Contacts of the helix formed by residues 444 - 468 (chain A) in PDB entry 4N78


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with THR 444 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    443A  TYR*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
    445A  SER*     1.3    65.0    +      -       -      +
    446A  GLU*     3.7     6.9    +      -       -      +
    447A  GLU*     2.8    42.3    +      -       -      +
    448A  LYS*     3.0    22.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 445 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    444A  THR*     1.3    74.2    -      -       -      +
    446A  GLU*     1.3    66.7    +      -       -      +
    448A  LYS*     3.3     3.2    +      -       -      +
    449A  PHE*     3.0    34.9    +      -       -      -
    651A  HIS*     2.9    41.8    +      -       -      -
    655A  THR*     4.9     2.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 446 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    345A  ILE*     4.8    10.4    -      -       +      +
    444A  THR*     3.2     6.7    +      -       -      +
    445A  SER*     1.3    78.5    +      -       -      +
    447A  GLU*     1.3    61.3    +      -       +      +
    449A  PHE*     3.3    24.9    +      -       -      +
    450A  ALA*     2.9    29.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 447 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    341A  PRO*     5.4     7.1    -      -       -      +
    345A  ILE*     4.3    26.9    -      -       +      +
    411A  VAL*     5.7     1.1    -      -       -      +
    415A  LYS*     2.8    32.0    +      -       -      -
    442A  ASN      3.9     0.3    -      -       -      +
    443A  TYR*     3.4    16.7    -      -       +      -
    444A  THR*     2.8    49.4    +      -       -      +
    446A  GLU*     1.3    77.0    -      -       +      +
    448A  LYS*     1.3    58.6    +      -       -      +
    450A  ALA*     3.3     6.1    +      -       -      +
    451A  LEU*     3.0    36.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 448 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    440A  ARG      5.2     5.3    +      -       -      +
    443A  TYR*     3.6    28.4    +      -       +      -
    444A  THR      3.0    19.2    +      -       -      +
    445A  SER*     3.3     6.3    +      -       -      +
    447A  GLU*     1.3    74.2    -      -       -      +
    449A  PHE*     1.3    66.6    +      -       -      +
    451A  LEU*     3.7     1.1    +      -       -      -
    452A  VAL*     3.3    28.4    +      -       -      +
    647A  ILE*     3.8    31.5    +      -       +      +
    648A  LEU*     3.8    20.9    -      -       +      +
    651A  HIS*     3.2    48.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 449 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    445A  SER*     3.0    27.4    +      -       -      -
    446A  GLU*     3.7    28.0    -      -       -      +
    448A  LYS*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
    450A  ALA*     1.3    63.7    +      -       -      +
    452A  VAL*     3.5     3.0    +      -       -      +
    453A  GLU*     3.1    28.1    +      -       -      +
    651A  HIS*     3.2    27.1    -      +       -      -
    652A  ILE*     4.3    13.9    -      -       +      -
    655A  THR*     3.3    27.4    -      -       +      -
    657A  GLU*     3.5    32.8    -      -       +      -
    659A  SER*     5.9     0.2    -      -       -      -
    660A  MET*     3.4    29.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 450 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    345A  ILE*     4.6    15.5    -      -       +      -
    349A  MET*     3.8    28.0    -      -       +      +
    407A  HIS*     6.1     0.7    -      -       -      +
    446A  GLU      2.9    17.5    +      -       -      +
    447A  GLU*     3.3     7.4    +      -       -      +
    449A  PHE*     1.3    74.9    -      -       -      +
    451A  LEU*     1.3    66.2    +      -       +      +
    453A  GLU*     3.1    17.2    +      -       -      +
    454A  VAL*     3.0    26.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 451 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    345A  ILE*     6.2     2.0    -      -       +      -
    407A  HIS*     4.8    11.2    -      -       +      +
    408A  VAL*     4.4    33.7    -      -       +      +
    411A  VAL*     4.5    17.3    -      -       +      -
    412A  TYR*     6.2     2.0    -      -       +      +
    443A  TYR*     3.5    38.8    -      -       +      +
    447A  GLU*     3.0    19.2    +      -       +      +
    448A  LYS      4.0     4.3    -      -       -      +
    450A  ALA*     1.3    78.0    -      -       +      +
    452A  VAL*     1.3    57.4    +      -       -      +
    454A  VAL*     3.3     5.4    +      -       -      +
    455A  ILE*     2.9    37.9    +      -       +      +
    644A  MET*     4.7     5.6    -      -       +      -
    648A  LEU*     4.3    22.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 452 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    448A  LYS      3.3    17.5    +      -       -      +
    449A  PHE*     3.8     4.7    -      -       -      +
    450A  ALA      3.3     0.4    -      -       -      -
    451A  LEU*     1.3    73.0    -      -       -      +
    453A  GLU*     1.3    60.8    +      -       -      +
    455A  ILE*     3.7     6.9    -      -       +      +
    456A  ALA*     2.8    29.2    +      -       +      +
    648A  LEU*     3.7    38.8    -      -       +      +
    652A  ILE*     3.9    17.7    -      -       +      -
    660A  MET*     4.8     1.8    -      -       -      -
    663A  TYR*     3.8    35.7    -      -       +      +
    666A  TYR*     5.3     0.2    -      -       +      -
    667A  SER*     4.1    15.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 453 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    349A  MET*     3.6    12.7    -      -       +      +
    353A  ARG*     3.0    44.0    +      -       -      +
    449A  PHE*     3.1    19.6    +      -       -      +
    450A  ALA*     3.1    18.4    +      -       -      +
    452A  VAL*     1.3    75.8    -      -       -      +
    454A  VAL*     1.3    57.8    +      -       -      +
    456A  ALA*     3.1     3.6    +      -       -      +
    457A  MET*     2.8    38.4    +      -       +      +
    660A  MET*     3.6    24.1    -      -       +      +
    663A  TYR*     4.0    18.0    +      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 454 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    349A  MET*     3.6    24.2    -      -       +      -
    352A  ILE*     4.1     9.6    -      -       +      -
    404A  TRP*     3.6    32.3    -      -       +      +
    407A  HIS*     3.9    18.8    -      -       +      +
    408A  VAL*     3.5    23.8    -      -       +      -
    450A  ALA      3.0    14.8    +      -       -      +
    451A  LEU*     3.7     5.8    -      -       -      +
    453A  GLU*     1.3    74.5    -      -       -      +
    455A  ILE*     1.3    53.0    +      -       -      +
    457A  MET*     3.1     9.5    +      -       +      +
    458A  ILE*     2.8    39.6    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 455 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    408A  VAL*     4.3    15.5    -      -       +      -
    451A  LEU*     2.9    23.0    +      -       +      +
    452A  VAL*     3.7     8.5    -      -       +      +
    454A  VAL*     1.3    75.3    -      -       -      +
    456A  ALA*     1.3    58.2    +      -       -      +
    458A  ILE*     3.5     8.8    +      -       -      +
    459A  LYS*     3.0    42.7    +      -       +      +
    618A  LEU*     4.0    14.4    -      -       +      -
    621A  LEU*     4.3     9.0    -      -       +      -
    648A  LEU*     4.0    19.3    -      -       +      -
    666A  TYR      3.9    25.4    -      -       -      +
    667A  SER*     4.7     2.0    -      -       -      -
    670A  LEU*     3.8    28.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 456 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    452A  VAL      2.8    20.8    +      -       -      +
    453A  GLU      3.5     1.1    -      -       -      +
    455A  ILE*     1.3    71.2    -      -       -      +
    457A  MET*     1.3    61.6    +      -       -      +
    460A  GLY*     2.8    27.5    +      -       -      -
    663A  TYR*     3.4    29.2    -      -       +      -
    666A  TYR*     3.5    40.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 457 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    349A  MET*     3.9    15.7    -      -       +      -
    352A  ILE*     3.6    26.2    -      -       +      -
    353A  ARG*     4.2    16.4    -      -       +      -
    356A  HIS*     3.4    49.4    +      -       +      +
    404A  TRP*     3.4    20.6    -      -       +      -
    453A  GLU*     2.8    35.8    +      -       +      +
    454A  VAL*     3.7     7.9    -      -       -      +
    456A  ALA*     1.3    73.6    -      -       -      +
    458A  ILE*     1.3    66.6    +      -       -      +
    460A  GLY*     4.0     0.6    -      -       -      -
    461A  LEU*     3.1    18.5    +      -       -      +
    663A  TYR*     5.4     7.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 458 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    401A  LEU*     3.5     8.7    -      -       +      +
    404A  TRP*     3.5    30.5    -      -       +      +
    405A  SER*     3.3    45.3    -      -       -      +
    408A  VAL*     4.4     3.6    -      -       +      -
    454A  VAL*     2.8    27.7    +      -       +      +
    455A  ILE*     3.6     4.3    -      -       -      +
    457A  MET*     1.3    77.8    -      -       -      +
    459A  LYS*     1.3    62.3    +      -       +      +
    460A  GLY      3.2     0.3    +      -       -      -
    461A  LEU      3.2     0.2    +      -       -      -
    462A  GLN*     2.9    27.4    +      -       -      +
    616A  CYS*     3.9    26.9    -      -       +      +
    618A  LEU*     4.2    21.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 459 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    455A  ILE*     3.0    27.2    +      -       +      +
    458A  ILE*     1.3    83.2    -      -       +      +
    460A  GLY*     1.3    62.0    +      -       -      +
    462A  GLN*     3.5    20.9    +      -       -      +
    463A  VAL*     3.2    28.3    +      -       +      +
    616A  CYS      5.5     3.1    +      -       -      +
    618A  LEU*     4.5     5.7    -      -       +      +
    666A  TYR*     3.6    44.6    -      -       +      +
    669A  ASP*     2.8    34.3    +      -       +      +
    670A  LEU*     4.1     8.1    -      -       -      -
    673A  ASP*     2.6    36.5    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 460 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    356A  HIS*     6.0     1.3    -      -       -      -
    360A  ILE*     5.7     0.9    -      -       -      -
    456A  ALA      2.8    19.0    +      -       -      -
    457A  MET*     4.0     1.3    -      -       -      -
    459A  LYS*     1.3    77.5    -      -       -      +
    461A  LEU*     1.3    61.5    +      -       -      +
    463A  VAL*     3.2    16.4    +      -       -      +
    464A  LEU*     3.4    17.0    +      -       -      +
    666A  TYR*     4.1    15.9    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 461 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    356A  HIS*     5.5     0.6    +      -       -      -
    359A  PHE*     3.9    29.2    -      -       +      -
    360A  ILE*     4.2    21.3    -      -       +      +
    363A  LEU*     4.0    13.2    -      -       +      -
    397A  GLY      4.2     3.4    -      -       -      +
    400A  LEU*     4.1    12.8    -      -       +      -
    401A  LEU*     3.6    28.7    -      -       +      -
    404A  TRP*     4.0    16.2    -      -       +      -
    457A  MET      3.1    18.3    +      -       -      +
    460A  GLY*     1.3    71.9    -      -       -      +
    462A  GLN*     1.3    60.5    +      -       -      +
    464A  LEU*     3.0     9.8    +      -       +      +
    465A  MET*     2.8    49.2    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 462 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    401A  LEU*     4.1     5.6    -      -       -      +
    458A  ILE      2.9    15.9    +      -       -      +
    459A  LYS*     3.5    24.8    +      -       -      +
    461A  LEU*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
    463A  VAL*     1.3    57.6    +      -       +      +
    465A  MET*     3.8     6.2    -      -       -      +
    466A  GLY*     3.0    25.3    +      -       -      -
    612A  LEU*     3.9    14.8    -      -       +      +
    613A  GLN*     4.4    21.2    -      -       -      +
    616A  CYS*     3.6    39.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 463 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    459A  LYS      3.2    15.7    +      -       -      +
    460A  GLY*     3.2    10.9    +      -       -      +
    461A  LEU      3.1     0.4    -      -       -      -
    462A  GLN*     1.3    76.5    -      -       +      +
    464A  LEU*     1.3    64.7    +      -       +      +
    466A  GLY*     3.4     1.8    +      -       -      -
    467A  ARG*     3.0    57.6    +      -       +      +
    666A  TYR*     5.9     2.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 464 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    360A  ILE*     3.6    40.2    -      -       +      -
    363A  LEU*     4.2    16.2    -      -       +      -
    364A  ALA*     6.1     3.4    -      -       +      +
    460A  GLY      3.7    12.3    -      -       -      +
    461A  LEU*     3.0    10.8    +      -       +      +
    463A  VAL*     1.3    75.4    -      -       +      +
    465A  MET*     1.3    65.6    +      -       -      +
    467A  ARG*     3.2    33.0    +      -       -      +
    468A  MET*     3.2    26.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 465 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    359A  PHE*     4.2     3.8    -      -       -      -
    363A  LEU*     4.0    13.2    -      -       -      -
    394A  ALA*     3.6    26.2    -      -       -      +
    397A  GLY*     3.7    21.1    -      -       -      -
    398A  LEU*     3.9     8.5    -      -       +      +
    401A  LEU*     4.1     8.1    -      -       +      -
    461A  LEU*     2.8    48.4    +      -       +      +
    462A  GLN      3.8     3.8    -      -       -      +
    464A  LEU*     1.3    72.8    -      -       -      +
    466A  GLY*     1.3    58.2    +      -       -      +
    468A  MET*     2.9    19.6    +      -       -      +
    469A  GLU      3.2     8.3    +      -       -      -
    472A  PHE*     3.9    16.9    -      -       +      -
    608A  PHE*     3.8    26.7    -      -       +      -
    612A  LEU*     3.9    15.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 466 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    462A  GLN      3.0    18.4    +      -       -      -
    463A  VAL*     3.7     2.0    -      -       -      -
    465A  MET*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
    467A  ARG*     1.3    61.7    +      -       -      +
    469A  GLU*     3.1    27.4    +      -       -      +
    608A  PHE*     5.0     0.2    -      -       -      -
    612A  LEU*     3.8    13.4    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 467 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    463A  VAL*     3.0    40.7    +      -       +      +
    464A  LEU*     3.2    33.9    +      -       -      +
    466A  GLY*     1.3    74.6    -      -       -      +
    468A  MET*     1.3    67.0    +      -       +      +
    469A  GLU      3.3     0.6    +      -       -      -
    470A  SER*     4.9     3.3    +      -       -      -
    471A  VAL*     6.0     0.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 468 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    363A  LEU*     4.5    17.5    -      -       +      -
    366A  TYR*     3.2    29.2    -      -       -      +
    367A  SER*     3.5    20.2    -      -       -      +
    390A  LEU*     5.6     1.1    -      -       -      -
    464A  LEU      3.2    13.7    +      -       -      +
    465A  MET      2.9    10.8    +      -       -      +
    467A  ARG*     1.3    86.4    -      -       +      +
    469A  GLU*     1.3    56.9    +      -       -      +
    470A  SER      3.4     2.2    -      -       -      -
    471A  VAL*     3.2    36.6    +      -       +      +
    472A  PHE*     2.8    52.4    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il