Contacts of the helix formed by residues 154 - 175 (chain D) in PDB entry 4J1R


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with PRO 154 (chain D).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    146D  TYR*     3.6    27.4    -      -       +      +
    152D  THR*     3.5     3.8    -      -       +      +
    153D  LEU*     1.4    91.0    -      -       +      +
    155D  VAL*     1.3    66.2    +      -       -      +
    156D  ILE*     3.0    18.4    -      -       +      -
    157D  TYR*     2.9    29.6    +      -       +      +
    158D  VAL*     3.3     7.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 155 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    152D  THR*     6.2     2.5    -      -       +      -
    153D  LEU      3.4     3.5    +      -       -      +
    154D  PRO*     1.3    71.4    -      -       +      +
    156D  ILE*     1.3    62.2    +      -       -      +
    158D  VAL*     3.2    10.4    +      -       +      +
    159D  LYS*     2.9    46.7    +      -       -      +
    251D  LEU*     5.7     6.5    -      -       +      -
    310D  PRO*     4.1    31.2    -      -       +      -
    339D  PHE*     4.1    16.4    -      -       +      -
    342D  GLU*     5.7     0.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 156 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    154D  PRO*     4.0    17.3    -      -       +      -
    155D  VAL*     1.3    80.2    -      -       -      +
    157D  TYR*     1.3    64.7    +      -       +      +
    159D  LYS*     3.4     5.9    +      -       +      +
    160D  LEU*     3.1    30.8    +      -       +      +
    342D  GLU*     3.6    32.9    +      -       +      +
    343D  LEU*     4.2    20.6    -      -       +      -
    348D  VAL*     4.6    10.5    -      -       +      -
    349D  LYS      5.0     5.8    -      -       -      +
    350D  LEU*     5.9     0.4    -      -       +      -
    351D  PRO*     4.1    31.2    -      -       +      -
    356D  THR*     6.4     0.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 157 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    146D  TYR*     4.6     7.6    -      -       -      -
    153D  LEU*     3.9    31.0    -      -       +      -
    154D  PRO*     2.9    29.1    +      -       +      +
    156D  ILE*     1.3    74.8    -      -       +      +
    158D  VAL*     1.3    66.2    +      -       -      +
    160D  LEU*     3.3    18.8    +      -       +      +
    161D  TYR*     3.0    54.4    +      +       +      -
    194D  ALA*     5.2     6.3    -      -       +      -
    350D  LEU*     5.6     0.2    -      -       +      -
    351D  PRO*     3.3    44.8    -      -       +      +
    352D  ASN*     4.9     6.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 158 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    153D  LEU*     3.7    29.8    -      -       +      +
    154D  PRO      3.7    11.9    -      -       -      +
    155D  VAL*     3.2    12.3    +      -       +      +
    157D  TYR*     1.3    78.1    -      -       -      +
    159D  LYS*     1.3    62.6    +      -       -      +
    161D  TYR*     4.0     0.6    -      -       -      -
    162D  MET*     3.0    28.3    +      -       +      +
    247D  LEU*     3.7    30.1    -      -       +      -
    250D  LEU*     4.1    28.3    -      -       +      +
    251D  LEU*     4.5    10.5    -      -       +      -
    339D  PHE*     4.0     9.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 159 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    155D  VAL*     2.9    40.0    +      -       -      +
    156D  ILE*     3.7     5.8    -      -       +      +
    158D  VAL*     1.3    74.5    -      -       -      +
    160D  LEU*     1.3    63.0    +      -       -      +
    163D  TYR*     3.1    23.0    +      -       -      +
    312D  GLU*     4.8     8.4    +      -       -      -
    338D  SER      5.7     0.4    +      -       -      -
    339D  PHE*     3.3    45.2    +      -       +      +
    340D  PHE*     3.1    21.0    -      -       +      -
    342D  GLU*     2.5    49.1    +      -       +      +
    343D  LEU*     3.5    17.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 160 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    156D  ILE*     3.1    26.0    +      -       +      +
    157D  TYR*     3.6    23.3    -      -       +      +
    159D  LYS*     1.3    78.9    -      -       -      +
    161D  TYR*     1.3    71.3    +      -       +      +
    163D  TYR*     3.8     1.6    -      -       -      +
    164D  GLN*     3.2    34.5    +      -       -      +
    194D  ALA*     4.0    14.6    -      -       +      -
    343D  LEU*     4.0    24.2    -      -       +      -
    350D  LEU*     3.7    27.4    -      -       +      -
    351D  PRO*     5.5     0.2    -      -       +      -
    356D  THR*     4.8     4.7    -      -       +      -
    357D  PRO*     4.6    16.8    -      -       +      -
    359D  LEU*     4.4    19.5    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 161 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    139D  VAL*     4.5    16.8    -      -       +      -
    142D  VAL*     4.9    10.4    -      -       +      +
    153D  LEU*     4.3    15.0    -      -       +      -
    157D  TYR*     3.0    47.6    +      +       +      +
    158D  VAL*     4.1     4.0    -      -       -      +
    160D  LEU*     1.3    82.9    -      -       +      +
    162D  MET*     1.3    65.6    +      -       +      +
    164D  GLN*     3.4     8.0    +      -       -      +
    165D  LEU*     3.0    22.5    +      -       -      +
    187D  LEU*     6.2     0.9    -      -       +      -
    189D  LEU*     3.7    43.7    -      -       +      +
    191D  PRO*     5.8     3.5    -      -       -      +
    194D  ALA*     4.2    25.3    -      -       +      +
    196D  LEU*     3.6    18.3    -      -       +      +
    250D  LEU*     5.1     8.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 162 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    158D  VAL*     3.0    21.7    +      -       +      +
    161D  TYR*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
    163D  TYR*     1.3    58.0    +      -       -      +
    165D  LEU*     3.1    19.5    +      -       +      +
    166D  PHE*     2.9    61.9    +      -       +      -
    187D  LEU*     6.0     0.7    -      -       -      -
    243D  ALA      3.3    23.1    -      -       -      +
    246D  VAL*     4.0    14.8    -      -       -      -
    247D  LEU*     3.8    43.7    -      -       +      -
    250D  LEU*     4.3     6.7    -      -       +      -
    339D  PHE*     4.9     0.4    -      -       +      -
    340D  PHE*     3.8    17.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 163 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    159D  LYS      3.1    20.0    +      -       -      +
    160D  LEU*     3.8     2.9    -      -       -      +
    162D  MET*     1.3    77.3    -      -       -      +
    164D  GLN*     1.3    58.8    +      -       -      +
    166D  PHE*     3.2     4.8    +      -       -      -
    167D  ARG*     3.0    42.4    +      -       -      +
    335D  CYS*     3.7    36.2    -      -       +      -
    340D  PHE*     3.6    30.2    -      +       +      -
    343D  LEU*     3.9    13.7    -      -       +      -
    344D  ARG*     4.2     9.1    +      -       -      -
    359D  LEU*     2.9    55.2    +      -       +      -
    360D  PHE*     4.3     9.2    -      +       -      -
    362D  PHE*     3.1    22.8    -      +       -      -
    377D  LEU*     4.4     4.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 164 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    108D  ASN*     3.0    38.9    +      -       -      +
    160D  LEU*     3.2    28.8    +      -       -      +
    161D  TYR*     3.8     5.1    -      -       -      +
    163D  TYR*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
    165D  LEU*     1.3    61.3    +      -       -      +
    167D  ARG*     3.3     5.5    +      -       -      +
    168D  SER*     3.1    18.4    +      -       -      -
    194D  ALA      2.9    24.2    +      -       -      -
    195D  VAL*     3.4     9.4    -      -       -      +
    196D  LEU*     2.9    39.3    +      -       +      +
    357D  PRO*     4.4     8.1    -      -       -      +
    359D  LEU*     4.2    23.4    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 165 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    161D  TYR      3.0    14.0    +      -       -      +
    162D  MET*     3.1    34.3    +      -       +      +
    164D  GLN*     1.3    73.8    -      -       -      +
    166D  PHE*     1.3    66.5    +      -       -      +
    168D  SER*     2.9    26.0    +      -       -      +
    169D  LEU*     3.0    29.7    +      -       +      +
    182D  ILE*     4.5    14.6    -      -       +      -
    187D  LEU*     3.9    39.3    -      -       +      -
    196D  LEU*     3.8     9.1    -      -       +      +
    198D  LEU*     4.6     2.5    -      -       +      -
    243D  ALA*     4.0    20.0    -      -       +      -
    246D  VAL*     4.8     2.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 166 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    162D  MET*     2.9    56.6    +      -       +      +
    163D  TYR*     4.4     0.7    -      -       -      -
    165D  LEU*     1.3    75.5    -      -       +      +
    167D  ARG*     1.3    57.7    +      -       -      +
    169D  LEU*     4.1     7.9    -      -       +      -
    170D  ALA*     2.8    27.2    +      -       -      +
    240D  VAL*     5.2     5.8    -      -       +      -
    243D  ALA*     3.8    22.2    -      -       +      -
    316D  LEU*     4.7     4.9    -      -       +      -
    320D  LEU*     3.7    29.6    -      -       +      -
    331D  PRO*     3.3    24.0    -      -       +      +
    334D  ALA*     3.6    27.8    -      -       +      -
    335D  CYS*     3.4    21.1    -      -       -      -
    340D  PHE*     3.9    24.0    -      +       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 167 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    106D  HIS*     3.8     8.3    +      -       +      -
    107D  CYS*     4.1     6.8    -      -       -      -
    108D  ASN*     3.7    19.2    +      -       -      +
    163D  TYR*     3.0    39.6    +      -       +      +
    164D  GLN*     3.4    10.1    -      -       -      +
    165D  LEU      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    166D  PHE*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
    168D  SER*     1.3    63.0    +      -       -      +
    170D  ALA*     3.1     8.0    +      -       -      +
    171D  TYR*     3.0    22.9    +      -       -      +
    335D  CYS*     4.0     9.2    -      -       -      -
    358D  ALA      3.4     7.5    +      -       -      -
    359D  LEU*     3.0    25.4    +      -       -      +
    360D  PHE      3.7     0.2    -      -       -      +
    361D  ASN*     2.9    49.6    +      -       -      +
    362D  PHE*     3.9    17.6    -      -       +      -
    366D  GLU*     3.1    30.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 168 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    106D  HIS*     4.0     9.8    -      -       -      -
    108D  ASN*     3.3    26.9    +      -       -      -
    109D  ILE*     3.6    13.9    -      -       -      -
    164D  GLN      3.1     8.8    +      -       -      -
    165D  LEU*     2.9    18.5    +      -       -      +
    167D  ARG*     1.3    79.8    -      -       -      +
    169D  LEU*     1.3    56.9    +      -       -      +
    171D  TYR*     3.3     4.3    -      -       -      +
    172D  ILE*     2.9    34.3    +      -       -      +
    196D  LEU*     5.1     0.5    -      -       -      +
    198D  LEU*     3.7    21.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 169 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    165D  LEU*     3.0    26.7    +      -       +      +
    166D  PHE*     3.5    13.5    -      -       +      +
    168D  SER*     1.3    75.6    +      -       -      +
    170D  ALA*     1.3    58.3    +      -       -      +
    171D  TYR      3.1     1.3    -      -       -      -
    172D  ILE*     3.8    21.3    -      -       +      -
    173D  HIS*     2.9    52.9    +      -       +      +
    182D  ILE*     3.8    16.2    -      -       +      -
    198D  LEU*     3.8    16.8    -      -       +      -
    239D  ASP*     4.2    25.6    -      -       +      +
    240D  VAL*     4.7     2.0    -      -       +      +
    243D  ALA*     4.3    15.0    -      -       +      -
    331D  PRO*     4.0    12.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 170 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    166D  PHE      2.8    19.9    +      -       -      +
    167D  ARG*     3.1     8.5    +      -       -      +
    169D  LEU*     1.3    73.5    -      -       -      +
    171D  TYR*     1.3    61.5    +      -       -      +
    173D  HIS*     4.1     2.4    -      -       -      +
    174D  SER*     3.3    21.8    +      -       -      -
    331D  PRO*     3.4    18.4    -      -       +      +
    332D  LEU*     4.0    30.5    -      -       +      +
    335D  CYS*     5.9     0.2    -      -       -      -
    366D  GLU*     4.6    13.9    -      -       +      +
    369D  SER*     5.7     4.9    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 171 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    103D  LYS      3.9     2.9    +      -       -      -
    104D  LEU*     3.5    26.3    -      -       +      -
    105D  ASP*     2.9    39.7    +      -       -      +
    106D  HIS*     3.6    30.7    -      +       +      +
    109D  ILE*     3.5    19.5    -      -       +      -
    167D  ARG      3.0    12.0    +      -       -      +
    168D  SER*     3.3    10.1    -      -       -      +
    170D  ALA*     1.3    77.7    -      -       -      +
    172D  ILE*     1.3    60.7    +      -       -      +
    174D  SER*     2.4    26.5    +      -       -      -
    175D  PHE*     3.2    33.7    -      +       -      -
    363D  THR*     5.1     3.8    -      -       +      -
    365D  GLN*     4.2    14.4    -      -       +      -
    366D  GLU*     3.9    18.1    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 172 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    104D  LEU*     3.9    23.1    -      -       +      -
    109D  ILE*     3.7    22.7    -      -       +      -
    168D  SER      2.9    21.1    +      -       -      +
    169D  LEU*     3.5    30.3    -      -       +      +
    171D  TYR*     1.3    76.5    -      -       -      +
    173D  HIS*     1.3    70.1    +      -       +      +
    175D  PHE*     3.3    13.5    +      -       -      +
    177D  ILE*     3.0    44.9    +      -       +      +
    179D  HIS*     4.0    24.2    -      -       +      +
    198D  LEU*     4.1     8.1    -      -       +      -
    201D  PHE*     4.1    10.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 173 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    169D  LEU*     2.9    33.7    +      -       +      +
    170D  ALA*     4.1     4.5    -      -       -      +
    172D  ILE*     1.3    80.9    -      -       +      +
    174D  SER*     1.3    63.4    +      -       -      +
    176D  GLY*     3.1    14.2    +      -       -      +
    177D  ILE      3.1    18.3    +      -       -      +
    236D  SER*     3.2    45.3    +      -       -      +
    239D  ASP*     3.1    34.9    -      -       +      +
    240D  VAL*     4.8     3.0    -      -       +      +
    331D  PRO*     3.5    26.9    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 174 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    170D  ALA      3.3    11.7    +      -       -      -
    171D  TYR*     2.4    23.5    +      -       -      -
    173D  HIS*     1.3    80.0    -      -       -      +
    175D  PHE*     1.3    58.6    +      -       -      +
    176D  GLY      3.2     0.9    +      -       -      -
    365D  GLN*     3.0    47.6    +      -       -      +
    366D  GLU      5.5     0.7    -      -       -      -
    368D  SER*     4.4    12.6    +      -       -      -
    369D  SER*     5.7     4.0    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 175 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    103D  LYS*     4.6    29.6    -      -       +      +
    104D  LEU*     4.1    13.9    -      -       +      -
    171D  TYR*     3.2    66.6    -      +       -      -
    172D  ILE      3.3     2.4    +      -       -      +
    173D  HIS      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
    174D  SER*     1.3    79.2    +      -       -      +
    176D  GLY*     1.3    59.1    +      -       -      +
    177D  ILE*     3.7    22.7    -      -       +      -
    206D  GLN*     3.0    28.0    +      -       -      +
    365D  GLN*     3.8    23.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il