Contacts of the helix formed by residues 1525 - 1548 (chain B) in PDB entry 4J5L


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASP1525 (chain B).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1520B  ALA      3.0    10.8    +      -       -      +
   1523B  LEU*     4.3    16.4    -      -       +      +
   1524B  ASN*     1.3    74.1    -      -       -      +
   1526B  ASP*     1.3    63.1    +      -       -      +
   1527B  GLN*     3.3    14.4    +      -       -      +
   1528B  LYS*     3.1    39.9    +      -       +      +
   1529B  VAL*     3.1    25.3    +      -       -      +
   1593B  PHE*     4.0     2.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP1526 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1777A  ALA*     3.6    16.6    -      -       +      +
   1815A  PRO*     4.1    11.8    -      -       +      +
   1524B  ASN*     3.5     7.5    +      -       -      +
   1525B  ASP*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
   1527B  GLN*     1.3    59.1    +      -       -      +
   1529B  VAL*     3.3     2.4    +      -       -      +
   1530B  ARG*     2.5    69.7    +      -       -      +
   1593B  PHE*     3.6    26.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN1527 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1481B  LYS*     2.6    36.6    +      -       +      +
   1525B  ASP*     3.3     9.5    +      -       -      +
   1526B  ASP*     1.3    85.4    -      -       -      +
   1528B  LYS*     1.3    60.6    +      -       -      +
   1530B  ARG*     3.3    18.7    +      -       -      +
   1531B  SER*     3.0    25.3    +      -       -      -
   1901B  SO4      3.7    30.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS1528 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1478B  GLU*     4.9     1.8    -      -       -      +
   1479B  TYR*     2.6    68.3    +      -       +      +
   1481B  LYS*     4.6    23.8    -      -       +      +
   1484B  GLU*     5.1     0.4    -      -       -      +
   1519B  HIS*     4.6    15.8    -      -       -      -
   1520B  ALA*     4.2    19.5    -      -       +      +
   1523B  LEU*     4.7     9.8    -      -       +      +
   1525B  ASP*     3.1    32.6    +      -       +      +
   1527B  GLN*     1.3    78.5    -      -       -      +
   1529B  VAL*     1.3    63.5    +      -       -      +
   1531B  SER*     3.3     6.4    +      -       -      +
   1532B  LEU*     3.1    27.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL1529 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1815A  PRO*     4.0    20.2    -      -       +      -
   1517B  VAL*     4.8     9.9    -      -       +      +
   1520B  ALA*     3.6    22.4    -      -       +      -
   1521B  ASP*     4.2     1.8    -      -       +      +
   1525B  ASP      3.1    15.9    +      -       -      +
   1526B  ASP*     3.6     8.7    -      -       -      +
   1527B  GLN      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
   1528B  LYS*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
   1530B  ARG*     1.3    63.8    +      -       -      +
   1532B  LEU*     4.0     3.0    -      -       -      +
   1533B  LEU*     3.2    45.5    +      -       +      +
   1593B  PHE*     3.6    25.1    -      -       +      -
   1595B  LEU*     4.2    10.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG1530 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1777A  ALA*     3.8     6.9    -      -       -      +
   1815A  PRO*     2.6    43.7    +      -       +      +
   1816A  GLN*     4.2     1.1    -      -       -      +
   1817A  LEU*     3.6    35.9    -      -       -      +
   1818A  LEU      5.3     0.7    -      -       -      +
   1526B  ASP*     2.5    50.6    +      -       -      +
   1527B  GLN*     3.5    19.8    -      -       -      +
   1529B  VAL*     1.3    75.1    -      -       -      +
   1531B  SER*     1.3    58.2    +      -       -      +
   1533B  LEU*     3.9     3.3    -      -       -      +
   1534B  THR*     2.9    35.8    +      -       -      +
   1598B  TYR*     4.0    20.0    -      -       -      +
   1901B  SO4      2.4    35.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER1531 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1481B  LYS*     4.5    12.6    -      -       -      -
   1484B  GLU*     2.6    31.7    +      -       -      -
   1527B  GLN*     3.0    15.0    +      -       -      -
   1528B  LYS*     3.3    10.4    +      -       -      -
   1530B  ARG*     1.3    77.3    -      -       -      +
   1532B  LEU*     1.3    54.1    +      -       -      +
   1534B  THR*     3.7     5.1    -      -       -      -
   1535B  SER*     2.7    40.3    +      -       -      -
   1901B  SO4      5.6     5.6    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU1532 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1479B  TYR*     3.4    23.6    -      -       +      +
   1484B  GLU*     3.9    12.1    -      -       +      +
   1487B  LEU*     4.2    18.4    -      -       +      -
   1488B  VAL*     5.6     4.3    -      -       +      -
   1513B  LEU*     4.3    11.2    -      -       +      +
   1516B  CYS*     3.7    28.9    -      -       +      +
   1517B  VAL*     3.8    26.7    -      -       +      +
   1520B  ALA*     5.6     2.7    -      -       +      -
   1528B  LYS      3.1    16.4    +      -       -      +
   1529B  VAL*     4.0     4.0    -      -       -      +
   1531B  SER*     1.3    81.9    +      -       -      +
   1533B  LEU*     1.3    59.5    +      -       +      +
   1535B  SER*     3.8     3.2    -      -       -      -
   1536B  THR*     2.8    43.7    +      -       -      +
   1564B  PHE*     6.4     0.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU1533 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1517B  VAL*     3.8    28.7    -      -       +      -
   1529B  VAL*     3.2    37.7    +      -       +      +
   1530B  ARG      3.9     2.5    -      -       -      +
   1532B  LEU*     1.3    77.5    -      -       +      +
   1534B  THR*     1.3    60.5    +      -       -      +
   1536B  THR*     3.5     5.2    +      -       -      +
   1537B  ILE*     3.4    29.8    +      -       +      +
   1564B  PHE*     3.9    22.7    -      -       +      -
   1568B  LEU*     5.1     4.7    -      -       +      -
   1595B  LEU*     4.0    20.9    -      -       +      -
   1598B  TYR*     3.9    39.9    -      -       +      -
   1602B  LEU*     6.3     0.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR1534 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1530B  ARG*     2.9    22.6    +      -       -      +
   1531B  SER*     3.7     6.7    -      -       -      -
   1533B  LEU*     1.3    75.5    -      -       -      +
   1535B  SER*     1.3    66.6    +      -       -      +
   1536B  THR      3.3     0.3    +      -       -      -
   1537B  ILE*     3.4     4.4    +      -       -      +
   1538B  ASN*     3.2    41.6    +      -       -      +
   1598B  TYR*     5.2     6.4    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER1535 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1484B  GLU*     2.7    28.2    +      -       -      -
   1485B  GLN*     3.4    18.3    +      -       -      -
   1488B  VAL*     3.6    13.0    -      -       -      +
   1531B  SER*     2.7    20.0    +      -       -      -
   1532B  LEU*     3.9     4.7    -      -       -      -
   1534B  THR*     1.3    75.2    -      -       -      +
   1536B  THR*     1.3    59.2    +      -       -      +
   1538B  ASN*     4.5     5.1    -      -       -      +
   1539B  SER*     2.6    33.8    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR1536 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1488B  VAL*     4.2     1.8    -      -       -      +
   1492B  ILE*     3.9     8.6    -      -       +      +
   1513B  LEU*     3.8    41.7    -      -       +      +
   1532B  LEU*     2.8    27.5    +      -       -      +
   1533B  LEU*     3.6     8.8    -      -       -      +
   1534B  THR      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
   1535B  SER*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
   1537B  ILE*     1.3    64.2    +      -       +      +
   1539B  SER*     3.3     2.1    +      -       -      -
   1540B  ILE*     3.0    49.9    +      -       +      +
   1564B  PHE*     4.5    20.1    -      -       +      -
   1602B  LEU*     5.7     0.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE1537 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1533B  LEU      3.4    17.8    +      -       -      +
   1534B  THR*     3.4     4.9    +      -       -      +
   1536B  THR*     1.3    78.6    -      -       +      +
   1538B  ASN*     1.3    62.7    +      -       -      +
   1540B  ILE*     3.4     7.4    +      -       +      +
   1541B  LYS*     3.0    52.1    +      -       +      +
   1564B  PHE*     6.5     0.2    -      -       +      -
   1598B  TYR*     5.3     6.1    -      -       +      +
   1601B  VAL*     3.5    34.5    -      -       +      -
   1602B  LEU*     3.9    31.0    -      -       +      +
   1605B  LEU*     4.2    11.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN1538 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1534B  THR*     3.2    35.3    +      -       -      +
   1535B  SER*     4.5     4.2    -      -       -      +
   1537B  ILE*     1.3    83.7    -      -       -      +
   1539B  SER*     1.3    58.1    +      -       -      +
   1541B  LYS*     3.6    13.1    +      -       -      +
   1542B  LYS*     2.9    28.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER1539 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1485B  GLN*     5.6     0.3    +      -       -      -
   1488B  VAL*     3.3    25.9    -      -       -      +
   1492B  ILE*     3.6    19.3    -      -       -      -
   1493B  LEU*     3.3    22.7    -      -       -      +
   1535B  SER      2.6    24.5    +      -       -      -
   1536B  THR      3.7     2.7    -      -       -      -
   1537B  ILE      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
   1538B  ASN*     1.3    75.4    -      -       -      +
   1540B  ILE*     1.3    64.5    +      -       -      +
   1542B  LYS*     3.3     2.5    +      -       -      -
   1543B  VAL*     3.0    27.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE1540 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1492B  ILE*     4.1    19.1    -      -       +      -
   1513B  LEU*     5.7     1.6    -      -       +      -
   1536B  THR*     3.0    38.2    +      -       +      +
   1537B  ILE*     3.8     5.2    -      -       -      +
   1539B  SER*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
   1541B  LYS*     1.3    61.9    +      -       -      +
   1543B  VAL*     3.2     5.4    +      -       -      +
   1544B  LEU*     3.0    39.2    +      -       +      +
   1557B  TRP*     4.3    26.9    -      -       +      -
   1560B  ASN      6.0     0.4    -      -       -      -
   1561B  THR*     3.8    29.6    -      -       +      +
   1564B  PHE*     6.3     1.1    -      -       +      -
   1602B  LEU*     5.7     2.9    -      -       +      -
   1605B  LEU*     4.4    14.6    -      -       +      -
   1609B  ILE*     4.4     6.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS1541 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1537B  ILE*     3.0    33.6    +      -       +      +
   1538B  ASN*     3.8    13.1    +      -       -      +
   1540B  ILE*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
   1542B  LYS*     1.3    57.2    +      -       -      +
   1544B  LEU*     3.3     8.2    +      -       -      +
   1545B  LYS*     2.9    29.2    +      -       -      +
   1605B  LEU*     3.8    31.2    -      -       +      -
   1608B  GLN*     4.4    10.9    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS1542 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1493B  LEU*     4.0    24.5    -      -       +      +
   1538B  ASN      2.9    19.2    +      -       -      +
   1539B  SER*     3.5     6.3    -      -       -      +
   1540B  ILE      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
   1541B  LYS*     1.3    74.9    -      -       -      +
   1543B  VAL*     1.3    64.2    +      -       -      +
   1545B  LYS*     3.3    19.2    +      -       +      +
   1546B  LYS*     3.4    14.4    +      -       -      +
   1902B  SO4      4.1    24.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL1543 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1492B  ILE*     3.4    30.5    -      -       +      +
   1493B  LEU*     3.7    19.1    -      -       +      +
   1539B  SER      3.0    18.8    +      -       -      +
   1540B  ILE*     3.2     7.6    +      -       -      +
   1542B  LYS*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
   1544B  LEU*     1.3    59.6    +      -       +      +
   1546B  LYS*     3.4     4.1    +      -       -      +
   1547B  ARG*     2.9    44.6    +      -       -      +
   1553B  THR*     3.8    19.5    -      -       +      -
   1557B  TRP*     3.8    24.9    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU1544 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1540B  ILE*     3.0    24.6    +      -       +      +
   1541B  LYS*     3.9     6.5    -      -       -      +
   1543B  VAL*     1.3    75.8    -      -       +      +
   1545B  LYS*     1.3    60.6    +      -       -      +
   1548B  GLY*     3.0    27.6    +      -       -      +
   1553B  THR*     4.2    19.3    -      -       +      +
   1554B  VAL*     4.2    32.3    -      -       +      -
   1557B  TRP*     4.4     7.0    -      -       +      -
   1605B  LEU*     5.7     2.2    -      -       +      -
   1609B  ILE*     3.6    44.0    -      -       +      -
   1612B  GLN*     5.5     5.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS1545 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1541B  LYS      2.9    16.9    +      -       -      +
   1542B  LYS*     3.5    13.7    -      -       +      +
   1543B  VAL      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
   1544B  LEU*     1.3    80.3    -      -       -      +
   1546B  LYS*     1.3    62.5    +      -       +      +
   1548B  GLY      4.5     1.4    +      -       -      -
   1902B  SO4      2.9    36.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS1546 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1542B  LYS      3.4    11.4    +      -       -      +
   1543B  VAL*     4.1     3.1    -      -       -      +
   1545B  LYS*     1.3    83.9    -      -       +      +
   1547B  ARG*     1.3    82.8    +      -       +      +
   1548B  GLY      3.6     1.2    +      -       -      -
   1549B  ASP*     4.1     8.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG1547 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1492B  ILE      5.0     0.8    +      -       -      -
   1493B  LEU      3.0    26.7    +      -       -      -
   1494B  GLU*     5.1     0.8    -      -       -      +
   1495B  LEU      5.5     3.8    +      -       -      -
   1496B  LYS*     3.6    27.4    -      -       -      +
   1497B  PRO*     5.9     4.0    -      -       -      +
   1498B  ARG*     3.4    27.9    -      -       -      +
   1543B  VAL*     2.9    37.3    +      -       -      +
   1544B  LEU*     4.4     1.6    -      -       -      -
   1546B  LYS*     1.3   104.6    -      -       +      +
   1548B  GLY*     1.3    55.3    +      -       -      +
   1549B  ASP*     3.1    17.2    +      -       -      +
   1550B  ASP*     3.3    13.1    +      -       +      +
   1553B  THR*     3.8    28.9    +      -       +      +
   1554B  VAL*     4.2     0.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY1548 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1544B  LEU*     3.0    26.0    +      -       -      -
   1545B  LYS      4.5     1.4    +      -       -      -
   1546B  LYS      3.6     1.8    -      -       -      -
   1547B  ARG*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
   1549B  ASP*     1.3    57.8    +      -       -      +
   1550B  ASP      3.5     0.2    -      -       -      -
   1554B  VAL*     3.6    16.0    -      -       -      +
   1612B  GLN*     2.8    32.4    +      -       -      -
   1616B  VAL*     3.4    11.1    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il