Contacts of the helix formed by residues 21 - 47 (chain C) in PDB entry 4PHZ


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with LEU 21 (chain C).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     25B  THR*     4.9    19.5    -      -       +      +
     29B  MET*     4.3    19.3    -      -       +      -
     19C  VAL*     4.9     6.5    -      -       +      -
     20C  ASP*     1.3    82.8    -      -       -      +
     22C  ARG*     1.3    67.2    +      -       -      +
     23C  GLY      3.1     3.1    -      -       -      -
     24C  MET*     3.1    14.8    +      -       +      +
     25C  TRP*     3.0    56.0    +      -       +      +
    105C  VAL*     4.7     6.1    -      -       +      -
    109C  GLN*     3.3    40.8    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 22 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     20C  ASP*     3.0    42.2    +      -       -      +
     21C  LEU*     1.3    79.6    -      -       -      +
     23C  GLY*     1.3    52.2    +      -       -      +
     25C  TRP*     3.3    37.2    +      -       -      +
     26C  ILE*     2.8    48.2    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 23 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     20C  ASP*     5.7     1.0    -      -       -      +
     21C  LEU*     3.1     1.0    -      -       -      +
     22C  ARG*     1.3    75.5    -      -       -      +
     24C  MET*     1.3    64.4    +      -       -      +
     26C  ILE*     3.3    14.6    +      -       -      +
     27C  GLY*     3.0    18.4    +      -       -      -
    109C  GLN*     4.3     0.2    +      -       -      -
    302C  PGT      2.6    39.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 24 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     29B  MET*     3.8    24.0    -      -       +      -
     21C  LEU*     3.1    18.7    +      -       +      +
     23C  GLY*     1.3    72.9    -      -       -      +
     25C  TRP*     1.3   101.0    +      -       +      +
     27C  GLY*     2.9     5.0    +      -       -      -
     28C  LEU*     2.8    39.1    +      -       +      +
    109C  GLN*     3.4    35.1    +      -       +      +
    112C  VAL*     4.0    22.9    -      -       +      -
    113C  VAL*     4.2     4.0    -      -       +      +
    302C  PGT      3.5    13.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 25 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     21C  LEU*     3.0    40.8    +      -       +      +
     22C  ARG*     3.3    38.3    -      -       -      +
     24C  MET*     1.3   100.1    -      -       +      +
     26C  ILE*     1.3    66.2    +      -       +      +
     28C  LEU*     4.2    18.6    -      -       +      -
     29C  VAL*     2.8    38.4    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 26 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     22C  ARG*     2.8    35.6    +      -       +      +
     23C  GLY*     3.4    11.9    -      -       -      +
     24C  MET      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
     25C  TRP*     1.3    72.7    -      -       +      +
     27C  GLY*     1.3    53.4    +      -       -      +
     29C  VAL*     3.5     3.4    +      -       -      +
     30C  LEU*     2.8    59.9    +      -       +      +
    302C  PGT      6.1     1.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 27 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     23C  GLY      3.0     8.9    +      -       -      -
     24C  MET      2.9    11.4    +      -       -      -
     26C  ILE*     1.3    70.8    -      -       -      +
     28C  LEU*     1.3    62.5    +      -       -      -
     30C  LEU*     3.3     5.5    +      -       -      +
     31C  LEU*     3.0    28.6    +      -       -      +
    113C  VAL*     4.3     5.8    -      -       -      -
    302C  PGT      3.8    33.4    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 28 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     24C  MET*     2.8    34.0    +      -       +      +
     25C  TRP*     3.8    29.6    -      -       +      +
     27C  GLY*     1.3    67.2    -      -       -      -
     29C  VAL*     1.3    66.2    +      -       +      +
     31C  LEU*     3.3     2.0    +      -       +      -
     32C  ASN*     2.7    40.9    +      -       -      +
    112C  VAL*     4.4    11.2    -      -       +      -
    113C  VAL*     3.8    20.8    -      -       +      +
    116C  ILE*     4.1    37.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 29 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     25C  TRP*     2.8    32.2    +      -       +      +
     26C  ILE*     3.8     3.8    -      -       -      +
     28C  LEU*     1.3    71.8    -      -       +      +
     30C  LEU*     1.3    56.4    +      -       +      +
     31C  LEU      2.7    12.5    +      -       -      -
     32C  ASN*     4.7     2.5    -      -       -      +
     33C  VAL*     3.0    42.8    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 30 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     26C  ILE*     2.8    44.6    +      -       +      +
     27C  GLY*     3.6     8.1    -      -       -      +
     29C  VAL*     1.3    71.5    -      -       +      +
     31C  LEU*     1.3    56.4    +      -       -      +
     33C  VAL*     4.9     3.4    -      -       -      -
     34C  PHE*     3.6    10.8    -      -       -      +
    302C  PGT      3.4    44.7    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 31 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     27C  GLY      3.0    15.2    +      -       -      +
     28C  LEU*     3.7     4.3    -      -       +      +
     29C  VAL      2.7     6.9    +      -       -      -
     30C  LEU*     1.3    74.6    -      -       -      +
     32C  ASN*     1.3    59.0    -      -       -      +
     33C  VAL      3.1     0.9    -      -       -      -
     34C  PHE*     2.8    23.9    +      -       +      +
     35C  TYR*     2.9    33.0    +      -       +      +
    113C  VAL*     4.4    13.5    -      -       +      +
    116C  ILE*     3.5    28.9    -      -       +      -
    117C  ALA*     4.0    23.6    -      -       +      +
    156C  ILE*     4.3    17.7    -      -       +      -
    160C  ILE*     4.6     2.2    -      -       +      -
    302C  PGT      3.9    35.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 32 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     28C  LEU*     2.7    36.9    +      -       -      +
     29C  VAL*     4.3     2.8    -      -       -      +
     31C  LEU*     1.3    75.6    -      -       -      +
     33C  VAL*     1.3    58.5    +      -       +      +
     35C  TYR*     4.2     0.9    -      -       -      +
     36C  LEU*     3.0    39.3    +      -       +      +
    116C  ILE*     3.8    13.7    -      -       -      +
    120C  TRP*     3.3    34.0    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 33 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     29C  VAL*     3.0    36.1    +      -       +      +
     30C  LEU*     4.9     3.1    -      -       -      -
     32C  ASN*     1.3    76.3    -      -       +      +
     34C  PHE*     1.3    67.1    +      -       -      +
     36C  LEU*     3.2     7.7    +      -       -      +
     37C  ILE*     3.0    38.6    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 34 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     30C  LEU      3.6    16.4    +      -       -      +
     31C  LEU*     2.8    15.8    +      -       +      +
     33C  VAL*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
     35C  TYR*     1.3    89.6    +      +       -      +
     37C  ILE*     3.3    20.1    -      -       +      +
     38C  VAL*     3.0    38.0    +      -       +      +
    152C  MET*     3.9    20.9    -      -       +      -
    156C  ILE*     4.0    11.7    -      -       +      -
    302C  PGT      3.9    29.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 35 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     31C  LEU*     2.9    33.2    +      -       +      +
     34C  PHE*     1.3    93.9    -      +       -      +
     36C  LEU*     1.3    52.2    +      -       -      +
     38C  VAL*     3.0     3.9    +      -       +      +
     39C  ARG*     2.6    37.6    +      -       -      +
    117C  ALA*     5.0     3.4    +      -       -      -
    120C  TRP*     3.1    69.2    -      +       +      +
    125C  PHE*     3.7    15.9    -      +       +      -
    152C  MET*     3.3    29.6    -      -       +      -
    153C  SER*     3.4    16.8    +      -       -      -
    156C  ILE*     3.3    33.0    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 36 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     32C  ASN*     3.0    28.5    +      -       +      +
     33C  VAL*     3.3     8.1    -      -       -      +
     35C  TYR*     1.3    72.1    -      -       -      +
     37C  ILE*     1.3    65.4    +      -       -      +
     39C  ARG*     3.9     5.4    -      -       +      +
     40C  ILE*     3.0    54.1    +      -       +      +
    120C  TRP*     4.6    14.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 37 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     33C  VAL*     3.0    36.9    +      -       +      +
     34C  PHE*     3.3    18.6    -      -       +      +
     36C  LEU*     1.3    77.4    -      -       -      +
     38C  VAL*     1.3    59.3    +      -       +      +
     40C  ILE*     3.5     8.7    -      -       -      +
     41C  TYR*     2.6    44.2    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 38 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     34C  PHE*     3.0    43.9    +      -       +      +
     35C  TYR*     3.0    11.1    +      -       -      +
     37C  ILE*     1.3    80.0    -      -       +      +
     39C  ARG*     1.3    64.2    +      -       -      +
     41C  TYR*     3.3     9.5    +      -       +      +
     42C  GLU*     2.9    23.2    +      -       +      +
    125C  PHE*     4.4     6.3    -      -       +      -
    148C  ILE*     3.8    42.8    -      -       +      -
    152C  MET*     4.0     9.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 39 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    111B  VAL*     2.8    34.0    +      -       +      +
    112B  ASN*     2.9    16.1    +      -       -      -
    115B  GLY*     3.7     1.0    -      -       -      -
    116B  TRP*     3.2    31.0    -      -       -      +
     35C  TYR      2.6    19.1    +      -       -      +
     36C  LEU*     3.9     6.5    -      -       +      +
     38C  VAL*     1.3    73.3    -      -       -      +
     40C  ILE*     1.3    61.9    +      -       +      +
     42C  GLU*     3.1    24.7    -      -       -      +
     43C  GLN*     3.0    51.6    +      -       -      +
    120C  TRP*     5.4     1.8    -      -       +      -
    124C  PHE*     3.9    22.9    -      -       +      -
    125C  PHE*     4.7     1.1    -      -       +      -
    128C  GLN*     3.5     5.4    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 40 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     36C  LEU*     3.0    45.5    +      -       +      +
     37C  ILE*     3.5     6.3    -      -       -      +
     39C  ARG*     1.3    75.9    -      -       +      +
     41C  TYR*     1.3    67.3    +      -       +      +
     43C  GLN*     3.1    11.3    +      -       +      +
     44C  VAL*     3.1    27.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 41 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     37C  ILE*     2.6    27.0    +      -       +      +
     38C  VAL*     3.6    11.4    -      -       +      +
     40C  ILE*     1.3    74.7    -      -       +      +
     42C  GLU*     1.3    54.0    +      -       -      +
     44C  VAL*     3.2     5.8    +      -       -      +
     45C  PHE*     2.8    64.9    +      +       +      -
     61C  TYR*     2.6    41.7    +      +       -      +
     62C  TRP*     3.9    17.9    -      +       -      -
     64C  SER*     5.1     0.9    +      -       -      -
     65C  ILE*     3.8    25.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 42 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    116B  TRP*     2.9    30.4    +      -       +      -
     38C  VAL      2.9    16.4    +      -       -      +
     39C  ARG*     3.1    28.9    -      -       -      +
     40C  ILE      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
     41C  TYR*     1.3    73.2    -      -       -      +
     43C  GLN*     1.3    59.7    +      -       -      +
     44C  VAL      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
     46C  GLY*     2.8    24.5    +      -       -      -
     62C  TRP*     3.4    28.0    -      -       +      -
    125C  PHE*     3.5     9.8    -      -       -      -
    128C  GLN*     2.3    43.7    +      -       -      +
    144C  PRO      5.3     0.3    -      -       -      -
    145C  SER*     5.1     2.4    -      -       -      -
    148C  ILE*     3.6    23.1    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 43 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    115B  GLY      3.3    18.9    +      -       -      +
    116B  TRP*     3.6    19.7    +      -       -      +
    118B  TYR*     3.6    17.4    +      -       -      -
     39C  ARG*     3.0    40.2    +      -       -      +
     40C  ILE*     3.2    14.8    -      -       +      +
     42C  GLU*     1.3    78.9    -      -       -      +
     44C  VAL*     1.3    67.9    +      -       +      +
     46C  GLY      4.0     1.6    +      -       -      -
     47C  TRP*     4.1    18.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 44 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     40C  ILE*     3.1    18.4    +      -       +      +
     41C  TYR*     3.6     9.2    -      -       -      +
     42C  GLU      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
     43C  GLN*     1.3    86.3    -      -       +      +
     45C  PHE*     1.3    87.0    +      -       +      +
     46C  GLY      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     47C  TRP*     3.1    20.8    -      -       -      +
     48C  ARG      4.3     1.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 45 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     41C  TYR*     2.8    57.1    +      +       +      +
     44C  VAL*     1.3    93.7    -      -       +      +
     46C  GLY*     1.3    59.1    +      -       -      +
     48C  ARG      4.3     2.0    -      -       -      -
     49C  ALA*     3.2    25.7    -      -       +      +
     61C  TYR*     3.3    51.6    -      +       +      -
     62C  TRP*     2.5    37.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 46 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    116B  TRP*     4.3     5.6    -      -       -      -
     42C  GLU      2.8    23.9    +      -       -      -
     44C  VAL      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     45C  PHE*     1.3    77.5    -      -       -      +
     47C  TRP*     1.3    57.8    +      -       -      +
     48C  ARG      3.4     0.7    +      -       -      -
     50C  GLY*     3.1    32.2    +      -       -      -
     51C  LEU*     4.0     1.2    -      -       -      +
     62C  TRP*     4.0     8.1    -      -       -      -
    132C  TRP*     3.7    20.9    -      -       -      -
    144C  PRO*     5.1     0.9    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 47 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     90A  PRO*     4.1    14.3    +      -       +      +
    128A  ARG*     3.5    39.2    -      -       -      +
    132A  TRP*     3.8    19.7    -      +       +      -
    116B  TRP*     2.2    70.0    -      +       -      -
    117B  THR*     3.1    29.4    -      -       +      -
    118B  TYR*     4.7     0.7    -      +       -      -
     43C  GLN*     4.1    18.3    +      -       -      +
     44C  VAL      3.1    15.1    +      -       -      +
     46C  GLY*     1.3    69.3    -      -       -      +
     48C  ARG*     1.3    80.5    +      -       +      +
     51C  LEU*     4.3    13.2    -      -       +      -
    132C  TRP*     4.5     3.8    -      +       -      -
    135C  THR*     4.2    16.4    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il