Contacts of the helix formed by residues 1068 - 1093 (chain A) in PDB entry 4TU4


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASP1068 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1066A  ASP*     3.3    23.6    -      -       +      +
   1067A  ARG*     1.3    97.2    -      -       +      +
   1069A  PRO*     1.3    76.8    -      -       +      +
   1070A  GLY*     3.3    15.2    +      -       -      -
   1071A  ASP*     3.2    23.8    +      -       -      +
   1072A  ARG*     3.0    18.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PRO1069 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1067A  ARG*     3.7    16.3    -      -       -      +
   1068A  ASP*     1.3    89.8    -      -       +      +
   1070A  GLY*     1.3    57.7    +      -       -      +
   1072A  ARG*     3.9     8.0    -      -       +      +
   1073A  LEU*     2.9    32.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY1070 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1068A  ASP*     3.3     9.9    +      -       -      -
   1069A  PRO*     1.3    79.5    -      -       -      +
   1071A  ASP*     1.3    63.1    -      -       -      +
   1073A  LEU*     3.8     7.1    -      -       -      +
   1074A  ILE*     3.2    23.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP1071 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1063A  TYR      4.8     0.3    -      -       -      +
   1064A  ASN*     3.1    32.5    -      -       -      +
   1065A  PRO*     3.3     2.6    -      -       -      +
   1066A  ASP*     2.9    46.1    +      -       -      +
   1068A  ASP*     3.2    21.6    +      -       -      +
   1070A  GLY*     1.3    74.3    -      -       -      +
   1072A  ARG*     1.3    67.0    +      -       -      +
   1074A  ILE*     3.3     7.7    -      -       -      +
   1075A  ARG*     2.9    29.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG1072 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1066A  ASP      4.1     0.9    -      -       -      +
   1067A  ARG*     3.2    56.3    +      -       -      +
   1068A  ASP      3.0    10.3    +      -       -      +
   1069A  PRO*     3.9     7.4    -      -       +      +
   1071A  ASP*     1.3    77.6    -      -       -      +
   1073A  LEU*     1.3    58.2    +      -       -      +
   1075A  ARG*     3.3    28.5    +      -       -      +
   1076A  HIS*     2.9    29.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU1073 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1069A  PRO      2.9    18.1    +      -       -      +
   1070A  GLY*     3.8     7.0    -      -       -      +
   1072A  ARG*     1.3    74.3    -      -       -      +
   1074A  ILE*     1.3    65.9    +      -       -      +
   1076A  HIS*     3.2    10.0    +      -       +      +
   1077A  ARG*     3.0    72.7    +      -       +      +
   1205A   CL      4.5     7.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE1074 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1008A  VAL*     4.0    10.8    -      -       +      -
   1009A  PHE*     4.0    16.2    -      -       +      -
   1060A  ALA*     4.6     4.0    -      -       +      +
   1064A  ASN*     3.5    31.6    -      -       +      +
   1070A  GLY      3.2    12.6    +      -       -      +
   1071A  ASP      3.3    13.2    -      -       -      +
   1073A  LEU*     1.3    79.0    -      -       -      +
   1075A  ARG*     1.3    56.8    +      -       -      +
   1077A  ARG*     3.3     8.2    +      -       -      +
   1078A  ALA*     2.8    29.2    +      -       -      +
   1204A  37N      3.4    65.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG1075 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1060A  ALA*     4.5     3.1    -      -       -      +
   1061A  LEU*     3.8    42.2    -      -       +      +
   1064A  ASN*     2.8    37.8    +      -       +      +
   1065A  PRO*     3.3    12.4    +      -       -      -
   1066A  ASP      2.7    25.9    +      -       -      +
   1067A  ARG*     4.9     0.2    -      -       -      +
   1071A  ASP*     2.9    26.9    +      -       -      +
   1072A  ARG*     3.3    35.8    -      -       -      +
   1074A  ILE*     1.3    77.3    -      -       -      +
   1076A  HIS*     1.3    62.4    +      -       -      +
   1078A  ALA*     3.3     2.0    +      -       -      +
   1079A  CYS*     3.0    30.0    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS1076 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1005A  ARG*     6.2     2.0    -      -       -      -
   1072A  ARG      2.9    17.9    +      -       -      +
   1073A  LEU*     3.6    11.9    -      -       +      +
   1075A  ARG*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
   1077A  ARG*     1.3    63.0    +      -       +      +
   1079A  CYS*     3.4     7.0    +      -       +      +
   1080A  ALA*     2.9    36.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG1077 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1004A  LYS      5.4     2.1    +      -       -      -
   1005A  ARG*     3.3    45.4    +      -       +      +
   1006A  PHE*     3.4     9.0    -      -       -      -
   1007A  ARG*     6.0     0.6    -      -       -      +
   1008A  VAL*     4.6    22.0    -      -       -      +
   1009A  PHE*     3.8    10.3    -      -       +      -
   1073A  LEU*     3.0    53.9    +      -       +      +
   1074A  ILE*     3.6     7.3    -      -       -      +
   1075A  ARG      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
   1076A  HIS*     1.3    77.4    -      -       +      +
   1078A  ALA*     1.3    61.0    +      -       -      +
   1080A  ALA*     3.2     6.2    +      -       -      -
   1081A  LEU*     2.8    27.5    +      -       -      +
   1204A  37N      5.0     4.9    +      -       -      -
   1205A   CL      3.3    31.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA1078 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1009A  PHE*     3.6    13.1    -      -       +      -
   1057A  CYS*     3.6    22.8    -      -       -      +
   1060A  ALA*     3.6    27.1    -      -       +      -
   1061A  LEU*     4.1    10.8    -      -       +      -
   1074A  ILE      2.8    17.0    +      -       -      +
   1075A  ARG      3.6     4.7    -      -       -      +
   1077A  ARG*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
   1079A  CYS*     1.3    62.1    +      -       -      +
   1081A  LEU*     3.3     6.0    +      -       -      +
   1082A  ARG*     3.1    18.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS1079 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1057A  CYS*     4.0    17.9    -      -       -      -
   1061A  LEU*     4.2    15.7    -      -       -      -
   1075A  ARG*     3.0    22.2    +      -       -      +
   1076A  HIS*     3.7     6.7    -      -       +      +
   1078A  ALA*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
   1080A  ALA*     1.3    58.8    +      -       -      +
   1082A  ARG*     3.4     2.7    +      -       -      +
   1083A  ASP*     2.9    42.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA1080 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1005A  ARG*     4.0    20.2    -      -       -      +
   1006A  PHE*     3.7    12.8    -      -       +      -
   1076A  HIS*     2.9    27.3    +      -       +      +
   1077A  ARG*     3.5     7.6    -      -       -      +
   1079A  CYS*     1.3    74.1    -      -       -      +
   1081A  LEU*     1.3    58.2    +      -       -      +
   1083A  ASP*     3.9     7.5    -      -       -      +
   1084A  THR*     2.8    37.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU1081 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1000A  LEU*     4.0    25.5    -      -       +      +
   1006A  PHE*     3.3    39.1    -      -       +      -
   1009A  PHE*     3.9    18.2    -      -       +      -
   1031A  LEU*     4.4     9.0    -      -       +      -
   1053A  ILE*     4.7     9.4    -      -       +      +
   1056A  ILE*     3.5    42.0    -      -       +      -
   1057A  CYS*     5.3     1.1    -      -       +      +
   1077A  ARG      2.8    14.1    +      -       -      +
   1078A  ALA*     3.3    10.5    +      -       -      +
   1080A  ALA*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
   1082A  ARG*     1.3    56.8    +      -       -      +
   1084A  THR*     3.3     2.3    +      -       -      -
   1085A  ALA*     2.9    30.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG1082 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1053A  ILE*     4.0    14.4    -      -       +      -
   1054A  ASP*     2.5    35.2    +      -       -      +
   1057A  CYS*     3.9    29.4    -      -       +      -
   1078A  ALA      3.1     9.8    +      -       -      +
   1079A  CYS*     3.7     7.2    -      -       -      +
   1080A  ALA      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
   1081A  LEU*     1.3    79.6    -      -       -      +
   1083A  ASP*     1.3    65.5    +      -       -      +
   1084A  THR      3.3     0.2    +      -       -      -
   1085A  ALA*     3.3     1.9    +      -       -      +
   1086A  TYR*     3.0    43.4    +      -       +      -
   1203A  GOL      3.2    44.8    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP1083 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1079A  CYS*     2.9    29.1    +      -       -      +
   1080A  ALA*     3.9     7.6    -      -       -      +
   1082A  ARG*     1.3    80.0    +      -       -      +
   1084A  THR*     1.3    56.7    +      -       -      +
   1086A  TYR*     3.5     1.6    +      -       -      +
   1087A  ALA*     2.9    30.0    +      -       -      +
   1203A  GOL      2.8    33.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR1084 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1000A  LEU*     3.5    22.2    -      -       +      -
   1003A  ASP*     5.6     1.1    -      -       -      +
   1005A  ARG*     3.9    19.8    +      -       -      +
   1006A  PHE*     3.9     6.4    -      -       +      -
   1080A  ALA*     2.8    24.5    +      -       -      -
   1081A  LEU      3.7     3.4    -      -       -      -
   1083A  ASP*     1.3    72.9    -      -       -      +
   1085A  ALA*     1.3    62.1    +      -       -      +
   1087A  ALA*     3.2     6.2    +      -       +      +
   1088A  ILE*     2.9    42.6    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA1085 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    996A  VAL*     4.9     5.8    -      -       +      +
   1000A  LEU*     3.9    24.8    -      -       +      +
   1049A  TYR*     5.1     0.7    -      -       +      -
   1050A  LEU*     4.4     6.5    -      -       +      -
   1053A  ILE*     3.9    23.8    -      -       +      -
   1081A  LEU      2.9    16.7    +      -       -      +
   1082A  ARG      3.8     3.8    -      -       -      +
   1084A  THR*     1.3    78.9    -      -       -      +
   1086A  TYR*     1.3    62.1    +      -       -      +
   1088A  ILE*     3.3     5.6    +      -       -      +
   1089A  ILE*     3.0    30.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR1086 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1050A  LEU*     3.8    43.8    -      -       +      +
   1053A  ILE*     5.2     2.0    -      -       +      -
   1054A  ASP*     3.0    39.1    +      -       -      -
   1082A  ARG*     3.0    48.4    +      -       +      +
   1083A  ASP      3.9     3.1    -      -       -      +
   1085A  ALA*     1.3    76.9    -      -       +      +
   1087A  ALA*     1.3    57.6    +      -       -      +
   1089A  ILE*     3.4     6.2    +      -       -      +
   1090A  LYS*     2.8    30.5    +      -       -      +
   1203A  GOL      3.9    36.1    -      -       -      +
   1206A  DMS      4.9    12.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA1087 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1083A  ASP      2.9    19.0    +      -       -      +
   1084A  THR*     3.2     6.9    +      -       +      +
   1086A  TYR*     1.3    71.7    -      -       -      +
   1088A  ILE*     1.3    67.0    +      -       +      +
   1090A  LYS*     3.7     7.0    -      -       -      +
   1091A  GLU*     3.0    41.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE1088 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    992A  PHE*     5.1     0.2    -      -       +      -
    996A  VAL*     3.9    34.1    -      -       +      -
    999A  ARG*     3.9    33.4    -      -       +      +
   1000A  LEU*     4.4    11.7    -      -       +      -
   1084A  THR*     2.9    37.7    +      -       +      +
   1085A  ALA      3.7     3.8    -      -       -      +
   1087A  ALA*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
   1089A  ILE*     1.3    59.3    +      -       -      +
   1091A  GLU*     3.3     3.9    +      -       -      -
   1092A  GLU*     2.9    57.0    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE1089 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    992A  PHE*     4.1    21.8    -      -       +      -
    993A  LEU*     5.3     0.4    -      -       +      -
    996A  VAL*     4.9     7.9    -      -       +      -
   1046A  VAL*     3.7    22.9    -      -       +      -
   1049A  TYR*     4.1    15.9    -      -       +      -
   1050A  LEU*     3.5    32.3    -      -       +      -
   1085A  ALA      3.0    17.5    +      -       -      +
   1086A  TYR*     3.8     5.4    -      -       +      +
   1088A  ILE*     1.3    75.6    -      -       -      +
   1090A  LYS*     1.3    66.9    +      -       -      +
   1093A  LEU*     2.9    52.4    +      -       +      +
   1206A  DMS      4.4    21.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS1090 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1086A  TYR      2.8    18.9    +      -       -      +
   1087A  ALA*     3.7     8.3    -      -       -      +
   1088A  ILE      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
   1089A  ILE*     1.3    81.1    -      -       -      +
   1091A  GLU*     1.3    63.2    +      -       +      +
   1093A  LEU      4.6     5.2    -      -       -      +
   1206A  DMS      6.4     0.7    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU1091 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1087A  ALA*     3.0    32.6    +      -       -      +
   1088A  ILE*     3.9     5.2    -      -       -      +
   1090A  LYS*     1.3    79.9    -      -       +      +
   1092A  GLU*     1.3    71.1    +      -       +      +
   1093A  LEU      5.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU1092 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    992A  PHE*     4.2    16.8    -      -       +      -
    995A  ASN*     4.7     0.3    -      -       -      +
    999A  ARG*     2.5    47.6    +      -       -      -
   1088A  ILE*     2.9    26.5    +      -       -      +
   1091A  GLU*     1.3    93.8    -      -       +      +
   1093A  LEU*     1.3    59.6    +      -       -      +
   1094A  ASP      3.7     0.2    +      -       -      -
   1202A  GOL      3.2    19.6    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU1093 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    992A  PHE*     4.1    21.3    -      -       +      -
   1046A  VAL*     3.6    36.1    -      -       +      -
   1089A  ILE*     2.9    34.9    +      -       +      +
   1090A  LYS      4.6     5.4    -      -       -      +
   1091A  GLU      5.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
   1092A  GLU*     1.3    77.9    -      -       -      +
   1094A  ASP*     1.3    72.7    +      -       -      +
   1095A  GLU*     3.4     4.2    +      -       -      +
   1097A  PHE*     3.9    25.1    -      -       +      -
   1098A  GLU*     3.8    17.3    -      -       +      +
   1202A  GOL      3.5     7.6    -      -       -      -
   1206A  DMS      4.0    11.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il