Contacts of the helix formed by residues 21 - 47 (chain G) in PDB entry 4PHZ


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with LEU 21 (chain G).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     25F  THR*     4.7    17.3    -      -       +      +
     29F  MET*     4.1    20.4    -      -       +      -
     19G  VAL*     4.9     9.0    -      -       +      -
     20G  ASP*     1.3    83.3    -      -       -      +
     22G  ARG*     1.3    66.1    +      -       -      +
     23G  GLY      3.2     3.1    -      -       -      -
     24G  MET*     3.1    20.6    +      -       +      +
     25G  TRP*     3.1    46.5    +      -       +      +
    105G  VAL*     4.8     4.9    -      -       +      -
    109G  GLN*     3.2    39.8    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 22 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     20G  ASP*     3.0    40.7    +      -       -      +
     21G  LEU*     1.3    79.5    -      -       -      +
     23G  GLY*     1.3    57.5    +      -       -      +
     25G  TRP*     3.4    35.8    -      -       -      +
     26G  ILE*     2.9    44.0    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 23 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     20G  ASP*     5.6     1.6    -      -       -      +
     21G  LEU      3.2     1.4    -      -       -      +
     22G  ARG*     1.3    79.3    -      -       -      +
     24G  MET*     1.3    61.0    +      -       -      +
     26G  ILE*     3.5    12.6    -      -       -      +
     27G  GLY*     3.1    17.0    +      -       -      -
    109G  GLN*     4.3     1.6    +      -       -      -
    302G  PGT      3.6    40.8    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 24 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     29F  MET*     3.9    34.5    -      -       +      -
     21G  LEU*     3.1    19.6    +      -       +      +
     23G  GLY*     1.3    73.4    -      -       -      +
     25G  TRP*     1.3    95.6    +      -       +      +
     27G  GLY*     3.0     2.9    +      -       -      -
     28G  LEU*     2.7    48.5    +      -       +      +
    109G  GLN*     3.6    25.8    +      -       +      +
    112G  VAL*     3.7    26.7    -      -       +      -
    113G  VAL*     4.2     2.3    -      -       +      +
    302G  PGT      4.2     9.4    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 25 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     21G  LEU*     3.1    33.0    +      -       +      +
     22G  ARG*     3.4    38.3    -      -       -      +
     24G  MET*     1.3   103.1    -      -       +      +
     26G  ILE*     1.3    66.1    +      -       +      +
     28G  LEU*     4.1    20.0    -      -       +      -
     29G  VAL*     2.8    35.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 26 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     22G  ARG*     2.9    36.3    +      -       +      +
     23G  GLY*     3.5     9.9    -      -       -      +
     25G  TRP*     1.3    74.5    -      -       +      +
     27G  GLY*     1.3    53.4    +      -       -      +
     29G  VAL*     3.7     4.5    -      -       -      +
     30G  LEU*     2.8    61.9    +      -       +      +
    302G  PGT      6.3     1.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 27 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     23G  GLY      3.1     8.1    +      -       -      -
     24G  MET      3.0     6.0    +      -       -      -
     26G  ILE*     1.3    78.9    -      -       -      +
     28G  LEU*     1.3    63.2    +      -       -      +
     30G  LEU*     3.2     4.7    +      -       -      +
     31G  LEU*     3.0    27.1    +      -       -      +
    113G  VAL*     4.3     6.7    -      -       -      -
    302G  PGT      3.9    32.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 28 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     24G  MET*     2.7    33.2    +      -       +      +
     25G  TRP*     3.7    28.9    -      -       +      +
     27G  GLY*     1.3    70.3    -      -       -      +
     29G  VAL*     1.3    64.3    +      -       +      +
     31G  LEU*     3.9     2.5    -      -       +      +
     32G  ASN*     2.9    40.2    +      -       -      +
    112G  VAL*     4.4    10.3    -      -       +      -
    113G  VAL*     3.9    19.3    -      -       +      +
    116G  ILE*     4.1    40.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 29 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     25G  TRP*     2.8    29.4    +      -       +      +
     26G  ILE*     3.7     4.5    -      -       -      +
     28G  LEU*     1.3    73.6    -      -       +      +
     30G  LEU*     1.3    61.0    +      -       +      +
     31G  LEU      2.9     6.8    +      -       -      -
     32G  ASN*     4.9     2.2    -      -       -      +
     33G  VAL*     3.0    41.6    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 30 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     26G  ILE*     2.8    46.6    +      -       +      +
     27G  GLY*     3.2     7.6    +      -       -      +
     29G  VAL*     1.3    75.5    -      -       +      +
     31G  LEU*     1.3    56.6    +      -       -      +
     33G  VAL*     4.9     2.9    -      -       -      +
     34G  PHE*     3.4    11.4    +      -       -      +
    302G  PGT      3.3    49.5    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 31 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     27G  GLY      3.0    14.5    +      -       -      +
     28G  LEU*     3.9     3.8    -      -       +      +
     30G  LEU*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
     32G  ASN*     1.3    67.9    +      -       -      +
     33G  VAL      3.2     1.3    -      -       -      -
     34G  PHE*     2.9     7.0    +      -       +      +
     35G  TYR*     2.8    45.4    +      -       +      +
    113G  VAL*     4.6    13.9    -      -       +      +
    116G  ILE*     3.5    28.0    -      -       +      -
    117G  ALA*     3.9    24.0    -      -       +      +
    156G  ILE*     4.2    17.5    -      -       +      -
    160G  ILE*     4.8     0.4    -      -       +      -
    302G  PGT      3.8    34.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 32 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     28G  LEU*     2.9    36.2    +      -       -      +
     29G  VAL*     4.3     2.2    -      -       -      +
     31G  LEU*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
     33G  VAL*     1.3    58.7    +      -       +      +
     35G  TYR*     3.4     1.7    +      -       -      +
     36G  LEU*     2.9    41.2    +      -       +      +
    116G  ILE*     4.0    12.7    -      -       -      +
    120G  TRP*     3.3    34.0    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 33 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     29G  VAL*     3.0    32.4    +      -       +      +
     30G  LEU*     4.8     2.7    -      -       -      +
     32G  ASN*     1.3    76.6    -      -       +      +
     34G  PHE*     1.3    67.6    +      -       -      +
     36G  LEU*     3.0     8.6    +      -       -      +
     37G  ILE*     2.9    39.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 34 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     30G  LEU      3.4    20.3    +      -       -      +
     31G  LEU*     2.9    10.1    +      -       +      +
     33G  VAL*     1.3    77.7    -      -       -      +
     35G  TYR*     1.3    73.7    +      +       -      +
     37G  ILE*     3.3    18.7    +      -       +      +
     38G  VAL*     3.0    52.3    +      -       +      +
    152G  MET*     3.8    27.4    -      -       +      -
    156G  ILE*     4.1    13.0    -      -       +      -
    302G  PGT      3.8    28.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 35 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     31G  LEU*     2.8    38.4    +      -       +      +
     32G  ASN      3.9     0.7    -      -       -      +
     34G  PHE*     1.3    84.6    -      +       -      +
     36G  LEU*     1.3    57.8    +      -       -      +
     38G  VAL*     3.2     3.5    +      -       +      +
     39G  ARG*     2.7    36.4    +      -       -      +
    117G  ALA*     5.1     4.0    +      -       -      -
    120G  TRP*     3.2    63.6    -      +       +      +
    125G  PHE*     3.5    17.0    -      +       +      -
    152G  MET*     3.1    31.0    -      -       +      -
    153G  SER*     3.2    29.3    +      -       -      -
    156G  ILE*     3.5    22.7    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 36 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     32G  ASN*     2.9    27.0    +      -       +      +
     33G  VAL*     3.3     7.9    -      -       -      +
     35G  TYR*     1.3    73.6    -      -       -      +
     37G  ILE*     1.3    67.2    +      -       +      +
     39G  ARG*     3.2     6.4    +      -       +      +
     40G  ILE*     2.8    53.1    +      -       +      +
    120G  TRP*     4.6    15.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 37 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     33G  VAL*     2.9    38.2    +      -       +      +
     34G  PHE*     3.3    18.2    -      -       +      +
     36G  LEU*     1.3    76.0    -      -       +      +
     38G  VAL*     1.3    56.9    +      -       +      +
     40G  ILE*     3.3     9.4    +      -       +      +
     41G  TYR*     2.7    44.7    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 38 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     34G  PHE*     3.0    51.2    +      -       +      +
     35G  TYR*     3.2     9.2    +      -       -      +
     37G  ILE*     1.3    78.9    -      -       +      +
     39G  ARG*     1.3    57.6    +      -       -      +
     41G  TYR*     3.3    10.7    +      -       +      +
     42G  GLU*     2.9    28.2    +      -       -      +
     62G  TRP*     6.2     0.2    -      -       +      -
    125G  PHE*     4.2     6.5    -      -       +      -
    148G  ILE*     3.9    43.3    -      -       +      -
    152G  MET*     4.0     9.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 39 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    111F  VAL*     3.0    34.9    +      -       +      +
    112F  ASN*     3.0    15.1    +      -       -      -
    115F  GLY      3.9     0.8    -      -       -      -
    116F  TRP*     3.4    24.7    -      -       -      +
     35G  TYR      2.7    20.0    +      -       -      +
     36G  LEU*     3.7     6.3    -      -       +      +
     38G  VAL*     1.3    69.8    -      -       -      +
     40G  ILE*     1.3    67.1    +      -       +      +
     42G  GLU*     3.1    24.7    -      -       -      +
     43G  GLN*     2.8    49.6    +      -       -      +
    120G  TRP*     5.2     2.2    -      -       +      -
    124G  PHE*     3.8    21.8    -      -       +      -
    125G  PHE*     4.7     1.1    -      -       +      -
    128G  GLN*     3.7     7.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 40 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     36G  LEU*     2.8    47.6    +      -       +      +
     37G  ILE*     3.6     7.2    -      -       -      +
     39G  ARG*     1.3    73.7    -      -       +      +
     41G  TYR*     1.3    65.9    +      -       -      +
     43G  GLN*     3.1    23.3    +      -       +      +
     44G  VAL*     3.2    15.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 41 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     37G  ILE*     2.7    29.2    +      -       +      +
     38G  VAL*     3.5     9.4    -      -       +      +
     40G  ILE*     1.3    76.0    -      -       +      +
     42G  GLU*     1.3    59.1    +      -       -      +
     44G  VAL*     3.1     8.1    +      -       -      +
     45G  PHE*     2.9    55.0    +      +       +      -
     61G  TYR*     2.7    41.5    +      +       -      +
     62G  TRP*     3.8    29.4    -      +       -      -
     64G  SER*     5.1     1.2    +      -       -      -
     65G  ILE*     3.8    17.4    -      -       +      +
    148G  ILE*     6.3     0.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 42 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    116F  TRP*     2.9    28.8    +      -       +      -
     38G  VAL      2.9    16.4    +      -       -      +
     39G  ARG*     3.1    34.3    -      -       -      +
     41G  TYR*     1.3    73.5    -      -       -      +
     43G  GLN*     1.3    60.4    +      -       -      +
     46G  GLY*     2.9    22.7    +      -       -      -
     62G  TRP*     3.4    26.5    -      -       +      -
    125G  PHE*     3.3    13.1    -      -       -      -
    128G  GLN*     2.8    40.3    +      -       -      +
    144G  PRO      4.8     2.3    -      -       -      +
    145G  SER*     5.2     0.3    -      -       -      -
    148G  ILE*     3.6    22.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 43 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    115F  GLY      3.3    20.2    +      -       -      +
    116F  TRP*     3.6    20.1    +      -       -      +
    118F  TYR*     3.5    17.4    +      -       -      -
     39G  ARG*     2.8    44.4    +      -       -      +
     40G  ILE*     3.2    14.6    -      -       +      +
     42G  GLU*     1.3    80.0    -      -       -      +
     44G  VAL*     1.3    66.6    +      -       +      +
     46G  GLY      3.9     1.9    +      -       -      -
     47G  TRP*     4.0    20.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 44 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     40G  ILE*     3.2    14.5    +      -       +      +
     41G  TYR*     3.1     9.9    +      -       -      +
     43G  GLN*     1.3    84.5    -      -       +      +
     45G  PHE*     1.3    90.1    +      -       +      +
     46G  GLY      3.3     0.4    -      -       -      -
     47G  TRP      3.1    19.6    -      -       -      +
     48G  ARG      4.3     0.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 45 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     41G  TYR*     2.9    51.6    +      +       +      +
     44G  VAL*     1.3    94.7    -      -       +      +
     46G  GLY*     1.3    61.8    +      -       -      +
     47G  TRP      4.3     0.4    -      -       -      -
     48G  ARG      4.2     2.5    -      -       -      -
     49G  ALA*     2.9    26.2    -      -       +      +
     50G  GLY      3.3     1.0    +      -       -      -
     61G  TYR*     3.4    49.6    -      +       +      -
     62G  TRP*     2.8    35.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 46 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    116F  TRP*     4.4     4.9    -      -       -      -
     42G  GLU      2.9    23.1    +      -       -      -
     45G  PHE*     1.3    77.1    -      -       -      +
     47G  TRP*     1.3    59.8    +      -       -      +
     48G  ARG      3.5     0.9    +      -       -      -
     50G  GLY*     3.2    27.3    +      -       -      -
     51G  LEU*     3.9     1.7    -      -       -      +
     62G  TRP*     4.1     9.0    -      -       -      -
    132G  TRP*     3.6    25.4    -      -       -      -
    144G  PRO*     5.1     0.9    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 47 (chain G). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     90E  PRO*     3.8    19.2    +      -       +      +
    128E  ARG*     3.5    33.9    -      -       -      +
    132E  TRP*     3.6    26.7    -      +       +      -
    116F  TRP*     2.3    71.3    -      +       -      -
    117F  THR*     3.2    28.7    -      -       +      -
    118F  TYR*     4.8     0.2    -      +       -      -
     43G  GLN*     4.0    17.1    +      -       -      +
     44G  VAL      3.1    14.3    -      -       -      +
     46G  GLY*     1.3    70.4    -      -       -      +
     48G  ARG*     1.3    79.5    +      -       +      +
     51G  LEU*     4.2    14.1    -      -       +      -
    132G  TRP*     4.4     4.5    -      +       -      -
    135G  THR*     4.2    14.1    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il