.0    -      -       +      +
    136D  LEU*     4.1    22.0    -      -       +      -
    140D  PHE*     4.5     2.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 171 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    167B  ALA      2.7    24.8    +      -       -      -
    168B  GLU      3.9     0.7    -      -       -      -
    169B  ILE      2.9     1.2    +      -       -      -
    170B  ILE*     1.3    75.4    -      -       -      +
    172B  THR*     1.3    55.1    +      -       -      -
    174B  VAL*     2.9    29.1    +      -       -      +
    175B  LEU*     3.4     3.8    +      -       -      +
    209B  VAL*     3.7    24.6    -      -       -      +
    213B  THR*     5.1     1.6    -      -       -      -
    221B  ILE*     4.0     9.0    -      -       -      -
     53D  TYR*     5.4     3.1    -      -       -      -
     54D  ILE*     5.5     1.8    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 172 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    103B  ALA*     4.1    10.5    -      -       +      -
    168B  GLU      2.7    18.3    +      -       -      -
    169B  ILE      2.9     3.9    +      -       -      -
    171B  GLY*     1.3    71.3    -      -       -      +
    173B  PHE*     1.3    65.0    +      -       -      +
    174B  VAL      3.0     0.2    -      -       -      -
    175B  LEU*     3.7    11.9    -      -       +      +
    176B  VAL*     3.1    39.7    +      -       +      +
    221B  ILE*     3.5    24.0    -      -       -      +
    249B  PRO*     3.4    39.9    -      -       +      +
    252B  GLY*     4.5     2.2    -      -       -      -
    253B  ALA      4.2     0.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 173 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    169B  ILE*     2.9    13.2    +      -       +      +
    170B  ILE*     3.5    16.8    -      -       +      +
    171B  GLY      3.1     0.4    -      -       -      -
    172B  THR*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
    174B  VAL*     1.3    59.4    +      -       -      +
    177B  TYR*     2.9    49.5    +      +       +      +
    252B  GLY*     3.9    12.5    -      -       -      +
    255B  VAL*     3.7    18.8    -      -       +      -
    256B  ALA*     3.3    42.0    -      -       +      -
    259B  TYR*     3.7    32.5    -      +       +      -
     46D  ILE*     4.1    11.4    -      -       +      -
     50D  LEU*     3.9    26.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 174 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    170B  ILE*     3.6    12.6    -      -       +      +
    171B  GLY      2.9    10.3    +      -       -      +
    173B  PHE*     1.3    79.7    -      -       -      +
    175B  LEU*     1.3    55.9    -      -       -      +
    177B  TYR*     4.2     3.4    -      -       -      +
    178B  THR*     2.6    34.5    +      -       -      +
    205B  ALA*     4.3    12.7    -      -       +      +
    209B  VAL*     3.6    21.3    -      -       +      -
     50D  LEU*     3.5    35.9    -      -       +      -
     54D  ILE*     4.5    13.7    -      -       +      -
     84D  MET*     4.8    18.4    -      -       +      -
     87D  VAL*     5.2     4.7    -      -       +      -
     88D  LEU*     6.2     1.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 175 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    101B  ASN*     3.6    27.4    -      -       -      +
    104B  VAL*     3.8    18.2    -      -       +      -
    171B  GLY      3.4     2.7    +      -       -      +
    172B  THR*     3.2    16.9    +      -       +      +
    174B  VAL*     1.3    80.0    -      -       -      +
    176B  VAL*     1.3    61.4    +      -       +      +
    178B  THR*     3.1     8.0    +      -       -      -
    179B  VAL*     3.0    24.2    +      -       +      +
    202B  ILE*     4.2    22.0    -      -       +      +
    205B  ALA*     4.3    10.3    -      -       +      -
    206B  VAL*     3.8    30.7    -      -       +      -
    209B  VAL*     4.7     3.5    -      -       +      +
    221B  ILE*     4.0    18.6    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 176 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    103B  ALA      4.1    11.7    -      -       -      +
    104B  VAL*     4.5    15.0    -      -       +      +
    107B  GLY*     4.5     5.2    -      -       -      -
    108B  LEU*     6.0     0.4    -      -       +      -
    172B  THR*     3.1    33.7    +      -       +      +
    175B  LEU*     1.3    74.6    -      -       +      +
    177B  TYR*     1.3    60.6    +      -       -      +
    178B  THR      3.0     2.0    -      -       -      -
    179B  VAL*     3.4    10.9    -      -       +      +
    180B  PHE*     2.9    51.1    +      -       +      -
    253B  ALA*     3.8    27.6    -      -       +      +
    256B  ALA*     4.0     8.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 177 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    173B  PHE*     2.9    42.9    +      +       +      +
    174B  VAL*     4.2     3.8    -      -       -      +
    176B  VAL*     1.3    76.0    -      -       -      +
    178B  THR*     1.3    56.8    +      -       -      +
    180B  PHE*     3.4     6.3    +      -       -      +
    181B  SER*     2.9    38.6    +      -       -      -
    256B  ALA*     3.9    13.7    -      -       +      +
    259B  TYR*     3.7    35.0    +      +       -      -
    260B  HIS*     4.9    13.5    -      +       +      -
    264B  LEU*     4.1    12.7    -      -       +      +
     43D  ALA*     5.1     0.9    -      -       -      +
     46D  ILE*     4.8     3.1    -      -       +      -
     47D  ALA*     6.1     1.6    -      -       -      -
     50D  LEU*     4.3    17.3    -      -       +      -
     88D  LEU*     5.9     2.7    -      -       +      -
     91D  CYS*     3.8    21.2    +      -       +      -
     92D  THR*     3.6    25.3    -      -       +      +
     95D  ILE*     5.5     0.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 178 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    174B  VAL*     2.6    20.2    +      -       -      +
    175B  LEU      3.1     8.9    +      -       -      -
    176B  VAL      3.0     0.4    -      -       -      -
    177B  TYR*     1.3    77.8    -      -       -      +
    179B  VAL*     1.3    55.2    +      -       -      +
    180B  PHE      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    181B  SER      3.0     1.2    +      -       -      -
    182B  ALA*     2.7    37.0    +      -       -      +
    201B  PRO*     3.4    43.1    -      -       +      +
    202B  ILE*     4.1     5.6    -      -       +      +
    205B  ALA*     3.9     5.6    -      -       -      +
     87D  VAL*     3.7    13.6    -      -       +      +
     90D  TYR*     4.6     2.2    -      -       +      -
     91D  CYS*     3.7    25.8    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 179 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    104B  VAL*     3.6    38.6    -      -       +      -
    108B  LEU*     4.1    18.8    -      -       +      -
    175B  LEU*     3.0    22.9    +      -       +      +
    176B  VAL*     3.1    12.8    +      -       +      +
    178B  THR*     1.3    74.9    -      -       -      +
    180B  PHE*     1.3    64.5    +      -       -      +
    182B  ALA*     3.0     9.2    +      -       -      -
    183B  THR*     3.1    14.0    +      -       -      +
    197B  LEU*     3.5    26.1    -      -       +      +
    202B  ILE*     3.9    26.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 180 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    107B  GLY      3.3    26.7    -      -       -      -
    108B  LEU*     3.2    28.0    -      -       +      -
    111B  ALA*     3.6    17.5    -      -       +      -
    113B  LYS*     5.1     3.8    -      -       +      -
    176B  VAL*     2.9    38.2    +      -       +      -
    177B  TYR*     3.6     7.6    -      -       -      +
    179B  VAL*     1.3    77.6    -      -       +      +
    181B  SER*     1.3    58.6    +      -       -      +
    182B  ALA      2.9     5.4    +      -       -      -
    183B  THR*     3.0    26.2    +      -       +      -
    256B  ALA      4.4     1.6    -      -       -      -
    257B  ALA*     3.2    38.8    -      -       +      -
    260B  HIS*     3.5    47.6    +      +       +      +
    261B  GLN*     4.5     3.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 181 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    177B  TYR*     2.9    41.0    +      -       -      -
    178B  THR      3.0     3.5    +      -       -      -
    180B  PHE*     1.3    74.4    -      -       -      +
    182B  ALA*     1.3    57.0    +      -       -      +
    183B  THR      4.9     1.7    -      -       -      +
    260B  HIS*     4.8     6.0    -      -       -      -
     90D  TYR*     3.3    19.2    +      -       -      +
     91D  CYS*     3.3    39.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 182 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    178B  THR*     2.7    15.7    +      -       +      +
    179B  VAL      3.6     5.4    -      -       -      +
    180B  PHE      2.9     0.6    -      -       -      -
    181B  SER*     1.3    79.1    -      -       -      +
    183B  THR*     1.3    66.1    +      -       -      +
    184B  ASP*     3.6     1.4    +      -       -      +
    196B  ILE      3.8     0.5    -      -       -      +
    197B  LEU*     3.7     3.3    -      -       +      -
    198B  ALA*     3.2    48.4    +      -       +      +
    201B  PRO*     5.2     0.4    -      -       +      -
    202B  ILE*     4.0    11.7    -      -       +      -
     90D  TYR*     3.7    12.7    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il